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1、话题1.How to organize a scientific research(如何组织科学研究)2Contributions of scientists(科学家的贡献)功能1.Talking about scientific jobs(谈论科学工作)2.Describing people(描述人物)语法The Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative过去分词(1)作定语和表语重点单词characteristic,conclusion,conclude,analyse,defeat,attend,expose,cure,cha
2、llenge,absorb,suspect,blame,pollute,handle,link,announce,instruct,construct,construction,contribute,spin,reject,cautious重点短语put forward,draw a conclusion,expose.to,link.to.,apart from,(be) strict with.,make sense,look into,lead to,at times,be against,be to blame,with certainty重点句型1.So many thousands
3、 of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.2He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.3Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.1conclude vt.&
4、 vi. 断断定定,推推断断;使使结结束束,终终止止;达达成成,缔结缔结归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)conclude sth.(from sth.)/conclude (from sth.) that.推推断出断出,断定,断定conclude sth.with/by doing sth.以以结束结束to conclude (作插入语作插入语)最后最后(一句话一句话) (2)conclusion n结束;结论结束;结论in conclusion最后,总之最后,总之arrive at/come to/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论得出结论come to the c
5、onclusion that.所得结论是所得结论是(3)conclusive adj.确定的,最后的;决定性的确定的,最后的;决定性的These are facts; what do you conclude from them?这些都是事实,你能从中得出什么结论?这些都是事实,你能从中得出什么结论?The man concluded his speech with a saying.那个人用一句谚语结束了他的演讲。那个人用一句谚语结束了他的演讲。After waiting for half an hour,I concluded that he wouldnt come at all.等了半
6、小时后,我得出结论,他不会来了。等了半小时后,我得出结论,他不会来了。Hable reached the conclusion that the universe was expanding.哈勃得出结论说宇宙在不断膨胀。哈勃得出结论说宇宙在不断膨胀。【链接训练链接训练】_,Id like to say how much Ive enjoyed staying in your beautiful country.ATo conclude BTo includeCIn the conclusion DAs conclusion【解析解析】to conclude用于结束发言,表示用于结束发言,表示
7、“最后最后”。【答案答案】AWe cant _ whether a child is clever or stupid from his (her) points in an examination.Aconduct Bnotice Cunderstand Dconclude【解解析析】conclude.from “从从中中推推断断出出”,其其他他选选项项与与题题意意不不符符。句句意意为为:我我们们不不能能从从一一个个孩孩子子的的一一次次考考试试分分数中推断出他数中推断出他(她她)是聪明还是迟钝。是聪明还是迟钝。【答案答案】D2defeat vt. 打打败败;战战胜胜;使使受受挫挫n. 失失败
8、败(同同 failure);输输同类辨析同类辨析defeat,beat与与win这三个词都有这三个词都有“赢赢”的意思,但其用法不尽相同。的意思,但其用法不尽相同。(1)defeat 和和 beat 其其宾宾语语必必须须是是“人人或或一一个个团团体体”,如如 a team,a class,a school,an army 等等。 defeat 还还侧侧重重指指“在在战战场场上上打打败败敌敌人人”,beat 常常用用于于游游戏戏或或比比赛赛中中,但但在在实实践践中中两词常替换使用。两词常替换使用。(2)win表表示示在在较较强强的的竞竞争争中中取取得得了了胜胜利利,常常带带的的宾宾语语有有gam
