上外全新版大学英语第四册课件U6-B4

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1、BR-main1. An English Song - Dear Diary2. Questionnaire3. Warm-up QuestionsBefore ReadingListen to the SongQuestions and Answers4. Background InformationRichard TomkinsTechnologyStress in the WorkplaceBR1.1_Listen to the SongListen to the SongIIBR1.2_Questions and Answers Questions and Answers 1. How

2、 does the singer treat his diary? Why?2. What does the singer think about how other people spend their time?3. Can we infer what attitude the singer takes towards the pace of life today? He treats it as a friend, to whom he can pour out his inmost feelings.He thinks they spend their days in a rush,

3、so much so that they have no time for each other or for themselves.It is unwise for people to spend days in a rush.BR2.1Questionnaire Purpose:Directions:Scoring and Interpretation:Number of Yes Answers Stress Category:BR2.11Questionnaire Purpose:Directions:Scoring and Interpretation:Number of Yes An

4、swers Stress Category:The purpose of this questionnaire is to increase your awareness of stress in your life.BR2.12If you answer “yes” to any of the following stress index questions, just click the sentence.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. I have frequent arguments.I often get upset at work.I often have n

5、eck and/or shoulder pains due to anxiety/stress.I often get upset when I stand in long lines.I often get angry when I listen to the local, national, or world news or read the newspaper.I do not have a sufficient amount of money for my needs.I often get upset when driving.At the end of a workday, I o

6、ften feel stress-related fatigue.I have at least one constant source of stress/anxiety in my life (e.g., conflict with boss, neighbor, mother-in-law, etc.).I often have stress-related headaches.10.BR2.13If you answer “yes” to any of the following stress index questions, just click the sentence.11. 1

7、2. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.20. I rarely get 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night.I do not practice stress management techniques.I rarely take time for myself.I have difficulty in keeping my feelings of anger and hostility under control. I have difficulty in managing time wisely.I often have difficulty

8、 sleeping.I am generally in a hurry.I usually feel that there is not enough time in the day to accomplish what I need to do.I often feel that I am being mistreated by friends or associates.I do not regularly perform physical activity. BR2.14Purpose:Directions:Scoring and Interpretation:Number of Yes

9、 Answers Stress Category:Answering yes to any of the questions means that you need to use some form of stress management techniques. Add your yes answers and use the following scale to evaluate the level of stress in your life.Questionnaire BR2.15Purpose:Directions:Scoring and Interpretation:Number

10、of Yes Answers Stress Category:6 - 20 High stress3 - 5 Average stress0 - 2 Low stressQuestionnaire BR3.1Warm-up QuestionsRead the following short passage and discuss the questions. IIBR3.21.What do you think keep people in some countries so busy?2. What might be the acute / major problems facing peo

11、ple today? 3. Compared with peoples life in ancient times, what have new technology, the information explosion and rising economy really brought to us? 1. Tension Physical, mental, emotional2. Health problems Physical, mental and emotional diseases 3. Ecological pollution / Rupture in ozone layer4.

12、Disturbed family relations5. Violence and cruelty6. Corruption / Dishonesty / Immorality7. Drug-addiction8. Neglect of law & order and ethical, moral and social discipline9. Armaments / Nuclear weapons (Militarism) , consumer industries editor of the , where he has been a member of the editorial sta

13、ff since 1983.BR4.1Richard TomkinsFinancial TimesFinancial Times includes business and financial news and analysis. To know it better, log on the following website: http:/ Richard TomkinsBR4.2Technology Many historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential condition of advanced,

14、industrial civilization but also that the rate of technological change has developed its own momentum in recent centuries. Innovations now seem to appear at a rate that increases geometrically, without respect to geographical limits or political systems. These innovations tend to transform tradition

15、al cultural systems, frequently with unexpected social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process.IIBR4.3Stress in the WorkplaceIIGR-main1. Part Division of the Text2. Further UnderstandingFor Part 1For Part 2Global ReadingScanningBlank FillingFor Par

16、t 3For Part 4True or FalseTable CompletionQuestions and AnswersGR1.1Part Division of the TextPartLines Main Ideas 1 2 1474883The author gives three reasons why we feel so time-pressed today.Not every one is time-stressed, and in the case of Americans they have actually gained more free time in the p

17、ast decade. GR1.2Part Division of the TextPartLines Main Ideas 3 4 84106107124The perception of time-famine has triggered a variety of reactions. The author pins down the crux (症症结结) of the problem and puts forward a remedy for the stress we feel. GR_part1_1.1ScanningScan part one and find out three

