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1、The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark William Shakespeare One of Shakespeares greatest tragedies, Shakespeares masterpiece. “Hamlet” was written in the early 17th century, the theme from the Danish historian Sake Suos “Danish History”, the play to the background of the medieval （中世纪的）（中世纪的）palace
2、 in Denmark by Hamlet to avenge his fathers story, is really describe England in the late Renaissance and the true face of European society, the performance of the authors profound（深远的）（深远的） reflection on the Renaissance and the fate and future of deep concern. Shakespeare in the subject matter of t
3、his ancient meaning and value of life, good and evil, reason and justice and other philosophical questions, so that works as one with a philosophical tragedy. Brief introduction背景介绍莎莎士士比比亚亚生生活活在在欧欧洲洲历历史史上上封封建建制制度度日日趋趋没没落落、资资本本主主义义兴兴起起的的交交替替时时代代。为为了了资资本本主主义义的的发发展展，在在思思想想领领域域新新兴兴的的资资产产阶阶级级文文艺艺对对封封建建文文
4、化化展展开开了了激激烈烈的的斗斗争争，这这就就是是欧欧洲洲历历史史上上著著名名的的“文文艺艺复复兴兴”时时期期，莎莎士士比比亚亚就就是是这这一一时时代最杰出的戏剧家和诗人。代最杰出的戏剧家和诗人。 本本剧剧取取材材于于1212世世纪纪的的一一部部丹丹麦麦史史，作作者者用用人人文文主主义义的的观观点点，把把这这个个只只是是单单纯纯为为父父复复仇仇的的故故事事，改改写写成成一一部部深深刻刻反映时代面貌、具有强烈反封建意识的悲剧。反映时代面貌、具有强烈反封建意识的悲剧。 Main characters 哈姆雷特哈姆雷特 Hamlet - The Prince of Denmark, the titl
5、e character, and the protagonist(主角主角). About thirty years old at the start of the play, Hamlet is the son of Queen Gertrude and the late King Hamlet, and the nephew （侄子）（侄子）of the present king, Claudius. Hamlet is melancholy（忧郁的）（忧郁的）, bitter, and cynical（愤世嫉俗的）（愤世嫉俗的）, full of hatred for his uncle
6、s scheming（诡计多端的）（诡计多端的） and disgust for his mothers sexuality. A reflective and thoughtful young man who has studied at the University of Wittenberg, Hamlet is often indecisive（犹豫不决的）（犹豫不决的） and hesitant, but at other times prone to rash and impulsive acts. 克劳迪斯克劳迪斯 Claudius - The King of Denmark,
7、Hamlets uncle, and the plays antagonist. The villain （戏剧中的反派角色）（戏剧中的反派角色）of the play, Claudius is a calculating, ambitious politician, driven by his sexual appetites and his lust for（贪求）（贪求） power, but he occasionally shows signs of guilt and human feelinghis love for Gertrude, for instance, seems s
8、incere. 乔特鲁德乔特鲁德 Gertrude - Danish queen, the princes own mother. Pharaoh died she remarried Claudius, at the age of Shakespeare this relationship is regarded as incest（乱伦）（乱伦）, so caused Hamlet hatred. She baby-sat for Hamlet mistakenly drank the poisonous wine, on the spot, died. 奥奥菲莉亚菲莉亚 Ophelia
