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1、The Four LovesBy C.S.Lewis1.About the author: CLIVE STAPLES LEWIS刘易斯 (18981963) was one of the intellectual giants of the 20th century and the most influential Christian writer of his day. His major contributions in literary criticism, childrens literature, fantasy literature, and popular theology（神
2、学） brought him international renown and acclaim. He wrote more than thirty books, allowing him to reach a vast audience, and his works continue to attract thousands of new readers every year. C. S. Lewis was born in Belfast, Ireland, on November 29, 1898. Throughout his life, Lewis was known to his
3、family and friends as Jacka nickname he called for himself at the age of four after the beloved neighborhood dog Jack died. Lewis had one brother, Warren Hamilton Lewis (18951973). Lewiss mother died of cancer in 1908 when he was just nine years old. Little lewis2. In 1910, Lewis became a boarding s
4、tudent at Campbell College in Belfast, just one mile from his home, but withdrew one year later. In 1913, Lewis enrolled at Malvern College where he remained for one year. It was there that, at age fifteen, he became an atheist（无神论者）, abandoning the Christian faith of his childhood. From Malvern, he
5、 went into private tutoring under William T. Kirkpatrick, The Great Knock, who had also been his fathers tutor. Lewis went on to receive a scholarship to University College, Oxford, in 1916. Lewis took a hiatus from study after the outbreak of WWI, enlisting in the British Army in 1917. On April 15,
6、 1918, Lewis was wounded in the Battle of Arras and was discharged a little more than a year later in December 1919. While in the army, Lewis became close friends with his roommate Paddy Moore. Moore was killed in battle in 1918. After Lewis was discharged, he followed through with a promise to his
7、friend to look after Moores family. Lewis moved in with Paddys mother, Jane Moore, and her daughter, Maureen, in 1920. The three of them eventually moved into The Kilns, which they purchased jointly along with Lewiss older brother, Warren.3. During his time at Oxford, Lewis went from being an atheis
8、t to being one of the most influential Christian writers of the 20th century; 1931 marks the year of Lewiss conversion to Christianity（基督教）. He became a member of the Church of England. Lewis was married late in life at age fifty-eight to Joy Davidman Gresham, an American writer fifteen years his ju
9、nior. They married in 1956, two years after Lewis accepted the chair of Medieval and Renaissance Literature at Cambridge, where he finished out his career. After a four-year fight with bone cancer, Joy passed away in 1960. Lewis continued to care for her two sons, Douglas and David Gresham. C. S. Le
10、wis died at his home “The Kilns” on November 22, 1963. His grave is in the yard of Holy Trinity Church in Headington Quarry, Oxford. Warren Lewis died on Monday, April 9, 1973. Their names are on a single stone bearing the inscription （墓志铭）Men must endure their going hence.4.Achievements:Novels:(小说）
11、小说）太空三部曲1来自寂静的星球（Out of the Silent Planet，1938年）2漫游金星（Perelandra，1943年）3那股邪恶的力量（That Hideous Strength，1946年）地狱来鸿（The Screwtape Letters，1942年）梦幻巴士（The Great Divorce，1945年）纳尼亚传奇系列1狮子女巫魔衣橱（The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe，1950年）2凯斯宾王子（Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia，1951年）3黎明踏浪号（The Voyage of
12、the Dawn Treader，1952年）4银椅（The Silver Chair，1953年）5能言马和男孩（The Horse and His Boy，1954年）6魔法师的外甥（The Magicians Nephew，1955年）7最后的战役（The Last Battle，1956年）裸颜（Till We Have Faces，1956年）致马尔肯书（Letters to Malcom，1963年）Literature(文学文学)痛苦的奥秘（The Problem of Pain，1940年）如此基督教（又译作：反璞归真）（Mere Christianity，1952年，是基于1
13、941年至1944年的广播谈话内容）诗篇撷思（Reflections on the Psalms，1958年）四种爱（The Four Loves，1960年）卿卿如晤（A Grief Observed，1960年）5.Book Contents:(目录）目录）CHAPTER INTRODUCTION（引言）CHAPTER LIKINGS AND LOVES FOR THE SUB-HUMAN （对低于人类的事物的喜欢和爱）CHAPTER AFFECTION（慈爱）CHAPTER FRIENDSHIP（友爱）CHAPTER EROS（情爱）CHAPTER CHARITY（仁爱）6.About