18、 reasons why we feel so time-pressed today. And make a note of the transitional devices used there.Technology1.2.3._Information explosion_Rising prosperity_Transitional devices:apart, a second reason(Para. 7)_There is another reason(Para. 11) _1.2.GR_part1_2.1Blank Filling Facts are valuable as evid

19、ence that enhances the persuasive force of an argumentative paper. In stating the first reason, the author lists a number of facts to try to convince the readers of the unfavorable effects technology has had on our lives. Now could you find some more supporting facts apart from the one given below,

20、and put them down?GR_part1_2.2The motorcar brings more traffic problems than it promises to solve.The aircraft creates a high demand for time-consuming journeys that we never dreamed of.1._The washing machine, contrary to our expectations, multiplies the hours spent on washing and ironing._Blank Fil

21、lingTechnology produces the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails._Technology eats further into our time by forcing us to handle software glitches on computers and filling our heads with useless information from the Internet._2.3.4.5.6.Instead of making our lives easier, technolog

22、y goes so far as to cram extra work into our leisure time._GR_part2_1.1True or False1. It is convenient to say we are all lacking in time. FIt is too general to say we are all lacking in time.( )2. About 50 percent of people will tell you they never have enough time to get things done. FAbout 50 per

23、cent of unemployed or retired people will tell you they never have enough time to get things done.( )GR_part2_1.2True or False3. In the U.K., working hours have risen only slightly in the last 10 years. T( )4. The gains of free time were unevenly distributed only because different groups of people g

24、ained different amount of free time.FThere is also a gender issue here.( )GR_part3_1.1Fill in the chart with a variety of reactions provoked by the perception of the time famine and the trouble with all these reactions. Pay attention to the transitional devices, too. An attempt to gain the largest p

25、ossible amount of satisfaction from the smallest possible investment of timeTrying to buy time Reaction 1Reaction 2The growth of the work-life debateReaction 3Table CompletionGR_part3_1.2Fill in the chart with a variety of reactions provoked by the perception of the time famine and the trouble with

26、all these reactions. Pay attention to the transitional devices, too. Liberating time is useless if the hours gained are immediately diverted to other purposes.1. One is (Para. 19)2. also(Para. 21)3. A third reaction(Para. 22)TroubleTransitional DevicesTable CompletionGR_part4_1.11. What is the crux

27、of the problem the author points out?The author points out the time stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, but from the too many things we try to do.2. What is remedy for the stress according to the authors opinion?A possible remedy is that we should understand the problem and realize th

28、at it is not more time we need, it is fewer desires.Questions and AnswersAfter reading-Main1. Vocabulary2. Dictation3. Discussion4. Talk about the Pictures5. Writing Practice After Reading Useful ExpressionsScanning6. Proverbs and Quotations After-1.useful-1Useful Expressions1. 吞噬吞噬2. 困于交通堵塞困于交通堵塞3.

29、 越洋购物旅行越洋购物旅行4. 在大多数情况下在大多数情况下5. 使使摆脱摆脱eat intostuck in traffic jamsthe transatlantic shopping expeditionin most casesfree sb. fromAfter-1.useful-26. .个人的穿着打扮个人的穿着打扮7. .处理软件故障处理软件故障 8. .除去技术发展除去技术发展9. .信息爆炸信息爆炸10. .从世界各个角落从世界各个角落personal groomingfix software glitchestechnology apart the information

30、explosionfrom every corner of the world Useful ExpressionsAfter-1.useful-311. .在整个世界学术界在整个世界学术界12. .在在的推动下的推动下13. .适用于适用于14. .预测小组预测小组15. .分配不均匀分配不均匀in the whole world of scholarshipdriven on by apply toforecasting groupbe unevenly distributedUseful ExpressionsAfter-1.useful-416. .抚养子女抚养子女17. .做有报酬的

31、工作做有报酬的工作18. .家务杂活家务杂活19. .越做越大的市场越做越大的市场20. .家政服务家政服务nurture offspring take paying jobshousehold choresa growth marketconcierge servicesUseful Expressions21. .更充分地利用更充分地利用make better use of22. .工业革命工业革命industrial revolution 23. .注定注定be doomed toAfter-1.scanning.11. Scan the text, circle all phrases

32、 containing a hyphen, and then explain their meanings and how they are formed. 1) ever-increasing quantities of time (Para. 1)2) horse-drawn carriage (Para. 3) 3) time-consuming journeys (Para. 4) 4) the laptop-on-the-beach syndrome (Para. 6) 5) feel time-pressed (Para. 7) 6) ever-larger quantities

