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1、语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语学生见P 237语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语完全倒装完全倒装就是把主语和谓语完全颠倒。1.表示方位或方位的副词或介词短语，如here， there， now， then， up， down， in， away， off， out， in the room， on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 Be quick！Here comes the bus.快点，公共汽车来了! For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together.那会儿，什么都没发生，之后
2、大家一起欢呼起来。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语 Out rushed the children.孩子们冲出了教室。注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。 Away they went.他们走了。 Over it turns！它翻过来了。2.表语连系动词主语 （表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词） Present at the meeting were Professor White， Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。3.suchbe主语 Such are the fa
3、cts； no one can deny them.这些就是事实，没有人可以否认。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语 Out rushed the children.孩子们冲出了教室。注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。 Away they went.他们走了。 Over it turns！它翻过来了。2.表语连系动词主语 （表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词） Present at the meeting were Professor White， Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授还有许
4、多其他客人。3.suchbe主语 Such are the facts； no one can deny them.这些就是事实，没有人可以否认。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装只是把谓语的一部分提到主语前面，即把谓语部分的“助动词/情态动词/be动词”提到主语的前面，谓语的其他部分仍在主语后面。1.So/Neither/Nor助动词/情态动词/be动词主语（表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物）。 Lily cant play table-tennis. Neither can I. 莉莉不会打乒乓球，我也不会。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语2.否定
5、副词never， nor， not， hardly， little， seldom， scarcely， rarely等，及表否定意义的介词短语at no time， in no case， under/in no circumstances， by no means， on no condition等置于句首时。 Its nice. Never before have I had such a special drink!太好喝了。我以前从未喝过这么特别的饮料！ Im glad you like it.我很高兴你喜欢喝。 John talked with me for about an ho
6、ur yesterday. Never had I heard him talk so much.约翰昨天和我谈了约一个小时，我从未听过他说那么多话。 By no means should you lose heart. 你决不应该失去信心。3.hardlywhen， scarcelywhen， no soonerthan， not onlybut also等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.他一听到这个消息就哭了。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语4
7、.not until“直到才”句型中，not until放在句首，后面的主句倒装。 Not until the teacher came back did he left the classroom.直到老师回来，他才离开教室。5.在so/suchthat句型中，若so/such提到句首时。 So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.我觉得这个问题太难解决了，所以决定向汤姆征求建议。 Such great progress did he make that he
8、 was praised.他取得了如此大的进步因此受到了表扬。6.当“only状语（副词、介词短语或从句）”置于句首时。 Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语7.用于as引导的让步状语从句中 （表语/状语/动词原形as主语）。 Child as he was， he made a living by himself.尽管他是个孩子，他却得自己谋生。 Try as he would， he might fail again.尽管他还会试，但可能还会失败。8.
9、if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果把if省略掉，把从句中的should, were, had提前，构成倒装。 If it should rain tomorrow, we wouldnt go camping.= Should it rain tomorrow, we wouldnt go camping.如果明天下雨，我们就不能去露营。 If you had come earlier, you would have seen the famous star.= Had you come earlier, you would have seen the famous star.如果你早一点来，就能看
10、到那个明星了语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语强调句型1.强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 It is only children who make such stupid mistakes.只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。 It was because her mother was ill that she didnt come to school yesterday.是因为她妈妈病了，她昨天才没来上学的。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语3.“It was not until.that.”这个句型强调
11、时间状语。 It was not until the next day that I learned the truth.直到第二天，我才明白事情的真相。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语1.在when， while， whenever， till， as soon as， if， unless， as if， though， as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be常被省略。 Unless (I am) invited， I wont go to the party.除非被邀请，否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。 When (you a
12、re) working， you must pay attention.上班时，你必须全神贯注。 Get up early tomorrow， if not (you dont get up early)， you will miss the first bus.明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。省略句型语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语2.不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid， be glad， forget， hope， intend， like， love， mean， prefer， refuse， seem，
13、try， want， wish等的后边。 Whats the matter with Della?黛拉出什么事了？语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语Well， her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party， but she still hopes to.父母不允许黛拉参加晚会，可她仍然希望参加。 Will you join in the game？你愿意一起做游戏吗？Id be glad to.我很乐意。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语(2)如果不定式中含有be， have， have been，通常保留be， have和have
14、been。 Are you a sailor？你是海员吗？No， but I used to be.不，但我过去是。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语主谓一致1.就近一致原则(1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天召开的会议。 Not only the nurses but also
15、 the doctor is very kind to the patients.护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语注意注意：如果主语后面带有as well as，as much as，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语时，句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。 Mr.Smith， together with his wife and daughters， is going to
16、 visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。 In my opinion， he， rather than you， is to blame.依我看来是他而不是你该受谴责。 语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语2.意义一致原则(1)谓语动词为单数的情况由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念