14、Affection（慈爱）： It includes both Need-love and Gift love. It is the humblest and most widely diffused of loves , the love in which our experience seems to differ least from that of the animals. Affection , especially of parents to offspring , but also of offspring to parents , and that is the origina
15、l form of the thing as well as the central meaning of the word. And he thought almost anyone can become an object of Affection , the ugly ,the stupid ,even the exasperating . But Affection has its own criteria（标准） . Its objects have to be familiar . Affection , besides being a love itself , can ente
16、r into the other loves and colour them all through and become the very medium in which from day to day they operate.它包括需求之爱和给予之爱。它是最谦卑、传播最广泛地爱，在这种爱中，我们的体验似乎与动物的体验差异最小。慈爱，尤其是父母对孩子的爱，并且也包括孩子对父母的爱。而且，这是慈爱的最初形式，也是这个词的核心意义。几乎所有人都能成为慈爱的对象：丑陋的、愚蠢的、甚至是令人恼火的人。但是慈爱有自己的标准，它的对象必须是自己所熟悉的。慈爱除了本身是一种爱外，还能渗透到其他的爱中，浸
17、染它们，从而成了其他的爱每天发挥作用的媒介。7.About Friendship（友爱）： To the ancients , Friendship seemed the happiest and most fully human of all loves , it is the crown of life and the school of virtue . The modern world , in comparison , ignore it. Without Eros none of us would have been begotten（产生） and without Affecti
18、on none of us would have been reared , but we can live and breed （繁衍）without Friendship. The co-existence of Friendship and Eros may also help some moderns to realize that Friendship is in reality a love , and even as great a love as Eros . A friend will , to be sure , prove himself to be also an al
19、ly（盟友） when alliance becomes necessary ; will lend or give when we are in need ,nurse us in sickness , stand up for us among our enemies , do what he can for our widows （遗孀）and orphans（孤儿）对古代人来说，友爱似乎是所有的爱中最幸福又最具人性的；它是生命的皇冠，是美德的学校。相比之下，现代社会却忽视了它。没有情爱，就不会有人出生；没有慈爱，就不会有人被抚养长大，但没有友爱，我们照样可以生活和繁衍后代。可以肯定的是
20、，当需要同盟时，朋友将会证明自己也是盟友。当我们贫困时，朋友就会接济我们；当我们生病时，他们照料我们；当面临敌人时，他们站在我们一边；朋友会尽全力来照顾我们的遗孀和孤儿。8.About Eros(情爱）： To the evolutionist（进化论者） Eros(the human variation 变异)will be something that grows out of Venus , a late complication and development of the immemorial （远古的）biological impulse. And the thing is ser
21、ious . First , theologically , because this is the bodys share ,is the marriage which , by Gods choice ,is the mystical image of the union between God and Man . Secondly , it is a sub-Christian , or Pagan（异教徒的） or natural sacrament（圣事） , our human participation in , and exposition of, the natural fo
22、rces of life and fertility-the marriage of Sky-Father and Earth-Mother. Thus Eros ,like the other loves , but more strikingly because of his strength , sweetness , terror and high port , reveals his true status. 对进化论者来说，情爱（人类的变异）是从性欲发展而来的，是古老的生物性冲动后期复杂化和发展的产物。但是，它是严肃的，第一，从神学上讲，因为情爱是肉体对婚姻的参与。通过上帝的选择而
23、发生的婚姻，是上帝和人之间结合的神秘象征。第二，情爱是我们大胆地称之为次基督教的、异教徒的、或自然的圣事，是我们人类参与和展示出的生命力和能产性-天父与地母之间的联姻。9.About Charity（仁爱）： That such a Gift-love comes by Grace（恩典） and should be called Charity , everyone will agree. In reality we all need at times ,some of us at most times , that Charity from others which , being Lov
24、e Himself in them , loves the unlovable. 每个人都会同意，这种来自上帝恩典的赠与之爱应该被称作仁爱。事实上，我们所有人有时都都需要，而有些人大多数时间内都需要来自他人的仁爱，这种仁爱是他们身上的上帝之爱，让他们去爱那些不可爱的人。10.Reflection: After reading this book ,people will learn how to love . Love , which is great but also be dangerous . We may understand the love for needing ,the lov
25、e for giving , and the love for appreciating well after reading it . We understand Affection comes from familiarity ; Friendship comes from hobbies ; and we also need charity , which like the grace from God , it makes us love those unlovable . But ,Love ,having become a god , becomes a demon .so we should pay more attention to love , from this point ,we can see , love , which not only need reason , but also need logos（理性） love , is alive all the time. 11. Thank you!12.