33、of goods and services (Para. 11)the quantities of time increasing all the timethe carriage drawn by the horsejourneys consuming timethe syndrome caused by going to the beach with a laptopthe quantities of goods and services that become larger and largerfeel the press caused by the lack of time Scann

34、ingAfter-1.scanning.27) be time-starved (Para. 12) 8) the London-based Henley Center (Para. 14) 9) be self-imposed (Para. 14) 10) hour-by-hour logs (Para. 15) 11) the mid-1960s (Para. 16)12) empty-nesters (Para. 17) be lacking in timethe Henley Center with its headquarter located in Londonbe imposed

35、 by ones ownlogs written at different hoursthe middle of the 1960s Scanningpeople without offsprings After-1.scanning.3 Scanning13) pre-school children (Para. 17) 14) on-line retailers (Para. 21) 15) work-life debate (Para. 22) 16) long-hours culture (Para. 22) 17) family-friendly working policies (

36、Para. 22) 18) the cell-phone (Para. 28) children before entering the schoolsretailers shopping on linedebate on “which to choose, work or life”the tradition to increase the working hoursthe policies used in the working places to treat employees in a friendly way like members in a familythe mobile ph

37、oneAfter-1.scanning.42. Make words with the following prefixes or patterns. 1) ever- 2) self- 3) pre- 4) adj. + n. + -ed5) adv. + v. + -ed ever-green, ever-lasting, ever-moreself-control, self-made, self-educatedpre-history, pre-mature, pre-recorded blue-eyed, simple-minded, left-handedwell-informed

38、, much-used, poorly-dressed ScanningAfter-2_dication.1 DictationStudents Offer Insight into Exam-time Stress week means different things to different students. For some students, exams are no sweat (不不费费力力地地). First-year business student Joe Tirpak said, I dont let exams stress me out because Im Im

39、as as I can be. For others, is the key to their exam jitters(神神经经过过敏敏). Second-year marine science student Zac Duval said, Having a year of experience has helped me know how to my time and be well-prepared. Finals_confident_well-prepared_experience_ getting over_schedule_IIAfter-2_dictaion.2Dictatio

40、n Then theres the of students on who acquire that sweaty, wild-eyed look from spending hours hunched (弓弓起起背背部部) over a book under a hot desk lamp. First-year sports management student Steve McMenamin said hes usually one of those students. Im thinking Ill be spending a lot of time on my porch (走走 廊廊

41、) studying, he said. The problem of stress is not a new one.majority_ campus_sleepless_stressed-out_After-3_discussion.1 Read the short passage and discuss the following questions in small groups. IIDiscussionAfter-3_discussion.21. What is your attitude toward desire?2. What motivates us to desire?3

42、. Put forward your opinion about heat of cars and houses purchase among young people. DiscussionAfter-4_pictures.1 Talk about the PicturesAfter-4_pictures.2 Talk about the PicturesClick the picture to return!After-4_pictures.3 Talk about the PicturesClick the picture to return!After-4_pictures.4 Tal

43、k about the PicturesClick the picture to return!After-4_pictures.5 Talk about the PicturesClick the picture to return!After-4_pictures.6 Talk about the PicturesClick the picture to return!After-4_pictures.7 Talk about the PicturesClick the picture to return!After-5_1 Writing Practice1. Look at the c

44、aricature, and A. describe the picture according to a certain order. B. think about the possible morals.2. Write a composition of about 200 words, titled “Health or Wealth?”, based on the following Chinese outline. 1) 提出两种对健康和财富取舍的不同观点。提出两种对健康和财富取舍的不同观点。 2) 列举出支持这两种观点的理由。列举出支持这两种观点的理由。 3) 你的观点。你的观点。

45、 ModelAfter-5_2 Writing PracticeAfter-6_1Proverbs and Quotations 1.The greater wealth is contentment with a little.2.Too much curiosity lost paradise. 3.Better a little fire to warm us, than a great fire to burn us. 4.We always have time enough, if we will but use it aright.5.- Johann Wolfgang von G

46、oethe, German poet人生最大的财富是知足。人生最大的财富是知足。太多好奇心，逐出天堂门。太多好奇心，逐出天堂门。宁要小火烘烤，不要大火烧焦。宁要小火烘烤，不要大火烧焦。只要我们能善用时间，就永远不愁时间不够用。只要我们能善用时间，就永远不愁时间不够用。 - 德国诗人德国诗人 J. W. 歌德歌德 5. We must deal with pleasure as we do with honey, only touch them with the tip of the finger, and not with the whole hand for fear of surfeit.

