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1、Words & ExpressionsWords & Expressions2. stress n.压力压力, 重要性重要性 v.强调强调Janets been under a lot of stress since her mothers illness.put/lay stress on 强调强调重要性重要性The teacher laid particular stress on the need for discipline.stressful adj. 充满压力的充满压力的Many people complain that their jobs are uninteresting a
2、nd stressful.3. account n. 账户账户 v. 解释，说明解释，说明 forShe could not account for her mistake.take sth into account 把考虑在内accountant n. 会计会计4. volunteer n. vt. vi.volunteer for/ to do sth We all volunteered to paint the house.He volunteered for military service.5. offer: 1) offer sb sth/offer sth to sb扩展：su
3、pply sb with sth/supply sth to/for sb provide sb with sth/ provide sth for sbe.g. I ve been offered a job in advertising.2). offer to do sth: 主动愿意做某事3). offer money for sth : 出钱买东西e.g. She offered to drive me to the station.They have offered us $ 75,000 for the house 6. The whole meal was good but t
4、he wine in particular was excellent. Is there anything in particular youd like for dinner?- No, nothing in particular. 正餐你有什么特别喜欢的菜吗？正餐你有什么特别喜欢的菜吗？没有，什么都行。没有，什么都行。be particular about/over sth 对对讲究，对讲究，对挑剔挑剔She is very particular about what she wears. 她对衣着很讲究。她对衣着很讲究。 She is so particular about her h
5、omework that servants will not work for her. 她对家务活太挑剔了，以致于佣人们不愿意她对家务活太挑剔了，以致于佣人们不愿意给他干活。给他干活。7. respect n. v.in respect of sth 关于关于; 就就而言而言His essay is fine in respect of information, but the style is dreadful.他的论文就资料而言非常好他的论文就资料而言非常好,但文体很糟。但文体很糟。with respect to sth 涉及涉及 提到或关于提到或关于This is true with
6、respect to English but not to French. With respect to your proposal, we are sorry to say that we cannot agree to it.关于你的提议关于你的提议,很抱歉我们无法同很抱歉我们无法同意。意。6. 常见常见pass短语短语pass away 去世去世pass by sb/sth 经过经过pass sth down 传递；一代传给下一代传递；一代传给下一代pass through 经历，经过经历，经过passer-by 过路人过路人 (复数复数passers-by)7. encounter
7、n. vt. 遇到、遭遇遇到、遭遇His first encounter with Wilson was back in 1989.I first encountered him when studying at Cambridge.8. qualified adj. 有资格的，合格的有资格的，合格的be qualified for/as 有有的资格的资格; 适于担任适于担任be qualified to doHe is well qualified for / to do the work. He is qualified as a president. He is a qualified
8、scientist. qualify (sb) for/as (使使)(某人某人)具有具有资格资格Fluency in three languages qualifies her for work in the European Parliament.9. take up 停车接纳乘客停车接纳乘客; 占据占据(时间时间,空间等空间等);担任担任,承担承担(职位职位); 从事某种职业从事某种职业,研究或学研究或学习习, 对某事有爱好对某事有爱好; 拿走拿走, 拿起拿起, 举起举起 The bus stopped to take up passengers This work will take
9、up a lot of my time He will take up his new post on October 1.The scientist has taken up a new subject 10. apply v. 申请，请求申请，请求apply to sb for sth 向向申请申请apply sth to sth 将将应用于应用于I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them. I want to apply for the job.New technology is being applied
10、 to almost every industrial process.application n. 申请申请; 申请表申请表11. require vt. 需要、要求、规定需要、要求、规定require sth/that/doing be required to dorequire sb to do require that sb should doYou are required by law to wear a seat belt. Regulations require that students attend at least 90% of the lectures.Most hou
11、se plants require regular watering. The situation requires that I should be there. The rules require us all to be present. The young seedlings (幼苗幼苗) require looking after carefully. need/want/requiredoingto be done12. essential adj. 必不可少的，基本的必不可少的，基本的 n. 必需品；基本要素必需品；基本要素 be essential for/to It is e
12、ssential that/ to do sthA good diet is essential for everyone. It is essential that our pilots are given the best possible training.Sleep and good food are essential to health. 13. demand vt. n. 要求要求, 请求请求, 需要需要 demand sth of sb 向向要求要求/索要索要 demand that sb should do sth demand to do in demand 有需要有需要
13、ones demand for sthShe demanded (to know) my business.I demand that John (should) go there at once. Teachers are in demand in this area.The workers demands for higher pay were refused by the employers. 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。 1.坚持坚持 insist2.命令命令 order, command3.建议建议 suggest, advise, pro
14、pose4.要求要求 , demand, request, require recommend 14. suffer v. 遭受，忍受遭受，忍受 （感到痛苦或压抑（感到痛苦或压抑, 遭受损失、伤害、损害或惩罚遭受损失、伤害、损害或惩罚, 忍受不幸、忍受不幸、伤害、痛苦或死亡伤害、痛苦或死亡 ）常用）常用suffer fromShes suffering a lot of pain. She was suffering from a headache. They are unlikely to suffer much loss of business after 2001. Translatio
