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1、The Political System in the United States1新罕布什尔 New Hampshire马萨诸塞 Massachusetts罗德岛 Rhode Island康涅狄格 Connecticut 纽约 New York新泽西 New Jersey宾夕法尼亚 Pennsylvania特拉华 Delaware马里兰 Maryland弗吉尼亚 Virginia北卡罗来纳 North Carolina南卡罗来纳 South Carolina佐治亚 Georgia2 The Articles of Confederation When the War of Independe
2、nce was over, the Unites States was not one unified nation as it is today. Congress of DelegatesProblems:raise money to pay off the war establish a money symstem deal with foreign nations3 The Article of ConfederationThe Article of Confederation failed: 1.the states did not cooperate with the Congre
3、ss or with each other 2.the congress had been given no authority to force any state to do anything.4 The Articles of ConfederationThe Article of Confederation failed because the states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other.The Congress asked each state to send delegates to a convent
4、ion in Philadelphia to discuss the changes which would be necessary to strengthen the Articles of Confederation. (Rhode Island refused)5 The Articles of Confederation 6 Constitutionthe significant:1. set up a federal system with a strong central government 2. A federal symstem3. call for the electio
5、n of a national leader4. federal laws will be made only by a Congress5. a national court system78 Two main fears1. one person or group, including the majority, might become to powerful or be able to seize control of the country and create a tyranny. The executive the legislative and the judicial9 Tw
6、o main fears2. the new central government might weaken or take away the power of the state governments to run their own affairs.The Constitution specified exactly what power the central government had, and which power was reserved for the states.10We ,the People.purpose :promote the general Welfare,
7、 and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity11 the Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedom or the basic rights and privileges of the citizens so “Bill of Rights” was added to the Constitution in 17911213 Legislative Branchfuction :make federal laws, levy f
8、ederal taxes, declare war or put foreign treaties into effect.14A Two-chamber congress House of Representatives 2-year terms determined by populationcongressional districts435at least 25 years old, citizen for 7 ys 1516Senate 参议院参议院6-year terms2 / state 100at least 30 years old, citizen for 9 ys1718
9、Propose a billread, studied in committees Commented on and amended in the Senate or House chambervoteIf it passes,it is sent to the other house where a similar procedure occurs.19 Executive BranchThe president4-year term, only 2 termsPowers of the President: He has a veto power over bills passed by
10、Congress. The President has the power of appointing as many as thousands of officers.20He has the power to conduct the foreign affairs.Important officers in the diplomatic service are appointed by the President.He can send out personal agents to represent him without the approval of the Senate.The P
11、resident can make treaties with foreign countries.21The President can make executive agreements with other countries.The President is the Commander-in-chief of the armed force. The President can start and fight a war if he wants to in a limited period of time.22State 国务院Treasury 财政部Defense 国防部Justic
12、e 司法部Interior 内政部Agriculture农业部Commerce商业部Labor 劳工部Education 教育部Transportation 交通部Energy 能源部 Health and Human ServiceHealth and Human Service 卫生与公共服务事业部卫生与公共服务事业部 Housing and Urban DevelopmentHousing and Urban Development 住房与城市发展部住房与城市发展部23 Judicial BranchHeaded by the Supreme Court 11 federal court
13、s of appeal 91 federal district courtsfuction:determining whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the Constitution.24 Checks and BalancesIt guarantees that no part of the government becomes too powerful. Congress may pass a law, but the president can veto it. Then Congress may
14、 pass the law again by a two-thirds vote, and the president cannot veto it. But the law may still be cancelled if the Supreme Court decides that it goes against the Constitution.252627 Bill of Rightsguarantee freedom of religion, of speech and of the press.Have right to assemble in public places, to
15、 protest government actions and to demand changes.Have right to own weapons.Neither police nor soldiers can stop and search a person without good reason.can not search a persons home without legal permission from a court.28Americans have right to a speedy trial if accused of a crime.The trial must b
16、e by a jury and the accused person must be allowed representation by a lawyer and must be able to call in witnesses to speak for him or her.Cruel and unusual punishment is forbidden.2930 Political PartiesThe definition of political partiesThe Democratic Party (donkey) the Republican Party (elephant)31感谢您的关注！32
