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1、英英 语语 写写 作作 技技 巧巧-英才学校洪飞霞英才学校洪飞霞高二高二考纲要求：考纲要求： 要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：应能： （1）准确使用语法、词汇、人称、时）准确使用语法、词汇、人称、时态；态； （2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。要求考生根连贯地表达自己的意思。要求考生根据提示写一篇据提示写一篇120词左右的英语作文。词左右的英语作文。提示有图表、图画或文字皆有。提示有图表、图画或文字皆有。 标题标题第一段第一段:第二段第二段:第三段第三段: 概括所给短文内容要点概括所给短文内容要点约约3
2、0字字过渡词引出主题句过渡词引出主题句-自己的观点自己的观点-理由理由 约约90字字总结句总结句 约约30字字写作模块写作模块 记叙文记叙文 概括所给短文内容要点注意：利用原文中所给的语概括所给短文内容要点注意：利用原文中所给的语言材料，用自己的话来写；概括后的文章意思要通顺，言材料，用自己的话来写；概括后的文章意思要通顺，行文要连贯。具体方法和要求行文要连贯。具体方法和要求:第一段概括：要做到第一段概括：要做到开门见山开门见山,抓住要点抓住要点,语言精练语言精练,列列出原文作者观点或内，常用的开头句型有如下：出原文作者观点或内，常用的开头句型有如下：According to the pass
3、age, This article is mainly aboutThe writer states thatIn this passage, the writer mainly tells us In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of fishing and was taught an unforgettable lesson by an old man. He knew the importance of patience and finally got some fish.(33 words）My ver
4、sion for the summary 第二段：怎样写过渡句：可利用一些起承第二段：怎样写过渡句：可利用一些起承上启下作用的上启下作用的连词、短语、句型。连词、短语、句型。例如例如1. It occurs to me that a similar story of mine happened 3 years ago and taught me a lesson. 2. I had a similar experience at one time, too.3. As far as I am concerned, I have a similar experience .4. I have s
5、uch a similar experience, too.5. I have a similar experience to the writers.6. I also have a similar experience. I also have an experience about being patient. I would like you, the reader, to share it with me. I have a similar experience. Once I waited for the bus at the stop for 30 minutes, no bus
6、 came. I couldnt wait any longer and decided to walk to school. But no sooner had I left than the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes. Only then did I realize the importance
7、of patience. Being impatient will waste all the efforts that we have made. Patience also plays an important part in our study and work. With it we can achieve greater success. (110 words )第三段：怎样写结尾段：第三段：怎样写结尾段： 可用表示总结全文的可用表示总结全文的短语、句型短语、句型指出观点。指出观点。1、all in all All in all, patience is very important
8、. Everyone should have patience to do everything. （14 words） However, now whenever I am to lose my patience, Ill think of the experience of waiting for a bus. (18 words) 议论文议论文第一段：第一段：第二段第二段:过渡词引出主题句过渡词引出主题句-自己的观点自己的观点-理由理由有如下开头用语有如下开头用语I do agree with the authorIn some way, I agree with , butThis o
9、pinion sounds right but is hardly practical.It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, To a great extent, Im for the writer idea.In my opinion,From my personal point of viewAs far as Im concerned （议论文）议论文）第三段第三段 最后一段最后一段 : : 总结句开头用语：总结句开头用语：In conclusion,In short,To make a long story short
10、,In general,In a word,In brief简单扼要地简单扼要地,On the whole,All in all,第三段第三段 最后一段最后一段 : : 总结句开头用语：总结句开头用语：In conclusion,In short,To make a long story short,In general,In a word,In brief简单扼要地简单扼要地,On the whole,All in all, 说明文说明文主要的出题形式如下：主要的出题形式如下：1、文字、文字+表格表格2、图表、图表3、图画、图画一是以一是以表格表格形式形式,将将统计的数据或被统计的数据或被说
11、明的事物直接说明的事物直接用表格形式体现用表格形式体现出来出来,即统计表即统计表（table） 。Item19941995199619971998Food65%60%48%42%35%clothing8%9%12%l15%17%Recreation3%5%7%8%10%Others24%26%33%35%38%Total100% 100% 100% 100% 100%矩形的矩形的竖行竖行和和横行横行进行排列的表格进行排列的表格 图表类说明文的类型图表类说明文的类型二、二、 表示总体内部结构变化的表示总体内部结构变化的扇形扇形图画图画（ pie chart ）三、三、 表示数据的大小或数量之间的
12、差异表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异 的的柱状图柱状图（ bar chart / graph ）;表示两组数的关系表示两组数的关系-通常为通常为函数关系函数关系图图四、是以四、是以图形图形形式形式 A 表示数据变化的表示数据变化的曲线图曲线图（ graph ）;第一步：门见山地点明图图形、表格、图画等第一步：门见山地点明图图形、表格、图画等所反映的主题所反映的主题,即即conclusion.1、图表、图表/数据：数据：table, chart, graph，figure（数据）（数据） ；2、动词：、动词： describe， tell, show, represent常用句型有：常用句型有：1
13、.The graph/chart/table above the above graph/chart, it can be seen that.3. (正如正如) is shown in the graph, .4. has been shown from the table thatshowsFromAsIt常使用的词汇有常使用的词汇有:第二步：第二步：分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后描写（在分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后描写（在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由）式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由），
