《双语报高中英语 Unit 4 Helping people around the world Grammar and usage课件 牛津版选修6》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《双语报高中英语 Unit 4 Helping people around the world Grammar and usage课件 牛津版选修6（56页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Unit 4Helping people around the worldGrammar and usageTo get a further understanding of unreal conditionalsTo learn the forms of mixed unreal conditionalsTo learn other cases that need to use unreal conditionals虚拟语气虚拟语气1）概念概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实条件，不一定是事
2、实，或与事实相反。相反。2 2）在条件句中的应用）在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。语气。在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中, ,表示表示与事实相反的条件和结果。与事实相反的条件和结果。1) 与现在事实相反：与现在事实相反：If 主语主语 , 主语主语 +V原原 was/were/V-edshould (wouldcould, might)2) 与过
3、去事实相反：与过去事实相反：If 主语主语 , 主语主语 +have V-ed3) 与将来事实相反：与将来事实相反：If 主语主语 , 主语主语 +V原原should (wouldcould, might)shouldwere toshould (wouldcould, might)had been /V-ed件从件从句条句条If 从句中的从句中的谓语形式谓语形式主句中的谓语形式主句中的谓语形式现在现在过去过去将来将来Revision: If 虚拟语气虚拟语气过去时过去时(did/were)would/could/should/might +V.（原）（原）过去完成时过去完成时would/co
4、uld/should/might + have + p.p.1. 过去时过去时2. should+V.3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.（原）（原） Read the points and examples on Page 56. Please find out:1.How the tenses are used in the if-clause and the main clause in Point 1?2.Which words can be used to replace if- clauses in implied conditiona
5、ls?3.How to express unreal conditionals in adverbial clauses?4.How to use unreal conditionals in object clauses introduced by that? 1. 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气件虚拟语气(mixed conditionals)。主句和。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。 If the weather had b
6、een finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital. We use mixed conditionals when the main clause and the if-clause are about different tenses. e.g. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we ar
7、e doing now. If you had followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.1. If I had finished my homework last night, I would be allowed to watch TV now. 如果我昨晚完成如果我昨晚完成了作业，现在就被允许看电视了。了作业，现在就被允许看电视了。（从句说明过去情况，而主句说（从句说明过去情况，而主句说明现在情况。）明现在情况。）2. If you told me the truth now, I would not send for you
8、r parents tomorrow. 如果你现在告诉我实话，我明天如果你现在告诉我实话，我明天就不请你家长来了。（从句说明就不请你家长来了。（从句说明现在情况，主句说明将来情况。）现在情况，主句说明将来情况。）If I_ business at university, I_ a manager now. If I had taken an alternative path and_ medicine, I_ a lot of medical knowledge. If I _ a lot about medicine, I _ able to help my sick mother. If
9、I _ my sick mother, I _ so upset. had not studiedwould not behad studiedwould haveknewwould becould helpwould not beComplete Part A on page 57:2. We use otherwise, or and phrases beginning with with, without and but for to replace an if-clause in implied conditionals. Without air , there would be no
10、 living things. But for your help , I couldnt have done it.(If there were no air)(If it hadnt been for your help)IMPLIED CONDITIONALS: 含蓄虚拟语气含蓄虚拟语气 有时假设的条件不通过有时假设的条件不通过if条件句表达条件句表达出来，而隐含在某些介词短语中，如出来，而隐含在某些介词短语中，如 with, without, but for 等，或者通过副等，或者通过副词词or, otherwise等上下文表示。等上下文表示。1. Without your encou
11、ragement, I wouldnt have succeeded. (=If you hadnt encouraged me, I wouldnt have succeeded anyway.)没有你的鼓励，我不会没有你的鼓励，我不会成功的。成功的。例如：例如：2. With (if I had) more money, I could help more people in need.3. But for the (if there was no) money you sent me, I would starve now.4. I am too hungry, or/otherwise
12、 I would not try to eat you. (=If I were not so hungry, I would not try to eat you.)3. In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only we can use unreal conditionals.INTRODUCED BY EVEN IF, AS IF/THOUGH, IF ONLY 在在even if, as if/though, if only引引导的从句表示与事实相反的情况时导的从句表示与事实相反的情况时
13、也使用虚拟语气。与现在事实不符也使用虚拟语气。与现在事实不符用一般过去时，与过去事实不符用用一般过去时，与过去事实不符用过去完成时。过去完成时。即使生了病，他也去办公室。即使生了病，他也去办公室。 Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。 He treated me as if I were a stranger. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。She talked about the film as if she had r
14、eally seen it. IMITATION:1. 即使你有钱也不能这么浪费。即使你有钱也不能这么浪费。You should not waste even if you were rich.2. 看上去他们好像吃错药似的。看上去他们好像吃错药似的。It looked as if they had taken some wrong medicine.3. 我女朋友逛起街来好像永远不知道累一我女朋友逛起街来好像永远不知道累一样。样。My girl friend goes shopping as though she never felt tired.4. 要是我现在就知道明天考试的答案就好要是
15、我现在就知道明天考试的答案就好了。了。If only I knew the answers to the exam to be held tomorrow.注意：注意： 上述连词也可以引导事实或者具上述连词也可以引导事实或者具有很大可能性是事实的从句，此时不有很大可能性是事实的从句，此时不必使用虚拟语气。必使用虚拟语气。例如：例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.It seems as though he is lost.虚拟语气特殊句型：虚拟语气特殊句型：1. wish/if only 现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：did（were）had don
16、ewould do 1) I wish I were a bird.（现在）（现在）2) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）（过去）3) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来）（将来）If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only
17、our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train! I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一我希望和你一样高。高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没他希望他没讲那那样的的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。我希望明天下雨就好了。wish to do; wish sb./sth. to do 想要，希望想要，希望 I wish to see the manager. = I want to see
18、 the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.2. would rather (that)现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.diddidhad done3. Its (about/high) time + that shou
19、ld dodid你该走了。你该走了。我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 4. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1) 宾语从句。常见动词：宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个一个坚持，两个 命令，三个建议，四个要求。即命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1. in