9、e,war,prize,fame,battle 等等。 win 还还可可作作不不及及物物动动词用。词用。The problem has defeated me and I cannot solve it.这个问题把我难住了,我无法解决它。这个问题把我难住了,我无法解决它。The party faces defeat in the election.这个政党面临选举失败。这个政党面临选举失败。We beat/defeated them at football match yesterday.在昨天的足球赛上,我们击败了他们。在昨天的足球赛上,我们击败了他们。We won the football
10、 game yesterday.我们赢了昨天的足球赛。我们赢了昨天的足球赛。【链接训练链接训练】用用 defeat,beat,win 完成句子完成句子He _ all his opponents in the election.They are always _ but never beaten.The enemys plot was _ very soon.We wouldnt have _ without your help.Mary _ first prize for swimming.【答案答案】defeated/beatdefeateddefeatedwonwon3attend vt
11、.&vi.照料,护理照料,护理(病人病人);出席,参加;出席,参加归纳拓展归纳拓展attend school/a lecture/a lecture/church 上学上学/ /听讲座听讲座/ /去教堂去教堂attend (at) a wedding/meeting/meeting出席婚礼出席婚礼/ /参加会议参加会议attend (on/upon) sb.伺候某人;照顾某人伺候某人;照顾某人attend to处理,注意,专心于;照料处理,注意,专心于;照料Attend to your work and stop talking.专心工作,不要再说话了。专心工作,不要再说话了。Everyone
12、 in the office was expected to attend the meeting.办公室每一个人都必须出席会议。办公室每一个人都必须出席会议。The doctor attended (on/upon) the sick.医生照看病人。医生照看病人。Could you attend to this matter immediately?你能不能立刻处理这件事?你能不能立刻处理这件事?【链接训练链接训练】Would you like to _ us in celebrating Johns return from Africa tonight?Id like to,but I h
13、ave to _ a meeting.Ajoin;attend Battend;joinCtake part in;attend Djoin;join in【解解析析】join sb. in doing“加加入入某某人人做做”;attend meeting“参参加加会会议议”。句句意意为为:你你今今晚晚想想和和我我们们一一起起庆庆祝祝约翰从非洲回来吗?约翰从非洲回来吗?我很想,但是我得参加一个会议。我很想,但是我得参加一个会议。【答案答案】A4expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光暴露;揭露;使曝光归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)expose sth./sb./sb./oneself (to sth.)
14、显显露露或或暴暴露露某某事事物物/ /某某人人/ /自己自己(2)exposed adj.(指地方指地方)无遮蔽的;不遮挡风雨的无遮蔽的;不遮挡风雨的be exposed to暴露于暴露于(3)exposure n暴露,显露;揭露,揭发暴露,显露;揭露,揭发Travelling abroad exposes children to different languages and cultures.国外旅游使孩子们接触到不同的语言和文化。国外旅游使孩子们接触到不同的语言和文化。This medicine is not to be exposed to sunlight.这种药物不可以暴露在阳光下
15、。这种药物不可以暴露在阳光下。The film has been exposed.这胶卷已经曝光了。这胶卷已经曝光了。【链接训练链接训练】What made your skin look so terrible?_ to the sunlight for a long time.ABecause it was exposed BAfter being exposedCBeing exposed DExposed【解解析析】考考查查v.ing形形式式作作主主语语。从从语语境境可可以以看看出出,答答语是用来代替语是用来代替what来充当主语的,因此答案为来充当主语的,因此答案为C。【答案答案】C5
16、cure n. CC治治愈愈;疗疗法法;对对策策vt. 治治愈愈(疾疾病病);治治疗疗;纠正;去除纠正;去除(弊端等弊端等)归纳拓展归纳拓展a cure for.的一种治疗法;一种解决的一种治疗法;一种解决的方法的方法cure sb.of sth.治治愈愈(其其主主语语可可以以是是医医生生也也可可以以是是某某种种药药);消除某人的忧虑;矫正某人的不良行为;消除某人的忧虑;矫正某人的不良行为The doctor found a new cure for this disease.医生找到了这种病的新疗法。医生找到了这种病的新疗法。The medicine should cure you of y
17、our cold.这药应该能治好你的感冒。这药应该能治好你的感冒。Parents try to cure their children of bad habits.父母想办法纠正孩子们的坏习惯。父母想办法纠正孩子们的坏习惯。同类辨析同类辨析cure 与与 treat(1)cure 指指“治治愈愈疾疾病病,消消除除痛痛苦苦,戒戒除除恶恶习习、弊弊端端、嗜嗜好好”等,强调结果。常与等,强调结果。常与of连用。连用。(2)treat 只只指指“治治病病,医医治治”,强强调调治治疗疗的的动动作作或或医医治治的的过程,不涉及治疗的效果如何。常与过程,不涉及治疗的效果如何。常与for连用。连用。The d