14、注意层次注意层次 即即 提提供供facts and reasons。一、涉及表数据增长一、涉及表数据增长/减少的词汇减少的词汇:4、表示下降的名词、表示下降的名词:3、表示下降的动词、表示下降的动词:1、表示上升的动词、表示上升的动词:2、表示上升的名词、表示上升的名词:rise，increase，climb，go up , ；rise，increase, ;fall，decline，decrease，drop，go down, ;fall，decline，decrease，drop, ;5、表示平稳、表示平稳:remain steady/unchanged;二、表示二、表示 Facts的的常
15、用句型常用句型1.There was a great /slight increase /rise in2.There has been a sudden/slow/rapid fall/drop in3.The rate dropped slightly from 38%into 31% in4. By comparison with,it decreased/increased/fell fromto5. Statistics show a 20% rise/reduction in traffic accidents compared with last year.6. The popu
16、lation owning mobile phones increased by 10% in 1999. 说明文的写作方法：说明文的写作方法：列举法列举法-用事例说明主题用事例说明主题可用表示顺序的示意可用表示顺序的示意词来突出每个实例。如：词来突出每个实例。如： first, second, third, first, secondly, finally, the first thing (point) is, the second thing (point) is, the third thing(point) is, first of all, also, finally, one,
17、another, the last以事物的重要性来排列顺序，可使文章层次清楚，以事物的重要性来排列顺序，可使文章层次清楚，重点突出。重点突出。 如：如： for one thing, also, the worst thing is, first of all, apart from that, the most important is, for one thing, what is more, the most, one important, more importantly, the most important, one problem., another problem,the mo
18、st serious problem,三、表示三、表示Reasons的常用句型的常用句型:1. The reason is that2. One may think of the change as a 3. The change in largely results _ the fact that.This brings the important fact that. .is the key (因素因素)in. It is because of _ result ofwhy/forfromoutfactorthat四、涉及到倍数的表达:five times as many asdouble
19、dfourmore1.The number /rate has nearly _ （是的两倍）（是的两倍）, as against that of last year.2.The number is that of.（是（是的的5倍倍) =The number is times than in(比多倍比多倍) 常用表达：常用表达：1.in a ,/ in short,（简而言之）（简而言之） / _ 2. speaking（总的来说）（总的来说）2. summary, it is important3. From what has been discussed above, we can (得
20、出结论）得出结论）that4. _（很明显地）（很明显地）, if we want to, it is necessary5._(毫无疑问毫无疑问) attention must be paid to6. I _(建议建议)the government take effective measures to 7._, I think(就我来看就我来看) the “golden week” should remain, for第三步：第三步：归纳总结或发表评论。归纳总结或发表评论。suggestThere is no doubt thatObviously/ApparentlyIngenerall
21、ywordpersonallydraw the conclusion 写作内容写作内容根据以上数据根据以上数据,写一篇短写一篇短文文,包括以下内容包括以下内容:1.调查时间调查时间,调查问题调查问题,以以及调查对象及调查对象;2.男女生在以明星为偶像男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异方面的差异;3.”父母父母”在男女生偶像在男女生偶像中的排序差异中的排序差异;4.男女生在以伟人为偶像男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同方面的异同;5.你的偶像及理由。你的偶像及理由。范文剖析范文剖析1._ Last week，we did a survey among 2，600 students on “Who is
22、your idol”. 2._ The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols，while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. 3._ As the data shows， “parents” rank the second for the girls， but the fourth for the boys. 4._ However， the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the sam
23、e as that of the girls. 5._ As for myself， Thomas Edison is my idol， because his inventions have greatly changed our life.范文剖析范文剖析ConclusionFactYour opinionFactFact二.数据的表达数据的表达?一一. Conclusion/fact/reason/your opinion?Summary总之各种文体的篇章结构大概如下总之各种文体的篇章结构大概如下:1、主题句、主题句引出全文的话题引出全文的话题2、支持句、支持句围绕话题展开讨论，用事实，
24、围绕话题展开讨论，用事实，理由，观点等来进行解释，说明或论证。理由，观点等来进行解释，说明或论证。3、结束句、结束句对话题进行总结、感想、提对话题进行总结、感想、提出观点。出观点。第三人称第三人称现在完成时现在完成时&一般现在时一般现在时1.Conclusion2.Facts and reasons3.Your own opinion/ suggestions1. 近近10年我国私人汽车年我国私人汽车拥有量发生了巨变；拥有量发生了巨变；2. 2009年私人汽车拥年私人汽车拥有量比有量比1999年增加了年增加了5倍多倍多;3. 理由理由1：经济增长快：经济增长快;4. 理由理由2：节约时间：节约
25、时间;5. 你对此现象的看法。你对此现象的看法。时态时态:人称人称:要点要点:篇章结构篇章结构:Practice99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 Possible Version: As can be seen from the graph, great changes in car ownership have taken place in China in the past ten years. The number of private cars increased more than 5 times from nearly 3 million in 19
26、99 to over 15 million in 2009. Its mainly because the economy of China has developed so rapidly that many Chinese people want to own private cars. Besides, in modern society, many Chinese need a car to do business so as to save time. In my view, as the car ownership constantly increases year by year, a large number of social problems, such as traffic jams, will turn up in nearly every city throughout China.1、Learn by heart the useful expressions we learnt today. 2、Write a short passage according to the following chart.Homework