17、，谓语用单数。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。 My old friend and classmate works in Beijing.我的同班老朋友在北京工作。 Whisky and soda is my favourite drink.威士忌加苏打是我爱喝的饮料。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语作并列主语的单数名词前分别有each， every， no修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl wants to work hard.每个男孩和女孩都想努力工作。 No teacher
18、and no student likes the film.老师和学生都不喜欢电影。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard.劝他加入我们看起来确实难。 To go to bed early and to set up early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。 Whatever was left was taken away.剩下的所有东西都被拿走。注意注意：what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式
19、。 What they need are books.他们需要的是书。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语(2)谓语动词用复数的情况由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黄油都卖完了。people， police， cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。 People read for pleasure during their spare time.人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语3.语法一致的原则：句子的谓语必须同主语的数一致。（1）“More than one或m
20、ore than one+单数名词”，“many a+单数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。 More than one writer is interested in the story.不止一个作家对这个故事感兴趣。 Many a person has protested against the proposal.很多人对这项计划提出异议。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语（2）不定代词another, anyone, anybody, anything, each, everyone, everything, someone, somebody, something等用作主语时，谓语动词通常
21、用单数。 Anyone who wants to come is welcome.谁愿意来都欢迎。 Everybody is doing his best.人人都在尽最大的努力。 Something is wrong with my typewriter.我的打字机出了毛病。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语（3）“分数（百分数）+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数主要取决于of后面的名词的数。如果是可数名词的复数，谓语动词通常用复数；如果是可数名词的单数或不可数名词，谓语动词通常用单数。 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is se
22、a.地球表面四分之三是海洋。 Today some 90% of the countys school-age children are in school.如今这个县大约90%的学龄儿童上了学。语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语反意疑问句 附加在陈述句（有时在祈使句）后面的一个简短的问句，叫反义疑问句。当说话人对陈述句的内容有怀疑或没有把握，想进一步得到证实，常常使用这样一个问句。1.最常见的反意疑问句有下面两种：（1） 肯定陈述句+否定附加问句 You will stay here, wont you? 你要待在这里，不是吗？ Your friend is a doctor, isnt
23、 he? 你朋友是个医生，不是吗？语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语（2） 否定陈述句+肯定附加问句 You dont mind my smoking here, do you? 你不介意我在这抽烟，是吗？ You couldnt be better off, in fact, could you?事实上，你的状况不可能更好，是吗？语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语2.情态动词表推测时，其反意疑问句的变化是根据在不推测的情况下，其谓语动词所应该具备的形式来变化。如： The light is on; Tom must be at home, isnt he? 灯亮着，汤姆肯定在家，不是
24、吗？ It must have rained last night, didnt it?昨晚肯定下雨了，不是吗？语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语3.复合句的附加问句（1）复合句的附加问句一般是重复主句中主语和谓语动词。 You will tell us what you want, wont you? 你们会告诉我们你们需要什么，不是吗？ She is not so stupid as she looks, is she? 她并不像她表面看来的那样愚笨，不是吗？语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语（2）但是当主句的谓语动词是believe, imagine, suppose, thin
25、k等之类的动词，主语是第一人称，从句是用that引导的宾语从句时，附加问句按宾语从句来变。如： I suppose you are not serious, are you? 我认为你并不是当真的，是吗？ I think he ought to have known that, oughtnt he? 我想他早该知道那个，不是吗？语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语4.祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句的反意疑问句主要是由助动词或情态动词can, shall, will等和祈使句的主语构成。可用肯定形式或否定形式，但肯定形式的语气比较委婉。 Stop that noise, will you? 你们不
26、要吵，好吗？ Come down quickly, cant you? 请你快点下来，行不行？ Lets go for a walk, shall we? 我们去散步，好吗？ Let me have a look, will/wont you? 让我看一看，好吗？语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语学生见P240.单句填空1.There is a bag left on the table. Who do you suppose it belongs ? 【解析】belong to 是一个固定搭配，因为是疑问句，宾语移到前面去了。 【答案】 to2.You can never/not be
27、careful enough when （take） an exam. 【解析】when后面可以用v.ing形式，也可以用v.ed形式，但此处take跟前面的主语之间是主动关系。【答案】taking语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语3.So sweet did her voice sound on the phone I could hardly recognize it. 【解析】跟前面的so构成sothat句型。【答案】that4.Youd better ignore him completely; the more attention you give him, the （proud
28、） he is. 【解析】此处考查的是“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句型。【答案】prouder语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语5.It was only after serious consideration that he （decide） to help the secretary of the human resource manager.【解析】此处的时态是由前面的was来决定的。【答案】 decided6.It is not your efforts, but your luck, that （lead） to your success. 【解析】此处是强调句型，强调的
29、是主语部分，并且主语是由notbut连接的，要遵循就近原则。【答案】 leads语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语7.It was one in the morning that he heard a strange noise.【解析】此处是强调句型，强调的是时间状语，因此要加介词“at”。【答案】at8.Was it the bad weather that the football match had to be put off?【解析】此处是强调句型，强调的是原因状语，因此要加介词“for”。【答案】for语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语9.I just wonder wha
30、t it is makes him so excited.【解析】此处是强调句型，被强调的词是what, 因此此处用“that”。【答案】 that10.I really dont know where it that he bought the cell phone.【解析】此处是强调句型，根据后面句子的时态可知此处要用一般过去时。【答案】was语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语11.It was not until he came to China he knew what kind of a country she was.【解析】此处是强调句型，强调的是句子的状语部分。【答案】th
31、at12.Was it not until she entered the classroom that she （realize） she had forgotten her book?【解析】此处要根据强调句型的时态来推出主句的时态。【答案】realized语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语13.It was in this very lab was in the charge of John that they did the experiment.【解析】此处的强调句型强调的部分还有一个定语从句。【答案】that14.My room gets very cold at night.
