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1、核心考点精讲针对性练习20142018年安徽中考介词和介词短语考点分布年份题号考点分值难易程度201836介词of，in，against，from的词义辨析1201738介词above，behind，from，through的词义辨析1201636介词短语in danger的用法1201533介词after，in，for，during的词义辨析1201432介词in，after，for，through的词义辨析12018年安徽纲要附录语法项目表介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，它是一种虚词，不能单独使用，必须和名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词语连用构成介词短语。介词分为简单介词(单个的介词)和短语
2、介词(多个单词构成的介词)。分析安徽中考近五年来的中考试题及2018年的安徽考试纲要可知，介词和介词短语是安徽中考的必考知识点。考生在复习时要偏重于对介词in和常见介词短语的掌握。预计2019年安徽中考还会考查介词的词义辨析。复习的重点以普通介词through和across，时间介词since和位置介词between和among等为主。核心考点精讲考点一：常见介词的分类分类例词表示时间in, at, on, between, since, for, during, until, till, by, before, past, from, after表示方位in, at, on, to, aro
3、und, before, between, behind, beside, near, under, above, into, below, next to, among, through, across 表示方式 by, with, in, on其他介词like, about, against, without, as, of, towards, except, along, off, besides1on, in, to表示位置时，on表示两个地点相互接壤；in表示某一小地点在另一大地点之内；to表示两个地点互不接壤，并有一定的距离。Guangdong Province is on the
4、 southeast of Guangxi.广东省在广西的东南边。China is in the east of Asia.中国在亚洲东部。Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。2since, for和fromsince 指从某时一直延续至今，后接时间点，句子用完成时；for指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，句子用完成时；from指说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.小丽还是个小女孩的时候我就认识她了。We havent seen each
5、 other for years.我们已经有好多年没有见面了。From now on, Ill exercise every day.从今以后，我要每天都进行锻炼。3with, in, by三者都可译为“用”，但用法不同：with表示用某种工具，所用的东西都是具体的物品；in表示用某种材料、语言等；by表示用某种手段或方法，多指使用某种交通工具。Please write with a pencil. 请用铅笔书写。Can you say it in French? 你能用法语说吗？I go to school by bike. 我骑自行车去上学。4besides，except二者都可译为“除之
6、外”。besides表示“除之外，还有”，含义是肯定的；except“从整体中去除一部分”，含义是否定的。We all went besides him.除他之外，我们也都去了。(他去了)We all went except him. 除他之外，我们都去了。 (他没去)5across，throughacross表示从物体表面通过，与on有关。 through表示通过一个空间，与in有关。The boy ran across the street.这个男孩穿过了大街。 They walked through the forest.他们穿过了森林。 6below，under below “在下”，
7、不一定在正下方。under “在正下方”。There is a dog under the desk.书桌下有一只小狗。 Write your name below the line.在横线下方写下你的名字。 【典例解析】(2018连云港) Bill, did you see Tom?Yes, he just parked his car here and then hurried _ the street.AthroughBover CpastDacross【解析】考查介词。这里表示从街道的一边到另一边，当然用across。【答案】D考点二：常见的介词短语介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系
8、。熟记并掌握这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。 介词 名词at home在家；at school在学校；at noon在中午；at work在工作；at night在晚上；at breakfast早餐时；at the moment在此刻by bus乘公交车；by the way顺便说；by turns轮流；by mistake错误地；by the time到时in hospital住院；in the end最后；in English用英语；in future将来；in time及时；in fact事实上；in the daytime在白天on time按时；on fire着火；on show
9、展出；on duty值日；on foot步行；on sale在出售；on vacation在度假；on the left/right在左/右边；on the phone打电话with pleasure很乐意；with ones help在某人的帮助下be形容词介词be surprised at 对感到吃惊；be angry with生(某人的)气；be afraid of害怕；be busy with忙于做；be good at 擅长于；be full of充满；be excited about 对感到兴奋；be kind to 对和善；be interested in对感兴趣；be famo
10、us for 因而著名；be late for 迟到；be popular with 受欢迎；be pleased with 对感到满意；be proud of 对感到骄傲；be ready for 为准备好；be satisfied with 对满意；be worried about 为担心动词介词agree with 同意；ask for 请求；begin with 以开始；come from 出生，来自；call at 探访；die of 死于；get on/off上车/下车；fill with 用装；fall off 从落下；hear from 收到(某人)的信；hear of 听说；
11、look at 看；go to bed 去睡觉；go to school 去上学；look for 寻找；look after 照顾；listen to 听；pay for 付钱；point to 指向；point at 指着；send for 派人去叫；run across 碰到；talk about 谈论；think about 考虑；wait for 等候；write to 写信给；fall behind 落在后面；knock at 敲介词名词介词at the foot of 在脚下；on the top of 在顶端；in the middle of 在中间；in the front
12、of 在前面；in the east of 在东部；by means of 借助；at the beginning of 起初；by the end of 到为止；at the age of 在岁时；at the head of 在前头【典例解析】(2018襄阳) Excuse me, sir.Are you sure the umbrella in your hand belongs to you?Oh, sorry.I took it _.Mine is over there under the chair.Aat onceBon timeCby mistakeDin all【解析】考查介
13、词短语。根据下面的句意“我的雨伞在那边椅子的下面”，说明我拿错了对方的雨伞，by mistake是“错误地”的意思，C项符合句意。【答案】C()1.Mr.Green has collected more than ten thousand stamps from different countries _ last year.AforBinCamongDsince()2.Anhui is very famous _ Mount Huang and Mount Huang is famous _ a beautiful and strange mountain.Afor; asBfor; for
14、Cas; forDas; asD A ()3._， most teenagers dont like to travel with their parents.AAs a result BAfter allCIn all DIn fact()4.In class, Mr.King is always very strict _ all his students _ their study.Awith; with Bon; inCwith; inDin; atD C ()5.San Sha City is a great city in China.Its _ the south of China.Ato BinConDfrom()6.Whats the result of the meeting?They agreed to have a camp in the countryside _.Ain factBat lastCat firstDafter allB B