47、 - Saint Bede, British bishop6. Our life is frittered away by detail. Simplify it, simplify it. - Henry David Thoreau, American writerAfter-6_2Proverbs and Quotations 我们应该像吃蜂蜜那样对待享受，只用指尖蘸，而不是用整只我们应该像吃蜂蜜那样对待享受，只用指尖蘸，而不是用整只手去抓，以免吃得太多。手去抓，以免吃得太多。 - 英国主教英国主教 圣比德圣比德我们的生活都被琐事浪费掉了，简单点，简单点。我们的生活都被琐事浪费掉了，简单点

48、，简单点。 - 美国作家美国作家 H. D. 梭梭罗罗 Article1Old Father Time Becomes a Terror Once upon a time, technology, we thought, would make our lives easier. Machines were expected to do our work for us, leaving us with ever-increasing quantities of time to waste away on idleness and pleasure. But instead of liberati

49、ng us, technology has enslaved us. Innovations are occurring at a bewildering rate: as many now arrive in a year as once arrived in a millennium. And as each invention arrives, it eats further into our time.Article2_S The motorcar, for example, promised unimaginable levels of personal mobility. But

50、now, traffic in cities moves more slowly than it did in the days of the horse-drawn carriage, and we waste our lives stuck in traffic jams. The aircraft promised new horizons, too. The trouble is, it delivered them. Its very existence created a demand for time-consuming journeys that we would never

51、previously have dreamed of undertaking - the transatlantic shopping expedition, for example, or the trip to a convention on the other side of the world.Article3 In most cases, technology has not saved time, but enabled us to do more things. In the home, washing machines promised to free women from h

52、aving to toil over the laundry. In reality, they encouraged us to change our clothes daily instead of weekly, creating seven times as much washing and ironing. Similarly, the weekly bath has been replaced by the daily shower, multiplying the hours spent on personal grooming. Meanwhile, technology ha

53、s not only allowed work to spread into our leisure time - the laptop-on-the-beach syndrome - but added the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails. It has also provided us with the opportunity to spend hours fixing software glitches on our personal computers or filling our heads wit

54、h useless information from the Internet.Article4 Technology apart, the Internet points the way to a second reason why we feel so time-pressed: the information explosion. A couple of centuries ago, nearly all the worlds accumulated learning could be contained in the heads of a few philosophers. Today

55、, those heads could not hope to accommodate more than a tiny fraction of the information generated in a single day. Article5_S News, facts and opinions pour in from every corner of the world. The television set offers 150 channels. There are millions of Internet sites. Magazines, books and CD-ROMs p

56、roliferate. “In the whole world of scholarship, there were only a handful of scientific journals in the 18th century, and the publication of a book was an event,” says Edward Wilson, honorary curator in entomology at Harvard Universitys museum of comparative zoology. “Now, I find myself subscribing

57、to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.”Article6_S There is another reason for our increased time stress levels, too: rising prosperity. As ever-larger quantities of goods and services are produced, they

58、 have to be consumed. Driven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: we buy more, travel more and play more, but we struggle to keep up. So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance - the confusion of endless choice. Of course, not everyone is overstressed. “Its a conveni

59、ent shorthand to say were all time-starved, but we have to remember that it only applies to, say, half the population,” says Michael Willmott, director of the Future Foundation, a London research company.Article7 “Youve got people retiring early, youve got the unemployed, youve got other people mayb

60、e only peripherally involved in the economy who dont have this situation at all. If youre unemployed, your problem is that youve got too much time, not too little.” Paul Edwards, chairman of the London-based Henley Centre forecasting group, points out that the feeling ofpressures can also be exagger

61、ated, or self-imposed. “Everyone talks about it so much that about 50 percent of unemployed or retired people will tell you they never have enough time to get things done,” he says. Article8_S “Its almost got to the point where theres stress envy. If youre not stressed, youre not succeeding. Everyon

62、e wants to have a little bit of this stress to show theyre an important person.” There is another aspect to all of this too. Hour-by-hour logs kept by thousands of volunteers over the decades have shown that, in the U.K., working hours have risen only slightly in the last 10 years, and in the U.S.,

63、they have actually fallen - even for those in professional and executive jobs, where the perceptions of stress are highest.Article9_S In the U.S., John Robinson, professor of sociology at the University of Maryland, and Geoffrey Godbey, professor of leisure studies at Penn State University found tha

64、t, since the mid-1960s, the average American had gained five hours a week in free time - that is, time left after working, sleeping, commuting, caring for children and doing the chores. The gains, however, were unevenly distributed. The people who benefited the most were singles and empty-nesters. T