9、- Poloniuss daughter, a beautiful young woman with whom Hamlet has been in love. Ophelia is a sweet and innocent young girl, who obeys her father and her brother, Laertes. Dependent on men to tell her how to behave, she gives in to Poloniuss schemes（阴谋）（阴谋） to spy on （侦查）（侦查）Hamlet. Even in her laps
10、e into madness and death, she remains maidenly, singing songs about flowers and finally drowning in the river amid the flower garlands （花环）（花环）she had gathered. 哈哈姆姆雷雷特特：丹丹麦麦王王子子。为为父父王王的的鬼鬼魂魂所所困困扰扰，要要对对杀杀父父凶凶手手复复仇仇。经经历历了了痛痛苦苦的的挣挣扎扎之之后后他他达达成成了了目目的的，整整个个王王宫宫也也陷陷入入了了死死亡亡的的恐恐怖怖之之中中。他他最最后后也中了致命的毒剑死去。也中了致
11、命的毒剑死去。奥奥菲菲莉莉娅娅：波波洛洛涅涅斯斯的的女女儿儿。她她与与哈哈姆姆雷雷特特双双双双陷陷入入爱爱河河，但但种种种种阻阻力力警警告告王王子子，政政治治地地位位使使他他们们无无望望结结合合。作作为为哈哈姆姆雷雷特特疯疯狂狂复复仇仇计计划划的的一一部部分分，她她被被他他无无情情抛抛弃弃，加加上上父父亲亲的的死死让让她她陷陷入入精精神神错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。克克劳劳迪迪斯斯：丹丹麦麦现现任任国国王王。他他是是哈哈姆姆雷雷特特的的叔叔父父，在在哥哥哥哥死死后后继继任任了了王王位位。老老国国王王的的鬼鬼魂魂告告诉诉哈哈姆姆雷雷特特，他他正正是是谋谋杀杀自自己己的的凶凶手
12、手。他他罪罪有有应应得得，最最后后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。乔乔特特鲁鲁德德：丹丹麦麦王王后后，王王子子的的亲亲生生母母亲亲。老老王王死死后后她她改改嫁嫁克克劳劳迪迪斯斯，在在莎莎士士比比亚亚的的时时代代这这种种关关系系被被视视为为乱乱伦伦，所所以以引引起起了了哈哈姆姆雷雷特特的的仇仇恨恨。她她替替哈哈姆姆雷雷特特误误喝喝下下了了克克劳劳迪迪斯斯预预设设的的毒毒酒酒，当场身亡。当场身亡。鬼魂鬼魂 The Ghost - The specter（幽灵）（幽灵） of Hamlets recently deceased father. The ghost, who claims
13、to have been murdered by Claudius, calls upon Hamlet to avenge him. However, it is not entirely certain whether the ghost is what it appears to be, or whether it is something else. Hamlet speculates that the ghost might be a devil sent to deceive him and tempt him into murder, and the question of wh
14、at the ghost is or where it comes from is never definitively resolved. 雷欧提斯雷欧提斯 Laertes - Poloniuss son. For his father and his sisters death with swords killed Hamlet. He also died in the poison of the sword, though Hamlet didnt realize sword is poisoned . 福丁布拉斯福丁布拉斯 Fortinbras - Norway prince. In
15、drama only short cut-scenes theatre. But he is important because the last lines by him say, seem to symbolize a brighter future, elaborated （详细阐述）（详细阐述）the drama theme . 波洛涅斯波洛涅斯 Polonius - Claudius presence of a minister. He is a notoriously(众所周知地众所周知地) stubborn, obstruct Hamlet and Ophelia the lov
16、e between. Hamlet always pretended idiotic to tease him. He hid in a tapestry(挂毯挂毯,绣帷绣帷 ), eavesdropping(偷听偷听) Hamlet and the queen conversation, prince was a sword stabbing to death. 罗生克兰和盖登思邓罗生克兰和盖登思邓 Rosencrantz & Guildernstern - The university is Hamlet old classmates. They were Claudius to recr
