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1、高考英语语法填空高考英语语法填空的的解题技巧解题技巧- 非谓语动词非谓语动词学校:深圳市光明新区高级中学学校:深圳市光明新区高级中学教师:李丽华教师:李丽华语语法法填填空空解解题题思思路路有提有提示词示词(实实义词义词)没有没有提示提示题题(虚词虚词)作谓语:作谓语:不作谓语不作谓语考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致非谓语动词:非谓语动词:to do/doing/done词类转换:尤其是形容词变副词词类转换:尤其是形容词变副词比较等级:比较等级:名词:单复数或所有格的变化名词:单复数或所有格的变化代词:代词:人称代词、不定代词、人称代词、不定代词、it的用法、物主代的
2、用法、物主代词、反身代词词、反身代词冠词:冠词:名词之前,尤其是泛指名词之前,尤其是泛指“一个一个”,或特,或特指某个人或事物指某个人或事物连词:连词:空格的前后都是句子(有主谓成分);空格的前后都是句子(有主谓成分);前后是并列成分前后是并列成分介词:介词: 当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语、表当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语、表语或动词宾语时语或动词宾语时形容词和副词的比较级、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级最高级 非谓语动词非谓语动词Focus of today!1. 确定是否用非谓语动词;确定是否用非谓语动词;2. 判断非谓语动词在句中的成分和作用;判断非谓语动词在句中的成分和作用;3. 判断
3、时态;判断时态;1)句子是否已存在谓语动词;)句子是否已存在谓语动词;2)并列连词?)并列连词?1) doing 主动,进行主动,进行2) done 被动,完成被动,完成3) to do 目的,将来目的,将来1. 确定是否用非谓语动词;确定是否用非谓语动词;1)句子是否已存在谓语动词;)句子是否已存在谓语动词;2)并列连词)并列连词(and,or等等)有:并列谓语有:并列谓语 无:非谓语动词无:非谓语动词1. _(turn) to the left , and youll find the post office .2. _ (turn) to the left , youll find th
4、e post office . Turning Turn并列谓语并列谓语 非谓语非谓语 2. 判断非谓语动词在句中的成分和作用;判断非谓语动词在句中的成分和作用;作主语或表语作主语或表语doing或或to do作宾语作宾语doing或或to do 固定搭配固定搭配作定语、补语、状语作定语、补语、状语(考虑与逻辑主语的(考虑与逻辑主语的关系)关系)doing 主动,进行主动,进行done 被动,完成被动,完成to do 目的,将来目的,将来其他常见用法其他常见用法1. 感官动词感官动词2. the+序数词序数词3. 形容词化过去分词形容词化过去分词4. 形容词后形容词后1. _ (walk) i
5、s a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国全国)Walking 2. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _(argue) with him. (上海上海)arguing 非谓语动词作非谓语动词作主语主语或或表语表语时,使用时,使用V.-ing或或to do形式,表示习惯性的,一般的行为用形式,表示习惯性的,一般的行为用V.-ing,表示具体的,一次性的行为用,表示具体的,一次性的行为用to do. 3. My task today is _
6、 (finish) the essay before dusk. to finishI cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. (北京北京)to stop working非谓语动词作非谓语动词作宾语宾语时,使用时,使用V.-ing或或to do形形式,视各动词具体的式,视各动词具体的固定搭配固定搭配而定。而定。(1)有些动词只能用有些动词只能用不定式不定式作宾语。如作宾语。如refuse, decide等。等。 (2)有些动词只能用有些动
7、词只能用动名词动名词作宾语。如:作宾语。如:keep, allow等。等。 (3)在在forget, remember等动词后等动词后既可接动名词,也可接既可接动名词,也可接不定式不定式,但意义差别较大。,但意义差别较大。(4)含含介词介词的固定句式,的固定句式,用动名词用动名词作宾语作宾语prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing,get used to等。等。与与逻辑主语逻辑主语关系:关系:doing 主动,进行主动,进行done 被动,完成被动,完成to do 目的,将来目的,将来(1)_(see) from the top of the hill,
8、 our house looks like a car. (2)_(see) the dog come over, our friend ran away.(3)_(see) more clearly, they came up and got close to it. To seeSeen Seeing1. The first text books _ (write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. written running 2. Dont leave the water
9、_ (run) while you brush your teeth. (天津天津)非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语 非谓语动词作补语非谓语动词作补语 3. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ (buy) presents for my dad. (2010全全国卷国卷I)to buy 非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 其他常见的用法其他常见的用法修修饰饰“the+序数序数词词”, 用不定式用不定式to do 作后置定语。作后置定语。2. The last one _(arr
10、ive) pays the meal. to arrive 1. The flowers _ (smell) sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. 感官动词没有被动感官动词没有被动smelling2. _ (tire) of playing football, he went back to the classroom. 3. _ (face) with difficulty, he rushed forward bravely.1. _ (lose) in thought, he almost ra
11、n into the car in front of him. LostTiredFaced有些过去分词源于系表结果,分词已有些过去分词源于系表结果,分词已经形容词化,相当于形容词经形容词化,相当于形容词be lost in; be interested in; be tired of ; be satisfied with ; be excited about; be faced with; be dressed in ;be seated 1. She wished that he was as easy (32) _ (please) as her mother,who was alwa
12、ys delighted with perfume (2009年广东)年广东)to please2. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _(breathe).to breathe 非谓语动词在非谓语动词在形容词形容词后作后作状语状语时,使用时,使用to do形式形式(1)The question _ (discuss) now at the meeting is very important.(2)The question _ (discuss) at the meeting last week
13、 is very important.(3)The question _ (discuss) at the meeting next week is very important. being discusseddiscussedto be discussed3. 判断时态;判断时态;同样表被动意义的非谓语动词,因时间状语不一同样表被动意义的非谓语动词,因时间状语不一样,形式也发生了相应的变化。因此,非谓语动样,形式也发生了相应的变化。因此,非谓语动词也是有词也是有“时态时态”的。的。 状态状态 时间时间主动主动被动被动非谓语动词先发生非谓语动词先发生(已完成)(已完成)同时发生同时发生(在进行)(在进行)未发生未发生(将来)(将来)having done done/ having been donedoingbeing doneto doto be doneThanks for your patience