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1、高一化学高一化学1 1（必修）（必修） （山东版）（山东版） 知知 识识 主主 线线 总复习总复习Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、基本概念和基本理论一、基本概念和基本理论1
2、、物质的量、物质的量（1）物质的量及其单位）物质的量及其单位摩尔摩尔 阿伏加德罗常数阿伏加德罗常数NA（ 6.021023 mol1）0.012Kg12C所所含的碳原子数含的碳原子数6.021023。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyrig
3、ht 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 物质的量（物质的量（n）、阿伏）、阿伏加德罗常数（加德罗常数（NA）与微粒）与微粒数（数（N）之间公式关系：）之间公式关系： N n= NA更多资源更多资源 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0
4、.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（2）、摩尔质量和气体摩尔体积）、摩尔质量和气体摩尔体积摩尔质量：单位物质的量摩尔质量：单位物质的量的物质所具有的质量的物质所具有的质量 m单位：单位：gmol1 公式：公式：n= MEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cl
5、ient Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.气体摩尔体积（气体摩尔体积（V Vm m）：）：一定的温度一定的温度和压强下，单位物质的量的气体所和压强下，单位物质的量的气体所占的体积。占的体积。 标准状况标准状况STP（0、压强为、压强为101kPa）下，）下， V Vm m =224Lmol1公式：公式： V n= V Vm mEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 As
6、pose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（3）物质的量浓度）物质的量浓度定义：以单位体积溶液所含溶定义：以单位体积溶液所含溶质质B的物质的量来表示溶液的物质的量来表示溶液组成的物理量，叫做溶质组成的物理量，叫做溶质B的物质的量浓度。的物质的量浓度。公式：公式：nB=cBV单位：单位：molL1Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for
7、 .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2、胶体、胶体胶体：分散质的微粒粒度介于胶体：分散质的微粒粒度介于1100nm（11091107 m）之间的分散系）之间的分散系性质：丁达尔现象：性质：丁达尔现象： 电泳：电泳： 聚沉：聚沉：Evaluation only.Create
8、d with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.胶体：分散质的微粒粒度介于1100nm（11091107 m）之间的分散系性质：丁达尔现象：用于鉴别胶体 与溶液 电泳：说明胶体中的胶粒带电 聚沉：加热、可溶性盐或搅拌Evaluation
9、 only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3、电解质、电解质 电解质电解质 与与 非电解质非电解质电解质电解质：在水溶液里或熔融状态：在水溶液里或熔融状态能够导电的化合物能够导电的化合物非电解质非电解质：
10、在水溶液里或熔融状：在水溶液里或熔融状态都不能导电的化合物态都不能导电的化合物Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.强电解质强电解质：在水溶液里能在水溶液里能 完全电离的电解质完全电
11、离的电解质范围：强酸范围：强酸 、强碱、强碱 、盐、盐 弱电解质弱电解质：在水溶液里只在水溶液里只 部分电离的电解质部分电离的电解质范围：弱酸范围：弱酸 、弱碱、弱碱Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspo
12、se Pty Ltd.4 4、离子反应和离子方程式、离子反应和离子方程式 题型题型 a.离子共存离子共存b.离子方程式的书写、正离子方程式的书写、正确与错误判断确与错误判断Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 A
13、spose Pty Ltd.5、氧化还原反应、氧化还原反应w基本概念基本概念w氧化还原反应氧化还原反应w氧化反应、还原反应、被氧化、氧化反应、还原反应、被氧化、被还原、氧化产物、还原产物、被还原、氧化产物、还原产物、氧化剂、还原剂氧化剂、还原剂Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client P
14、rofile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.二、元素与化合物二、元素与化合物1、非金属元素与化合物、非金属元素与化合物（1）卤族元素）卤族元素（2）氧、硫）氧、硫（3）氮）氮（4）碳、硅）碳、硅2、金属元素与化合物、金属元素与化合物（1）钠、镁、铝）钠、镁、铝（2）铁、铜、）铁、铜、（3）合金）合金Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluati
15、on only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（1）卤族元素）卤族元素氯气氯气3Cl22Fe = 2FeCl3Cl2Cu = CuCl2 Cl2H2 = 2HClCl2H2O = HClHClO2Cl22Ca(OH)2 = Ca(ClO)2 CaCl22H2OCl22NaOH = NaClONaCl H2OCl2SO2 2H2O = 2HCl H2SO4Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Sli
16、des for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Br2、I2：Cl22NaBr = 2NaClBr2Br22KI = 2KBrI2Br22NaOH = NaBrNaBrOH2O特特 性：性：a。淀粉遇到碘水变蓝色。淀粉遇到碘水变蓝色b。碘可升华。碘可升华Evaluati
17、on only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（2）硫及其化合物：）硫及其化合物：SFe = FeS SO2 = SO22SO2O2 = 2 SO32H2SO4（浓）（浓）Cu=CuSO4 2SO22H2O
18、2H2SO4（浓）（浓）C=2SO2CO2 2H2OEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2H2SSO2 = 3S 2H2OH2OSO3 = H2SO4Evaluation only
19、.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（3）氮及其化合物）氮及其化合物N2O2=2NO2NOO2=2NO23NO2H2O=2HNO3NON23H2=2NH3NH3H2O= NH3H2ONH3HCl= NH4Cl4