18、octors are trying their best to treat her with a new drug for her strange disease.医生们正尽力用一种新药为她治疗奇怪的病。医生们正尽力用一种新药为她治疗奇怪的病。诱导展望诱导展望与与 cure sb.of sth.结构类似的动词短语还有:结构类似的动词短语还有:remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事;提醒某人某事使某人想起某事;提醒某人某事rob sb.of sth.抢了某人某物抢了某人某物inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事通知某人某事warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事警告某人某事a
19、ccuse sb.of sth.指控指控/控告某人某事控告某人某事【链接训练链接训练】Although this medicine can cure you_your illness,it has a bad effect_you.Afor;in Bfor;on Cof;on Dof;at【解解析析】考考查查固固定定搭搭配配。cure sb. of sth.“治治愈愈某某人人某某病病”;have a bad effect on“对对产生不良影响产生不良影响”。【答案答案】C6suspect vt.怀疑怀疑n嫌疑犯嫌疑犯adj.可疑的可疑的归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)suspect sb.of(doi
20、ng)sth.认为某人有认为某人有(做做)之嫌疑之嫌疑suspect sb.to be.怀疑某人是怀疑某人是suspect that怀疑怀疑(2)a suspect of.(罪的罪的)嫌疑犯嫌疑犯(3)suspicion n怀疑怀疑under suspicion of.被怀疑干了被怀疑干了suspicious adj.怀疑的,疑神疑鬼的怀疑的,疑神疑鬼的be suspicious of.怀疑怀疑They suspect him of murder.They suspect him to be murderer.They suspect that he committed a murder.他们
21、认为他有杀人嫌疑。他们认为他有杀人嫌疑。I suspected him of deliberately forgetting his purse.我怀疑他故意忘了他的钱包。我怀疑他故意忘了他的钱包。The policeman is questioning a suspect.那个警察正在审讯一名嫌疑犯。那个警察正在审讯一名嫌疑犯。【链接训练链接训练】The man_of shooting 6 school children was caught by Beijing police,the Xin Hua News Agency reported on Friday.Abeing suspect
22、ed BsuspectingCsuspected Dto be suspected【解解析析】句句意意为为:星星期期五五新新华华社社报报道道说说北北京京警警方方抓抓住住了了涉涉嫌嫌射射杀杀6名名学学童童的的凶凶手手。suspect vt.“怀怀疑疑”;suspect sb. of.“认认为为某某人人有有之之嫌嫌疑疑”。suspect与与所所修修饰饰的的the man之之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词形式。间为动宾关系,故用过去分词形式。【答案答案】C7blame vt.责责备备;谴谴责责;把把归归咎咎于于n过过失失;责责备备归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)be to blame 对对某某事事应应负负责责任任
23、、应应受受责责备备(不不用用被被动动语语态态)blame sb.for (doing) sth.因因责怪责怪/责备某人责备某人blame.upon/on.把把归咎于归咎于(2)accept/take/take/bear the blame for sth.对某事负责任对某事负责任place/put/put/lay the blame on sb.for sth.将某事归咎于某人将某事归咎于某人Which driver was to blame for the accident?这起事故该由哪位司机负责?这起事故该由哪位司机负责?He blamed his brother for breakin
24、g the window.他责备他兄弟打破了窗玻璃。他责备他兄弟打破了窗玻璃。She blamed the failure of their marriage on him.她把婚姻的失败归咎于他。她把婚姻的失败归咎于他。We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我们愿对所发生的事情负责。我们愿对所发生的事情负责。【链接训练链接训练】The water was left running all night long.Yes.It seemed that John _.He was the last one to leave th