15、n:1. On one side the mountains rise steeply; on the other side there is a sheer drop, which in places is hundreds of metres deep.在路的一边，山体高耸险峻，另一边悬崖陡在路的一边，山体高耸险峻，另一边悬崖陡峭，有些地方足有几百米深。峭，有些地方足有几百米深。2. The drop is so great that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive.悬崖落差如此之大，在掉下去的车里任悬崖落差如此之大，在掉下去的车
16、里任何一个能活着的乘客都是幸运的。何一个能活着的乘客都是幸运的。3. In theory, the road can only be used by traffic going uphill from 8 in the morning, and by traffic coming downhill from 3 in the afternoon. But in practice, few drivers respect the rules.按理，这条路上从早晨按理，这条路上从早晨8点开始只准许上点开始只准许上山的车通行，下午山的车通行，下午3点以后下山的车通行。点以后下山的车通行。但实际上，几
17、乎没有司机遵守这些规则。但实际上，几乎没有司机遵守这些规则。4. Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money to live on. But often they just pass by, taking the human traffic signal for granted.有时候一些司机会给他点小费，使他能够维有时候一些司机会给他点小费，使他能够维持生活。但是大多数情况下，司机们开着车持生活。但是大多数情况下，司机们开着车就过去了，把人体交通标志看作是理所当然就过去了，把人体交通标志看作是理所当然的
18、事情。的事情。5. Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs.他在志愿指挥交通之前，做过很多工作。他在志愿指挥交通之前，做过很多工作。Timoteo is a gentle 46-year-old man who lives in a village near the most dangerous part of a road in Bolivia. The road is _ because it is in high mountains, which rise steeply, and
19、 has _ on one bend. Anyone who can survive from such a travel is lucky. But _ Timoteo, the _ has fallen. Every morning he _ the bend with a large circular board in his hand, which is red _ and green _.in bad conditiona sheer dropthanks todeath tollclimbs up toon one sideon the otherFill in the blank
20、s.When two vehicles approach _ _, they cant see each other and situation may be _. But they can see Timoteo. In this way Timoteo _ the traffic. How much do you think Timoteo receives from doing it? Nearly nothing. Only a few drivers give him a tip which is just enough for him _, most of them just _,
21、 because they _. Actually Timoteo is a _, and nobody asks him to do so.from oppositedirectionsdangerousdirectsto live onpass bytook it for grantedvolunteer1. at high altitude 在高海拔地区在高海拔地区longitude 经度 latitude 纬度 attitude 态度2. in bad / good / poor conditionon condition thatunder condition/ under the
22、condition of3. respect / follow / obey the rules disobey/ break / against the rules4. live on 继续活着继续活着; 以以为食为食; 靠靠生活生活He will die，but his fame will live on after him.He lost his job and lived on credit They live chiefly on rice.5. take it for granted (that) take sb/sth for grantedHe just took it for
23、 granted that he would pass the exam.I take it for granted you have read this book. 6. week in, week out = every week from dawn till dusk 从早到晚从早到晚Every Sunday, week in, week out, she writes to her parents.Theres traffic in the streets from dawn till dusk.7. cater承办承办 宴席等的宴席等的 酒菜酒菜 服务服务 (等等) ,供应酒菜供应酒
24、菜cater forOur hotel also caters for weddings and parties.This is the biggest event weve ever catered for.提供提供娱乐娱乐; 满足满足要求要求,迎合迎合TV must cater for many different tastes. 电电视节目必须迎合各种人的爱好视节目必须迎合各种人的爱好. 动词的过去时态动词的过去时态一、过去进行时一、过去进行时 Past Continuous1. 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作过去某一时刻正在进行的动作He was going over the studen
25、ts papers at ten yesterday evening.What were you doing when he came to see you?2. 过去某段时间内正在进行的动作过去某段时间内正在进行的动作They were teaching English in Shanghai last winter.They were talking while we were watching TV.3. 表示按计划、安排，过去某时将发生的表示按计划、安排，过去某时将发生的动作：动作：They were leaving for London two days later.John tol
26、d us he was travelling on the same train with us.4. 在叙述过去发生的故事时用来描绘故事在叙述过去发生的故事时用来描绘故事发生的背景：发生的背景：One day we were driving on a highway. It was snowing and the wind was blowing strongly.二、一般过去时用法补充二、一般过去时用法补充 Past Simple1. 用来指现在的事情，一般用用来指现在的事情，一般用thought, didnt know等动词形式。等动词形式。I didnt know you were a
27、 teacher.We thought you were in London.2. 在时间和条件状语从句中表示过去预计在时间和条件状语从句中表示过去预计将要发生的事情：将要发生的事情：Mother said she would wait until her son came back.He promised to come and see us if he had time.三、过去完成时用法补充三、过去完成时用法补充 Past Perfect1. 和另一个动词的过去时连用，表示两个和另一个动词的过去时连用，表示两个动作发生的先后：动作发生的先后：When he had explained e
28、verything clearly, the students had no more questions.They had learnt quite a lot of English before they came to senior high.2. 追述以前发生的事情，并说明理由：追述以前发生的事情，并说明理由：They were tired because they had worked for three days and nights.The roads were muddy and the traffic was difficult. It had rained for a whole night.3. 表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，限于以下动词：图，限于以下动词：think, hope, intend, plan, mean, want, suppose, etc.I had intended to come, but John asked me to help him with his physics. We had thought you would call.They had wanted to help but didnt have enough money.