17、uit （招募）（招募）to look after Hamlet. Although the two were in drama role is not big, but prince soon suspicion pair is a spy. When the king of England will be executed Hamlet, he told the name to differentiate the. Hence two people behind the scenes inexplicably to die. 波波洛洛涅涅斯斯：克克劳劳迪迪斯斯的的御御前前大大臣臣。他他是是
18、个个出出了了名名的的老老顽顽固固，阻阻挠挠哈哈姆姆雷雷特特与与欧欧菲菲莉莉亚亚之之间间的的爱爱情情。哈哈姆姆雷雷特特总总是是假假装装呆呆头头呆呆脑脑来来戏戏弄弄他他。他他躲躲在在一一块块挂挂毯毯后后，偷偷听听哈哈姆姆雷雷特特与与王王后后的的谈谈话话时，被王子一剑刺死。时，被王子一剑刺死。雷雷欧欧提提斯斯：波波洛洛涅涅斯斯的的儿儿子子。为为了了父父亲亲和和妹妹妹妹的的死死用用剑剑杀杀死死了了哈哈姆姆雷雷特特。他他也也死死在在哈哈姆姆雷雷特特的的毒毒剑剑下下，尽尽管管当当时时哈哈姆姆雷雷特特没没有有意意识识到到剑剑是是带带毒的。毒的。霍霍拉拉旭旭：哈哈姆姆雷雷特特大大学学里里的的密密友友。他他没没
19、有有直直接接卷卷入入王王室室之之间间的的阴阴谋谋，所所以以他他成成了了哈哈姆姆雷雷特特的的传传声声筒筒，莎莎翁翁用用他他来来烘烘托托剧剧情情。他他也也是是唯唯一一一一个个活活到到全全剧剧结结束束的的主主要要角角色色。虽虽然然他他曾曾扬扬言言要要自自杀。杀。罗罗森森格格兰兰兹兹和和吉吉尔尔登登斯斯吞吞：都都是是哈哈姆姆雷雷特特大大学学中中的的老老同同学学。他他们们被被克克劳劳迪迪斯斯招招来来照照看看哈哈姆姆雷雷特特。虽虽然然两两人人在在剧剧中中的的作作用用不不大大，但但王王子子很很快快就就猜猜疑疑两两人人是是间间谍谍。当当国国王王下下密密令令要要处处死死远远在在英英国国的的哈哈姆姆雷雷特特时时，
20、他他把把国国书书偷偷换换了了。于于是是两两人人在在幕后莫名其妙地死去。幕后莫名其妙地死去。The relationship between the charactersHamletClaudiusGertrudeOphelia LaertesThe GhostFortinbrasPolonius sonhusbandloverfriendnephewdaughterfatherbrotherbrotherwifeThree to avenge his fathers trail(三条替父报仇的线索三条替父报仇的线索)1.Hamlet his father was killed by Claud
21、ius .2.Laertes his father was killed by Hamlet .3.Fortinbras his father was killed by King Hamlet .the plot TheplaycentersontherevengestoryofDemarkprince,Hamlet.Inordertorevengeonhisuncle,hepretendedtobemadandsufferedaseriesofmisery.第第一一幕幕：老老王王鬼鬼魂魂显显现现，告告知知哈哈姆姆莱莱特特自自己己是是被被克克劳劳狄狄斯斯害害死死的，这是复仇的缘起。的，这是复
22、仇的缘起。第第二二幕幕：国国王王克克劳劳狄狄斯斯心心怀怀鬼鬼胎胎，派派原原为为哈哈姆姆莱莱特特之之友友的的罗罗森森格格兰兰兹兹等等人人对对他他展展开开试探。试探。第第三三幕幕：克克劳劳狄狄斯斯进进一一步步利利用用哈哈姆姆莱莱特特的的恋恋人人奥奥菲菲利利娅娅对对哈哈姆姆莱莱特特试试探探的的同同时时哈哈姆姆莱莱特特佯佯装装疯癫，通过俳优疯癫，通过俳优所所演演的的戏戏证证实实了了克克劳劳狄狄斯斯的的恶恶行行，并并为为复仇误杀了正在偷听的弄臣波洛涅斯。复仇误杀了正在偷听的弄臣波洛涅斯。第第四四幕幕：克克劳劳狄狄斯斯为为除除后后患患，迫迫哈哈姆姆莱莱特特去去英英国国，欲欲借借英英王之手将他王之手将他杀杀
23、死死，反反被被哈哈姆姆莱莱特特抓抓住住机机会会，假假英英王王之之手手杀杀死死了了派派去去监监视视他他的的朝朝臣臣，返返回丹麦。回丹麦。第第五五幕幕：奥奥菲菲利利娅娅忧忧伤伤而而死死，其其兄兄雷雷欧欧提提斯斯与与哈哈姆姆莱莱特特比比剑剑。哈哈姆姆莱莱特特在在王王后后误误服服毒毒酒酒而而死死、雷雷欧欧提提斯斯当当众众揭揭露露国国王王害害人人阴阴谋谋后后，将将国国王王杀杀死死，自自己己也中剑而亡。也中剑而亡。 Classic linesTo be, or not to be: that is the question.生存生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题 This
24、 above all: to thine own self be true.尤尤其要紧的是，你必须对自己忠实其要紧的是，你必须对自己忠实 There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.世上的事情本来没有善世上的事情本来没有善恶，都是个人的思想把它们分别出来的恶，都是个人的思想把它们分别出来的 What a piece of work is man! how noble in reason! how infinite in faculty! in form and moving how express and admi