25、e lab.Awas to be blamed Bwas to blameChad been blamed Dshould be blamed【解解析析】当当表表达达“对对(坏坏事事,错错事事)负负有有责责任任”时时,其其结构为结构为be to blame (for sth.),且此短语不用于被动语态。,且此短语不用于被动语态。【答案答案】BNot I but Tom _ the car accident.Awas to blame for Bwere to blame forCwas blamed for Dwere blamed for【解解析析】考考查查 not.but.连连接接主主语语
26、时时,主主谓谓搭搭配配要要符符合合就就近近原原则则,be to blame 结结构构不不用用被被动动语语态态。综综上上,可可知知答答案为案为A。【答案答案】A8announce vt. 宣宣布布;宣宣告告,发发表表;(尤尤指指通通过过广广播播)通通知知归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)announce sth.(to sb)向某人宣布、通告某事向某人宣布、通告某事announce that.通知,宣称通知,宣称It is announced that.据宣布据宣布(2)announcement n. 通告,宣告,通知;声明通告,宣告,通知;声明make an announcement发布通知,声明发布通知
27、,声明(3)announcer n. 播音员播音员They announced their engagement to the family.他们向家里宣布他们已经订婚了。他们向家里宣布他们已经订婚了。We are pleased to announce that all five candidates were successful.我们高兴地宣布,五位候选人全都当选。我们高兴地宣布,五位候选人全都当选。It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.据宣称将有新的限速规定出台。据宣称将有新的限速规定出台。Ke
28、ep silent,I have an announcement to make.请安静,我有个通告要宣布。请安静,我有个通告要宣布。同类辨析同类辨析announce 与与 declare(1)announce 指指首首次次正正式式地地“公公开开;发发表表;宣宣布布”,侧侧重重“预告预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情,尤指新闻之类的消息。人们所关心或感兴趣的事情,尤指新闻之类的消息。(2)declare 指指正正式式地地、明明确确地地向向公公众众“宣宣布布;宣宣告告;声声明明”立立场场或或态态度度等等,侧侧重重当当众众发发表表,多多用用于于宣宣战战、议议和和、判判决决等。等。(3)announce
29、不不接接双双宾宾语语,即即不不可可说说announce sb.sth.,而而declare后可跟复合宾语。后可跟复合宾语。He was declared innocent.他被宣布无罪。他被宣布无罪。【链接训练链接训练】Everyone was silent as he _ the winner of the competition.Asaid BknewCannounced Dtold【解解析析】句句意意为为:当当他他宣宣布布比比赛赛获获胜胜者者名名字字的的时时候候,全场鸦雀无声。此处全场鸦雀无声。此处announce表表“宣布宣布”之意。之意。【答案答案】C9contribute vt.贡
30、贡献献出出;捐捐款款;投投稿稿vi.捐捐款款;投投稿稿;促成促成归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)contribute.to.把把贡献给贡献给contribute to (to/towards为为介介词词)为为作作贡贡献献;把把(时时间间)投入;给投入;给投稿;有助于;是投稿;有助于;是的原因之一的原因之一(2)contributor n投稿者;捐助者投稿者;捐助者contribution n贡献;捐献物;捐助;稿件贡献;捐献物;捐助;稿件make a contribution to/towards /towards (to/(to/towards为为介介词词)为为作出贡献作出贡献The writer p
31、ersonally contributed $5,000 to the earthquake fund.那位作家个人捐赠了那位作家个人捐赠了5 000美元给地震基金会。美元给地震基金会。Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to lung cancer.吸烟是导致肺癌的主要因素。吸烟是导致肺癌的主要因素。He often contributes to this newspaper.他经常向这家报社投稿。他经常向这家报社投稿。He made a very positive contribution to the overall succ
32、ess of the project.他对项目的全面成功作了非常积极的贡献。他对项目的全面成功作了非常积极的贡献。【链接训练链接训练】Everyone is encouraged to _ food or clothing for those who suffered a great deal in the big earthquake.Aconstruct BcontributeCsupply Ddistribute【解解析析】contribute food or clothing “捐捐献献食食物物或或衣衣服服”。distribute 意意为为“分分配配,分分发发”;supply意意为为“