20、NH35O2=4NO6H2OEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.NH4HCO3=NH3CO2H2ONH4Cl= NH3HClNH4+OH= NH3H2O2NH4ClCa(OH)2=
21、 2NH3CaCl22H2O4HNO3=2H2O4NO2O2Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4HNO3(浓浓)Cu=Cu(NO3)2 2NO22H208HNO3(稀稀)3Cu=
22、3Cu(NO3)2 2NO4H20 4HNO3 (稀稀) C=CO2 4NO22H20Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.硅及其化合物硅及其化合物:SiO2=SiO2Si2C=Si
23、2COSiO22NaOH=Na2SiO3H2OSiO2CaO=CaSiO3Si4HF=SiF42H2OEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.制造玻璃制造玻璃原料原料:纯碱、石灰石、石
24、英纯碱、石灰石、石英反应：反应：CaCO3SiO2=CaSiO3 CO2Na2CO3SiO2=Na2SiO3 CO2Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2、金属元素及其化合物、金属
25、元素及其化合物（1）钠及其化合物：）钠及其化合物：2Na2H2O = 2NaOHH24NaO2 = 2Na2O2NaO2 = Na2O22NaS = Na2SNa2OH2O=2NaOH2Na2O22H2O=4NaOHO2Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0
26、.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Na2OCO2=Na2CO32Na2O22CO2=2Na2CO3O22NaHCO3=Na2CO3CO2H2O 条件：加热条件：加热Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copy
27、right 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（2）铝及其化合物）铝及其化合物A、4Al3O2=2Al2O3B、2AlFe2O3=Al2O3 2FeAl的两性的两性:C、2Al6HCl=2AlCl3 3H2D、2Al2NaOH6H2O 2NaAl(OH)4 3H2Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for
28、 .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.AlCl33NH3H2O=Al(OH)3 3NH4ClAl3+ 3OH= Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3的两性的两性:Al(OH)33H+=Al3+3H2OAl(OH)3OH=Al(OH)4 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Create
29、d with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Al2O3的两性的两性:Al2O36H+=2Al3+3H2O Al2O32OH 3H2O =2Al(OH)4Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slid
30、es for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2MgO2 = 2MgO3MgN2 = Mg3N2 2MgCO2 = 2MgOC Mg2HCl = MgCl2H23Mg8HNO3(稀稀) =3Mg(NO3)2 2NO4H20 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created
31、 with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（3）Fe及其化合物及其化合物Fe单质的还原性：单质的还原性：Fe2H+ = Fe2+H2Fe3+的氧化性：的氧化性：2Fe3+ Cu = 2Fe2+Cu2+ 2Fe3+ Fe = 3Fe2+ Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Lt
32、d.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.+2、+3价铁盐的性质：价铁盐的性质：Fe2+2OH = Fe(OH)24Fe(OH)2 O22H2O= 4Fe(OH)3 Fe3+3OH = Fe(OH)3Fe3+的检验：用硫氰酸钾溶液的检验：用硫氰酸钾溶液Fe3+与与SCN反应，溶液显红色。反应，溶液显红色。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET
33、3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Cu及其化合物及其化合物2CuO22H2O CO2 = Cu(OH)2CO32CuO2 = 2CuO2CuS = Cu2S4CuO = 2Cu2OO2CuSO45H2O = CuSO4 5H2OEvaluation only.Created wit
34、h Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.三、化学实验三、化学实验Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyrigh
35、t 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1、卤族元素、卤族元素氯气氯气3Cl22Fe = 2FeCl3Cl2Cu = CuCl2 Cl2H2 = 2HClCl2H2O = HClHClOEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyrig
36、ht 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2、氮及其化合物、氮及其化合物v浓、稀硝酸分别和铜、碳的浓、稀硝酸分别和铜、碳的反应反应 3、硫及其化合物、硫及其化合物 FeS = FeS 注意反应条件及现象注意反应条件及现象Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profil
37、e 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4、操作实验、操作实验v配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液（1）用固体（如）用固体（如NaOH）配制的基本步）配制的基本步 骤骤v计算计算 称取称取 溶解溶解 移液移液 定容定容（2）用液体（如浓盐酸）配制的基本步）用液体（如浓盐酸）配制的基本步 骤骤v计算计算
38、量取量取 稀释稀释 移液移液 定容定容Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.四、化学计算四、化学计算Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slide
39、s for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 类 型：1、利用化学方程式的计算2、关系式法 思考练习题（略）思考练习题（略） Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.