20、sist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand, desire, require, request这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用用法。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词动词原形，或者将原形，或者将should省略。省略。我们建议我们建议Tom去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that T
21、om have a rest.He insisted that I (should ) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：如注意：如suggest, insist不表示不表示“建建议”
22、 或或“坚持要某人做某事持要某人做某事时”，即它，即它们用用于其本意于其本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、或、或“坚持持认为”时，宾语从句用从句用陈述述语气。气。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face sugges
23、ted that he _ (be) ill.obeywasbe senthavewas 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气，即：从句）也要使用虚拟语气，即： (should) + v-原形。原形。 名词形式名词形式: order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, desire request, requirementThe suggestion is that the plan be carried out at once.My
24、demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.5. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important + that-clause 从句中的动从句中的动 词要用虚拟，即（词要用虚拟，即（should）+ 动词原形动词原形It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.It is str
25、ange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.6. 某些简单句的固定句型：某些简单句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!Answers ( P57 Part B)B (1) Without (2) otherwise (3) wish (4) suggest (5) if only (6) as if课本练习课本练习Refl
26、ection time1. If the tense of the main clause is different from that of the if-clause, we can use _.2. Tell some other cases that can use unreal conditionals:(1) _; (2) _; (3) _; (4) _.mixed conditionalsotherwise, with even if, as if, as though, if onlywish, would rathersuggest/suggestion, require/r
27、equirementPractice 1. If I _ to school tomorrow, I _ my lessons now. A. were to go; would do B. would go; would do C. went; did D. should go; am doing A2._ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 3. If it _this afternoon, the Engli
28、sh party would be ruined. A. rains B. rained C. will rain D. was rainingCB4. Id rather you _ their invitation yesterday. A. not accept B. wouldnt accept C. didnt accept D. hadnt accepted5. It is important that you _ sports every. A. have B. would C. must have D. will haveCA 6._ the English examinati
29、on I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 7.Yesterday Jane went away from the discussion, otherwise she _ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might D. might have saidBD8. Im glad you told me about the match being cancelled
30、. _ Id have traveled all the way to London for nothing. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Besides D. However 9. - I hope you enjoyed your food very much, sir. - Yes, not bad. But the chicken _a little tender. A. could have been B. can be C. must be D. should be BA 10. _ your timely help, we could not hav
31、e finished the task ahead of time last week. A. With B. Without C. But for D. Otherwise. 11. If anyone _ this way, we would be caught like rats in a trap. A. would come B. had come C. should come D. comes BC 12. _ the job on the farm, the older Men _ find it difficult to get a new job. A. With; shou
32、ld B. Without; should C. Without; would D. With; would C 13. If Mr. Smith had realized the danger, he_ more children run out of the classroom. A. would help B. would have helped C. will help D. had helped B1.If we a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.A.have bookedB. bookedC. book
33、D. had booked 【2013北京北京】【答案【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：如果【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：如果1.我们早点订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里我们早点订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里站着排队了。可知站着排队了。可知if从句是对过去的虚拟，从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态。用过去完成时态。 高考链接高考链接 2. -Do you think George has passed the driving test? -No. If so, he _ his car to our college yesterday. A. would drive B. drove C.
34、 would have driven D. had driven 【2013福建福建】【答案【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意，如果这样的【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意，如果这样的话（乔治已经通过驾照考试），他昨天就驾车来话（乔治已经通过驾照考试），他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对过去的虚拟。我们大学了，可知是对过去的虚拟。If so= If he had passed the driving test，主句使用情态动词，主句使用情态动词+ have done。故答案选。故答案选C。 3. I should not have laughed if I you were serious.
35、A.thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought 【2013江苏江苏】【答案【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。此处为【解析】考查虚拟语气。此处为if虚拟条件虚拟条件句，其主句使用的是句，其主句使用的是should have done，可知，可知是对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时态表是对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟。示对过去的虚拟。1.你对她提议我们周末外出玩耍是怎么想你对她提议我们周末外出玩耍是怎么想的？的？ What do you think about her suggestion that we should
36、 go outing this weekend?2. 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很 忙。忙。 He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.II: Translation. 3. - 如果可能的话你会不会打电话给如果可能的话你会不会打电话给 她？她？ - 会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭 作业呢。作业呢。 - Would you have called her up had it been possible? - Yes, but I were busy
37、 doing my homework.4. 如果你昨晚没有看电影看到那么晚的如果你昨晚没有看电影看到那么晚的 话，你现在就不会那么困了。话，你现在就不会那么困了。 If you hadnt seen the film that late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. 5. 没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同 了。了。 Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.6. 那位年老的妇女要求这个年轻人向她那位年老的妇女要求这个年轻人向她 道歉。道歉。 The old woman demanded the young man should say sorry to her. 7. 你有啥建议可以帮我们除去家里的苍你有啥建议可以帮我们除去家里的苍 蝇？蝇？ What do you suggest we should do to get rid of the flies in the house?Homework1. Fill in the blanks on page 57 (Part B).2. Finish the exercises on page 125 in the workbook.