33、提提供供,供供应应”,常常用用 supply sth.to sb.结结构构。construct 意意为为“建建造造”,三者均与题意不符,故被排除。三者均与题意不符,故被排除。【答案答案】BIt is said that driving after drinking_thousands of traffic accidents every year.Aresults from Bcontributes toCdevotes to Dlies in【解解析析】考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。句句意意为为:据据说说每每年年酒酒后后驾驾车车造造成成了了成成千千上上万万的的交交通通事事故故。contr
34、ibute to“有有助助于于,导导致致”,符符合合题题意意。result from“起起因因于于,由由造造成成”;devote to“献献身身于于,致致力力于于”,常常用用于于devote oneself to sth.;lie in“在于,位于在于,位于”。均与题意不符,故答案为。均与题意不符,故答案为B项。项。【答案答案】B重点短语与句型重点短语与句型1put forward(1)提出提出(建议等建议等)(2)推荐某人或自己任职;提名推荐某人或自己任职;提名(3)将将提前;把提前;把(钟表指针钟表指针)顺拨顺拨归纳拓展归纳拓展put away 放好;积蓄放好;积蓄put back放回;拨
35、回放回;拨回put down 写下来;记入名单;结束;抑制写下来;记入名单;结束;抑制put off 耽误;延期;推迟耽误;延期;推迟put an end to.结束结束put on 穿上;增加;演出穿上;增加;演出put out 熄灭;扑灭熄灭;扑灭put through 做成;达到成功的终点;接通电话做成;达到成功的终点;接通电话put up 建立;建造;张贴,公布;留某人过夜建立;建造;张贴,公布;留某人过夜put up with 忍受忍受The committee put forward a proposal to reduce the time limit.委员会提出了一项建议来减少
36、时间限制。委员会提出了一项建议来减少时间限制。May I put your name forward as chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席?我能否提名你当委员会主席?Weve put forward the date of our wedding by one week.我们将婚礼日期提前了一周。我们将婚礼日期提前了一周。Put your watch forward.Its five minutes slow.把你的表拨快点,你的表慢了五分钟。把你的表拨快点,你的表慢了五分钟。【链接训练链接训练】He is feeling down because
37、 the suggestion that he _ at the meeting yesterday has been turned down.Alooked into Bcame upCbrought up with Dput forward【解解析析】根根据据语语境境,应应是是昨昨天天所所提提的的建建议议遭遭到到拒拒绝绝。D项项“提提出出(问问题题、建建议议等等)”符符合合句句意意。A项项“调调查查”不不符符合合句句意;意;B项缺少项缺少with;C项项with多余。多余。【答案答案】DYou can take anything from the shelf,but please _ th
38、em _ when youve finished with them.Aput;on Bput;downCput;back Dput;off【解解析析】考考查查 put 短短语语。put. back “把把放放回回原原处处”;put on “穿穿衣衣服服;穿穿上上;增增加加”;put down “写写下下来来;列列入入名名单单”;put off“延延期期,推推迟迟”。句句意意为为:你你可可以以从从架架子子上拿任何东西,但当你用完之后请把它们放回原处。上拿任何东西,但当你用完之后请把它们放回原处。【答案答案】C2apart from除除之之外外(还还有有);此此外外(相相当当于于besides)
39、;除除之外之外(别无别无)(相当于相当于except/except for)同类辨析同类辨析besides,except,except for,apart from,other than与与but(1)besides“除除了了之之外外(还还有有)”,有有肯肯定定的的附附加加意意义义,表表示示在在整整体体中中加加上上一一部部分分,除除去去的的部部分分包包括括在在内内,是是包包容容关关系。系。同类辨析同类辨析(2)except“除除了了没没有有”,表表示示在在整整体体中中减减去去一一部部分分,是排除关系。前后名词性质相同。是排除关系。前后名词性质相同。(3)except for意意为为“除除之之外
40、外”,用用于于引引述述细细节节以以修修正正和补充句子的主要意思。前后名词性质不同。和补充句子的主要意思。前后名词性质不同。(4)apart from具具有有多多重重意意义义,既既可可表表示示besides,也也可可表表示示except或或except for。(5)other than的的含含义义与与except和和but相相同同,都都表表示示从从总总体体中除去一部分。中除去一部分。(6)but常常同同everyone,anyone,everything,anything等等不不定定代代词词,nobody,none,nowhere等等否否定定词词连连用用,后后面面可可以以是是名名词词、介介词词