32、So mine.【解析】第二句是so引导的倒装句，根据上一句的谓语动词的时态推出此处用“does”。【答案】does语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语15.I dont think I can walk any further. can I.【解析】因为上一句是否定句，所以此处用否定词“neither”。【答案】Neither16.He is a math teacher but he likes English.Its the same his sister.【解析】因为上一句有两个不同类型的谓语动词，所以用“its the same with”结构。【答案】 with语法专项提升 专题
33、十二 高考总复习英语17.So （clear） does he speak that even beginners understand most of what he says.【解析】此处用副词修饰谓语动词。【答案】clearly18. great progress had he made that he was praised.【解析】此处的结构中中心词是名词，因此用 “such”引导。【答案】Such语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语19.Only taking action can we improve the situation.【解析】“only+状语”放在句首，后面才能用倒
34、装句。【答案】by20.Not only will help be （give） to the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it.【解析】此处的倒装部分应用被动语态。【答案】given语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语.单句改错1.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill that we sat down to take a rest.【解析】no soonerthan是一个固定搭配，意为“一就”。n
35、o sooner 放在句首，其后的句子用倒装形式。【答案】thatthan2.Not only did he forced to stay home， but also he had to do his homework.【解析】not only放句首，其后的句子用倒装形式，并且此处根据句意应该用被动形式。【答案】didwas语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语3.Hung on the wall was a famous painting, which had been handed down for generations. 【解析】此句是倒装句，意为“一副名画正挂在墙上”，是主动形式，
36、因此要用“hanging”。【答案】HungHanging4.Little did he care about his own safety, as he was in great danger himself.【解析】此句意为“尽管他自己深陷危险”，应当用“though”。【答案】asthough语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语5.It was them who went to the cinema with me yesterday.【解析】此句是强调句型。强调的是主语，因此要用主格形式。【答案】themthey6.When asking about whether I wanted
37、 to go for a picnic, I exclaimed “there cant be a better idea”. 【解析】根据后半句的含义，对于我来说是被问到的意思。【答案】askingasked语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语7.After that we never saw her again. Nor had we hear from her.【解析】根据前半句的时态，可以推出后半句的时态应该为一般过去时。【答案】haddid8.Peter is always complaining and I have had enough of their complaints.
38、【解析】根据前后人称一致的关系，前面是“Peter”,后面就应该是“his”。【答案】theirhis语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语9.We have been told that with no circumstances can we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.【解析】这是一个固定搭配，under no circumstances 放在句首，后面用部分倒装。【答案】withunder10.What a great progress she has made in learning the languag
39、e of German over the past three months! 【解析】“progress”是一个不可数名词，因此要去掉“a”。【答案】a great progress语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语11.We had so much fun skiing up and down the slopes that nobody ever realized four hours has passed.【解析】前面用的是一般过去时，根据句意此处应该用过去完成时。【答案】hashad12.Have you known each other for long?Not really,
40、 after I met her at the airport this morning. 【解析】此处要表达的意思是“自从今早在机场我遇到她以来，我们才互相认识。”【答案】aftersince语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语13.Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, but the way they actual are. 【解析】修饰谓语动词要用副词。【答案】actualactually14.Although he had been told many times, b
41、ut he still couldnt understand it.【解析】although和but两个词不能同时出现在一个句子中。【答案】but he still/butyet语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语15.Turn down the TV a little, and youll wake up the sleeping baby.【解析】这是一个常见句型，当要表达否定意思时，就应该用or/otherwise来连接。【答案】andor/otherwise16.Look at the kids! How fun it is to run wildly on the grass! 【
42、解析】在感叹句中，当中心词是名词时，要用“what”来引导。【答案】 HowWhat语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语17.I dont think that necessary for you to invite so many visitors. 【解析】it在此处是形式宾语。【答案】thatit18.The Changjiang River is longer than any other rivers in China.【解析】在此结构中，any other 后面用单数名词。【答案】riversriver语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语19.How disappointing they looked when hearing that the manager was not available!【解析】此处表达的含义是看起来感到很失望，所以用“v.ed”形式。【答案】disappointingdisappointed20.When we are feeling down, it is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a friend.【解析】此处是there be 句型。【答案】itthere语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语语法专项提升 专题十二 高考总复习英语