25、rable! in action how like an angel! in apprehension how like a god! the beauty of the world, the paragon of animals! 人类是一件多么了不得人类是一件多么了不得的杰作！多么高贵的理性！多么伟大的力量！的杰作！多么高贵的理性！多么伟大的力量！多么优美的仪表！多么文雅的举动！在行为上多么优美的仪表！多么文雅的举动！在行为上多么像一个天使！在智慧上多么像一个天神！多么像一个天使！在智慧上多么像一个天神！宇宙的精华！万物的灵长！宇宙的精华！万物的灵长！”Comment on hamletA
26、 thousand reader will have a thousand hamletHamlet is typical of the Renaissance humanists.Before his mother married his uncle，He can treat people equally, not to the Prince itself. He opposed the feudal jus sanguinis（血统主义）（血统主义）, that fat king is a beggar with a thin table, two different dishes. He
27、 emphasize dearthly life, praise and the pursuit of love.思考Subjective reasons :Hamlet is a humanist, is individualist, and his struggle alone, failure is inevitable. This is a tragic humanistObjective reasons : His time has failed to provide the advanced elements of the inevitable （不可避免的）（不可避免的）vict
28、ory of the conditions, the enemy is also too great balance of power, which resulted in a historical necessity and requirements and this requirement is practically impossible to achieve the tragic conflict between . So this is an era of tragedy.Hamlets tragedy rootsIdeological center of the article R
29、eversed by the royal palace script confusion rotten description reveals new feudal dynasty and the irreconcilable (矛盾的矛盾的)contradictions between the bourgeoisie. But the emerging bourgeoisie（资产阶（资产阶级）级） still in the bud（在初期）（在初期）, to overthrow the feudal building time is not ripe. It is a true refle
30、ction of social reality in Renaissance England darkness, highlighting the ideals of humanism. 剧本通过对宫廷王室颠倒混乱、腐朽不堪的描述，揭示了揭示了封建王朝与新兴的资产阶级之间不可调和的矛盾封建王朝与新兴的资产阶级之间不可调和的矛盾。但新兴的资产阶级尚处于萌芽状态，推翻封建大厦的时机还未成熟。它真实地反映了文艺复兴时期英国现实社会的黑暗，它真实地反映了文艺复兴时期英国现实社会的黑暗，突出了作者的人文主义理想。突出了作者的人文主义理想。 The thought Shakespeare created
31、Hamlet-a man with wisdom and courage .In order to revenge (报报仇仇)on his uncle for killing his father, he pretended to be mad and suffered a series of misery. On the contrary, we can also say that Hamlet is rude and selfish for he did not think twice before his revenge . If a country has no king, how can a country keep alive. So, every thing has two sides, the bright side and adumbral side. Every time we make a decision we have to think twice.在你的眼中，在你的眼中，哈姆莱特是哈姆莱特是一个怎样的一个怎样的人？人？Thank you