41、短短语语、不不定定式式等等,其其后后接接动动词词不不定定式式时时,如如果果前面有前面有do或或can not,不定式不带,不定式不带to,其余情况带,其余情况带to。There will be five of us for dinner,besides John.除约翰外,我们中还有五个人要一起吃饭。除约翰外,我们中还有五个人要一起吃饭。诱导展望诱导展望besides还还可可用用作作副副词词,表表“除除此此之之外外”,相相当当于于in addition。Besides,I want you to promise me one thing.另外,我要你答应我一件事。另外,我要你答应我一件事。Yo
42、ur compositions are well written except Toms.除了汤姆的作文外,你们的作文都写得很好。除了汤姆的作文外,你们的作文都写得很好。Your composition is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.除了几处拼写错误外,你的作文写得很好。除了几处拼写错误外,你的作文写得很好。I think you have a real artistic gift apart from this defect.除了这个缺陷外,我觉得你确实有艺术天赋。除了这个缺陷外,我觉得你确实有艺术天赋。What do
43、you like doing apart from (besides) swimming?除了游泳你还喜欢做什么?除了游泳你还喜欢做什么?They were given nothing other than dry bread and water for their evening meal.只给了他们些干面包和水作为晚饭,其他什么也没有。只给了他们些干面包和水作为晚饭,其他什么也没有。Everyone was there but him.除除了了他他之之外外,所所有有人人都都在在那那儿。儿。I can do nothing but stay here.我什么都不能做,只得呆在这儿。我什么都不
44、能做,只得呆在这儿。【链接训练链接训练】I was surprised to see wild flowers in Alaska.Many people think there is nothing there_ice and snow.Abeside Brather thanCapart from Dregardless of【解解析析】答答句句句句意意为为:许许多多人人认认为为那那里里除除了了冰冰雪雪之之外外什什么么也也没没有有。apart from“除除之之外外(别别无无)”,相相当当于于except for。【答案答案】CWhat do you think of the newlyd
45、esigned mobile phone?It_well_its high price.Asells;except for Bsells;butCis sold;except for Dis sold;besides【解解析析】sell well意意为为“畅畅销销”;根根据据句句意意可可知知,除除了了价价格格高高之之外外,这这款款手手机机销销路路很很好好,因因为为其其后后面面接接的的内内容容与与前前面面提提到到的的事事物物不不是是同同类类的的,故故选选择择except for,表表示示对对事事物物总总体上的肯定,局部的否定。体上的肯定,局部的否定。【答案答案】A3make sense有意义;有
46、道理;讲得通有意义;有道理;讲得通归纳拓展归纳拓展make sense of理解,明白理解,明白make no sense没有道理;没有意义没有道理;没有意义in a sense在某一方面;就某种意义来说在某一方面;就某种意义来说in no sense决不是,绝非决不是,绝非There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理做某事没有道理/没有必要没有必要a sense of humor/direction/direction幽默感幽默感/ /方向感方向感She doesnt talk much,but what she says makes sense.她讲话不多,
47、但言之有理。她讲话不多,但言之有理。Can you make sense of what he said?你能听懂他说的话吗?你能听懂他说的话吗?In a sense,learning the law is like learning a new language.在一定意义上,学习法律就像学习一门新的语言。在一定意义上,学习法律就像学习一门新的语言。Theres no sense in talking to him any more.Youre wasting your breath.没必要再跟他说了。你这是在白费口舌。没必要再跟他说了。你这是在白费口舌。【链接训练链接训练】The expl
48、anation in the report doesnt _,because the numbers are wrong.Amake sense Bmake a differenceCmake clear Dmake way【解解析析】 考考查查短短语语辨辨析析。make sense“有有意意义义”;make a difference“有有作作用用,有有影影响响”;make clear“清清楚楚说说明明”;make way(for sb./sth.) “给给让让路路”。根根据据语语境境应应是是因因数据不正确,所以解释没有意义,故选数据不正确,所以解释没有意义,故选A项。项。【答案答案】AThe
49、 boy tried to read his fathers letter,but he couldnt _ of it.Athink Bmake senseCunderstand Dmake out【解解析析】make sense of “理理解解,明明白白”,是是固固定定短短语语。think of “想想想想”,understand 不不与与 of 连连用用。make out “辨辨认出,理解,明白认出,理解,明白”,后面直接跟宾语。,后面直接跟宾语。【答案答案】B4Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other p
