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1、Unit4TextIIConfucius,thePhilosopher1ContentsLead-inactivitiesStructure&MainIdeasAnalysisoftheTextOralWorkAssignment2Lead-inActivitiesAccordingtoyourownunderstanding,pleasegiveusabriefintroductiontoConfucius. InwhichbookConfuciusputforwardhismainphilosophyandteachings?ListcorethoughtofConfuciusinhist
2、eachings.Amongallhisdisciples,whodoyoulikebestandwhy?3ABriefIntroductiontoConfuciusConfucius(551BC-479BC),namedasMasterKong,KongQiu(孔丘）Zhongni(仲尼),founderofConfucianism,isregardedasagreatphilosopher,thinkerandeducatorofancientChinaandisrecognized as one of the most influential figures in Chinesehist
3、ory.HismainphilosophyandteachingscanbefoundintheAnalectscompiledbyhisdisciplesandtheirstudents.4ConfuciusCoreThought Humanity （仁）（仁）Donotdountootherswhatyouwouldnothaveothersdountoyou. Righteousness (义义)Toseewhatisrightandnottodoitiswantofcourage. Ritual （礼礼）Looknotatwhatiscontrarytopropriety;listen
4、nottowhatiscontrarytopropriety;speaknotwhatiscontrarytopropriety;makenomovementwhichiscontrarytopropriety. Knowledge （智）（智）Hewasofanactivenatureandyetfondoflearning,andhewasnotashamedtoaskandlearnfromhisinferiors. 5 integrity （信）（信） Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo. Loyalty （忠）（忠）Theemperoristheem
5、peror,theministeristheminister,thefatheristhefather,andthesonistheson. Filial piety （孝孝）whilehisparentsarealive,thesonmaynottraveltoofar. Ifitsnecessarytotravel,thereshouldbeadefinitedirection6TheStructureThistextcanbedividedintothreepartsPart 1( Para.1-6) Master Kung gave his disciples very stricti
6、ntellectualtraining.Part2 ( Para.7-13) Two examples of how disciples urgentquestionsstimulatedMastersmindandmadehimgivethemostnotablesayings.Part3(Para.14-17)Confuciusenjoyedappraisingthecharacterofmenofthepastandhistimeincludinghisdisciples.7TheMainIdeaIt mainly describes Master Kungs requirements
7、on hisstudents as well as himself and in some informalconversations with his students, Master Kung shows his brilliantthoughts.8AnalysisoftheTextMasterKung:alsospelledKong,thetitleofhonorforConfucius孔夫子91)MasterKungkepthisdisciplesunderrigidmentaldiscipline.MasterKunggavehisstudentsverystrictintelle
8、ctualtraining.disciple:someonewhobelievesandhelpstospreadthedoctrineofanother;e.g.HesJesusfavoritediscipleintheGospelofJohn102)regarding:youcanuseregardingtoindicatethesubjectthatisbeingtalkedorwrittenabout.关于;至于e.g.Theproposalregardingsafetyinproductionwascalledupintheconferencethismorning.113)Afew
9、forthatreasongainedaquestionablefamefortheyareknowntohistoryonlybecauseofthehumiliatingreproofstheMastergavethem.e.g.AfewofConfuciusstudentsgainedtheirfamenotbecause of their brilliant thoughts but because ofConfuciuscriticismonthem.124)Accordingtohisownstatementshemadenoattempttosugar-coatthepillof
10、learning.Hesaidhewouldnevermakeanyefforttomakelearninganeasymatter.13sugar-coatV.coatedbysugar,tomakesth.soundreasonableandacceptable;e.g.Hedidnttrytosugar-coatthenewsbecausetheyhavearelationshipoftotaltrust.145)totheeffectthat:usedtorefertothegeneralsenseormeaningofsomethingwrittenorspoken大意是;e.g.T
11、hepresidentmadeadeclarationtotheeffectthatthegovernmentwouldtryeverymeanstorescuethehostage.6)buthisdiscipleswerewarmlyattachedtohimandhewaswarmlyattachedtothem.BothofConfuciusandhisstudentshaveadeepaffectiontoeachother.beattachedto:fullofaffectionorfondnesse.g. He is deeply attached to Dudu, his do
12、g, who hasaccompaniedhimfornearlyeightyears.7)HehadnocharityforslothandlazinessHecouldnottoleratethosewhowerelazyandreluctanttoworkhard.17charity:kindnessandtoleranceinjudgingothers(对他人)宽容，宽厚My mother often tells me that it is a virtue to look upon others with charity8)Rottenwoodcannotbecarved,awall
13、ofdirtyearthwillnotreceivethetrowel!:Youcannotcarveanythingoutofrottenwoodnorplasterupwallbuiltupofrubbish.朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可圬也。9)HewasconstantlyimpressingonhisdisciplesthesacrificesthatmustbemadeinthenameofscholarshipHecontinuouslyfixedinthemindofhisstudentstheideathatonehadtogiveupcomfortforthesakeofma
14、kingacademicachievements.2010)bequicktodosth.:dosth.immediatelyHisfriendsdarenotplayjokesonhimasheisquicktotakeoffence.Similarly,hewouldimmediatelyreprovethestudentswhoacceptedhisteachingswithoutdissentordoubt.11)theirunquestioningacceptanceofhisteachingsbroughtequallypromptcondemnation.22Boththemas
15、terandhisstudentsareveryluckyinselectingeachother,althoughsometimesthemasterselectedhisstudentswithoutfullconsideration.12)Themasterwasprobablyasfortunateinhisinvoluntaryselectionofdisciplesas23Lao-tze13)Lao-tze:alsospeltLao-tzu,LaoTse,founderofDaoism(道家),whichestablishedtheearliestontology(本体论)andc
16、osmology(宇宙论)inChina.Littleisknownabouthislifeandheissaidtobea contemporary of Confucius. The central concept of hisphilosophicalsystemisTheDao(orTao,oftentranslatedas“theWay”),whichisalsothecoreofclassicalChinesephilosophy. Hisbook Dao De Jing is the first work with a comprehensivephilosophicalsyst
17、eminthehistoryofChinesePhilosophy.14)OnethoughtofDaoismmentionedinthetext:InjuryshouldberecompensedbykindnessTheMastersview:Recompenseinjuryandevilwithjustice!recompensekindnesswithkindness,goodwithgood.何以报德？以德报德，以善报善。以直报怨，15)altruism-humanityDonotdountootherswhatyouwouldnothaveothersdountoyou.己所不欲，
18、勿施于人。16)“Mywaywithmenwastoheartheirwordsandgivethemcreditfortheconduct.Nowmywayistoheartheirword,andlookattheirconduct.”始吾于人也，听其言而信其行；今吾于人也，听其言而观其行Q:whatmakesConfuciuschangeinstudyingthecharacterofpeople?17) howfarahorseflycantravelonthetailofahorseYanHui,themastersfavoritestudentiscomparedtoahorsefly(牛虻).Itsametaphorusedinasatiricalwayto indicate that Hui was given high honor by“flattering”Confucius.OralWorkPleaseworkinpairsandmakeapresentationaboutConfuciusandhisdisciplesaccordingtothetext.29AssignmentFinishexerciseonnotebookP.50onyournotebook30Thatstheend!Thankyouforyourattention31