50、lanets in the sky make sense.只只有有当当你你把把太太阳阳放放在在中中心心位位置置上上,天天空空中中其其他他行行星星的的运运动才能说得清楚。动才能说得清楚。only 修修饰饰副副词词、介介词词短短语语或或状状语语从从句句且且位位于于句句首首,为为了了加加强强语语气气,句句子子用用不不完完全全倒倒装装,即即把把助助动动词词、情情态态动动词词或或系系动词动词 be 放在主语之前。放在主语之前。Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made.只有在那时我才意识到我所犯的错误。只有在那时我才意识到我所犯的错误。Only in
51、this way can we solve the problem.只有通过这种方式,我们才能解决这个问题。只有通过这种方式,我们才能解决这个问题。Only when the war was over in 1945 was he able to get back home.只有在只有在1945年战争结束他才回到家。年战争结束他才回到家。诱导展望诱导展望(1)only 修饰状语从句时,主句倒装,从句不倒装。修饰状语从句时,主句倒装,从句不倒装。(2)only 加主语放在句首时,句子不倒装。加主语放在句首时,句子不倒装。Only the boy himself knows what he is
52、going to be.只有这男孩本人知道他的前途。只有这男孩本人知道他的前途。(3)not only.but also.连连接接两两个个分分句句时时,not only 放放于于句句首,第一个分句用部分倒装。首,第一个分句用部分倒装。Not only did he come but also gave me some advice.他不仅来了而且给了我一些建议。他不仅来了而且给了我一些建议。【链接训练链接训练】Only after you have reached eighteen _ the army.Ayou can join Byou can join inCcan you join D
53、can you join in【解解析析】only修修饰饰状状语语从从句句置置于于句句首首,句句子子要要用用部部分分倒装,排除倒装,排除A项和项和B项;又因为项;又因为 join in 后接活动,故选后接活动,故选C。【答案答案】C过去分词作定语和表语过去分词作定语和表语过过去去分分词词是是动动词词的的一一种种非非限限定定形形式式,兼兼有有动动词词、副副词词和和形形容容词词的的特特征征,可可以以在在句句中中作作定定语语、表表语语、宾宾语语补补足足语语或或状状语。语。一、作定语一、作定语1单单个个过过去去分分词词及及由由过过去去分分词词构构成成的的复复合合形形容容词词作作定定语语一一般般放放在在
54、所所修修饰饰的的词词的的前前面面;过过去去分分词词短短语语作作定定语语一一般般放放在在所所修修饰饰的的词词的的后后面面,相相当当于于一一个个(从从句句谓谓语语为为被被动动或或完完成成时时的的)定定语语从从句句。被被修修饰饰的的词词是是分分词词所所表表示示的的动动作作的的承承受受者者;在在逻逻辑上它们是动宾关系。辑上它们是动宾关系。China is not a developed country.中国还不是发达国家。中国还不是发达国家。Last Monday our class went on an organized trip to a forest to study the wildlife
55、.(organized triptrip which was organized)上上星星期期一一,我我们们班班进进行行了了一一次次有有组组织织的的旅旅行行,到到森森林林里里去研究野生动植物。去研究野生动植物。2过去分词、动词不定式的被动式和动词过去分词、动词不定式的被动式和动词ing形式的被形式的被动形式都可作定语,但表示的时间概念不同。过去分词表示动形式都可作定语,但表示的时间概念不同。过去分词表示已经完成的行为,可以和表示过去的时间状语连用;动词已经完成的行为,可以和表示过去的时间状语连用;动词ing形式的被动式表示正在进行的被动行为,可以和形式的被动式表示正在进行的被动行为,可以和 n
56、ow 连用;连用;动词不定式的被动式往往表示即将进行的行为,可以和表示动词不定式的被动式往往表示即将进行的行为,可以和表示将来的时间状语连用。将来的时间状语连用。 The problem discussed at yesterdays meeting is very important.昨天会上讨论的问题很重要。昨天会上讨论的问题很重要。The problem being discussed now is very important.正在讨论的问题很重要。正在讨论的问题很重要。The problem to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very i
57、mportant.明天会上即将讨论的问题很重要。明天会上即将讨论的问题很重要。3并并非非所所有有的的定定语语从从句句都都可可以以改改为为过过去去分分词词短短语语或或动动词词的的ing 形式。形式。Do you know anything about that accident which happened yesterday?关于昨天发生的事故你知道些什么吗?关于昨天发生的事故你知道些什么吗?注注意意:上上句句不不能能改改成成.about the accident happened yesterday,因因为为 happen 是是不不及及物物动动词词,happened在在此此句句中中只只有有完
58、完成成意意义义,而而无无被被动动意意义义。同同时时也也不不能能改改成成.about the accident happening yesterday,因因为为happening表表示示主主动动、进进行行的的意意思思,此此句句只只有有主主动动意意义义,而而无无正正在在发发生生之之意意,状状语语 yesterday 表示发生过的完成的动作。表示发生过的完成的动作。4过过去去分分词词作作定定语语与与所所修修饰饰词词之之间间存存在在两两种种意意义义关关系系:一一是是及及物物动动词词表表被被动动意意义义(或或已已完完成成的的被被动动动动作作);二二是是不不及及物物动词表示完成意义。动词表示完成意义。(1
59、)表示被动和完成表示被动和完成the broken glass打碎了的杯子打碎了的杯子(2)只表示完成不表示被动只表示完成不表示被动fallen leaves落叶落叶二、作表语二、作表语1过过去去分分词词作作表表语语时时,与与系系动动词词构构成成系系表表结结构构,强强调调逻逻辑辑主主语语所所处处的的状状态态,而而被被动动语语态态强强调调动动作作由由谁谁完完成成,怎怎样样完完成。成。The cup is broken.杯子破了。杯子破了。(系表结构系表结构)The cup was broken by him.杯杯子子被被他他打打破破了了。(被被动动语语态态)The children were v
60、ery excited at the news that we were going to take them to the zoo.孩子们听到我们要带他们去动物园的消息都兴奋不已。孩子们听到我们要带他们去动物园的消息都兴奋不已。The story was so exciting that the children couldnt fall asleep all night.这个故事太令人兴奋了,孩子们听后整夜都不能入睡。这个故事太令人兴奋了,孩子们听后整夜都不能入睡。注注意意:ed结结尾尾的的形形容容词词有有时时也也可可用用来来修修饰饰look,expression,eyes,voice等等
61、词词,这这些些词词本本身身就就是是人人的的情情感感的的体体现。现。Alice read the letter with a puzzled expression on her face.艾丽丝脸上带着一种迷惑的表情读了这封信。艾丽丝脸上带着一种迷惑的表情读了这封信。【链接训练链接训练】Different opinions about where to build the chemical works arise at the meeting _ now.Aheld Bbeing heldCto be held Dholding【解解析析】 由由提提示示词词 now 可可知知会会议议正正在在进进
62、行行,而而 meeting 与与 hold 之之间间为为被被动动关关系系,故故应应使使用用现现在在分分词词的的被被动动形式。形式。【答案答案】BAfter the heavy rain,many cars got _ in the mud.Acatch Bcatching Ccaught Dbeing caught【解解析析】“get过过去去分分词词形形式式”是是近近年年来来常常出出现现的的考考点。点。get 相当于相当于 be,强调结果。,强调结果。【答案答案】CThe Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building
63、at that time.Ato be completed Bhaving been completedCcompleted Dbeing completed【解解析析】句句意意为为:建建立立于于19世世纪纪初初的的市市政政厅厅是是当当时时最最与与众众不不同同的的建建筑筑。据据句句意意知知The Town Hall后后需需加加后后置置定定语语,根据根据in the 1800s可知已完成,故选可知已完成,故选C。【答案答案】CFive people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award,a title _ to ordinary people for their
64、 contributions to environmental protection.Abeing given Bis givenCgiven Dwas given【解解析析】考考查查过过去去分分词词短短语语作作后后置置定定语语。A项项表表示示被被动动动动作作正正在在进进行行,不不合合句句意意。由由句句式式结结构构可可知知,后后半半部部分分title作作句句中中宾宾语语的的同同位位语语,不不是是一一个个句句子子,不不能能用用谓谓语语动动词词形形式式,B项项不不合合句句意意。C项项符符合合句句式式结结构构,given短短语语修修饰饰title,相相当当于于which was given。由由句句
65、子子的的结结构构可可知知,后后半半部部分分应应为为短短语语,不是句子,故不能用谓语动词形式。不是句子,故不能用谓语动词形式。D项不合句意。项不合句意。【答案答案】CIt is _ to travel by air than by water.Aa lot more excited Bmuch excitingCa lot more exciting Dmuch more excited【解解析析】exciting意意为为“令令人人兴兴奋奋的的”,主主语语多多为为物物。excited意意为为“感感到到兴兴奋奋的的”,主主语语多多为为人人,据据此此,本本题题应应用用exciting。另另外外,由由于于是是两两者者间间进进行行比比较较,所所以以exciting应应用用比比较级形式,并用较级形式,并用a lot来修饰。来修饰。【答案答案】C