65、hose who gained the least - less than an hour -were working couples with pre-school children, perhaps reflecting the trend for parents to spend more time nurturing their offspring.Article10_S There is, of course, a gender issue here, too. Advances in household appliances may have encouraged women to

66、 take paying jobs: but as we have already noted, technology didnot end household chores. As a result, we see appalling inequalities in the distribution of free time between the sexes. According to the Henley Centre, working fathers in the U. K. average 48 hours of free time a week. Working mothers g

67、et 14.Article11_S Inequalities apart, the perception of the time famine is widespread, and has provoked a variety of reactions. One is an attempt to gain the largest possible amount of satisfaction from the smallest possible investment of time. People today want fast food, sound bytes and instant gr

68、atification. And they become upset when time is wasted. “People talk about quality time. They want perfect moments,” says the Henley Centres Edwards. “If you take your kids to a movie and McDonalds and its not perfect, youve wasted an afternoon, and its a sense that youve lost something precious. If

69、 you lose some money you can earn some more, but if you waste time you can never get it back.” Article12_S People are also trying to buy time. Anything that helps streamline our lives is a growth market. One example is what Americans call concierge services - domestic help, childcare, gardening and

70、decorating. And on-line retailers are seeing big increases in sales - though not, as yet, profits. A third reaction to time famine has been the growth of the work-life debate. You hear more about people taking early retirement or giving up high pressure jobs in favour of occupations with shorter wor

71、king hours. And bodies such as Britains National Work-Life Forum have sprung up, urging employers to end the long-hours culture among managers and to adopt family-friendly working policies. As Godbey points out, the stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, but from the surfeit of things we

72、 try to cram into it. “Its the kid in the candy store,” he says. “Theres just so many good things to do. The array of choices is stunning. Our free time is increasing, but not as fast as our sense of the necessary.”Article13_S The trouble with all these reactions is that liberating time - whether by

73、 making better use of it, buying it from others or reducing the amount spent at work - is futile if the hours gained are immediately diverted to other purposes.Article14 A more successful remedy may lie in understanding the problem rather than evading it. Before the industrial revolution, people liv

74、ed in small communities with limited communications. Within the confines of their village, they could reasonably expect to know everything that was to be known, see everything that was to be seen, and do everything that was to be done. Today, being curious by nature, we are still trying to do the sa

75、me. But the global village is a world of limitless possibilities, and we can never achieve our aim. It is not more time we need: it is fewer desires. We need to switch off the cell-phone and leave the children to play by themselves. We need to buy less, read less and travel less. We need to set boun

76、daries for ourselves, or be doomed to mounting despair.Article1_WOld Father Time Becomes a Terror Once upon a time, technology, we thought, would make our lives easier. Machines were expected to do our work for us, leaving us with ever-increasing quantities of time to waste away on idleness and plea

77、sure. But instead of liberating us, technology has enslaved us. Innovations are occurring at a bewildering rate: as many now arrive in a year as once arrived in a millennium. And as each invention arrives, it eats further into our time.Article1_W_popwin_quantities ofOld Father Time Becomes a Terror

78、Once upon a time, technology, we thought, would make our lives easier. Machines were expected to do our work for us, leaving us with ever-increasing quantities of time to waste away on idleness and pleasure. But instead of liberating us, technology has enslaved us. Innovations are occurring at a bew

79、ildering rate: as many now arrive in a year as once arrived in a millennium. And as each invention arrives, it eats further into our time.quantities of: a large amount of The key to staying healthy and strong when backpacking (挑挑运运) is to eat large quantities of energy-rich foods. In cold weather mo

80、st animals must eat large quantities of food to obtain the energy needed to carry on normal body activities. 在寒冷的冬天，大部分动物必须通过吃大量的食物来获得维持正常生命在寒冷的冬天，大部分动物必须通过吃大量的食物来获得维持正常生命活动的能量。活动的能量。Collocation: a large quantity of大量的大量的Article1_W_popwin_eat intoOld Father Time Becomes a Terror Once upon a time, te

81、chnology, we thought, would make our lives easier. Machines were expected to do our work for us, leaving us with ever-increasing quantities of time to waste away on idleness and pleasure. But instead of liberating us, technology has enslaved us. Innovations are occurring at a bewildering rate: as ma

82、ny now arrive in a year as once arrived in a millennium. And as each invention arrives, it eats further into our time.eat into: gradually reduce the amount of (sth. valuable); damage or destroy Acid eats into the metal, damaging its surface.Collocation: eat out of吃光吃光His extravagances ate into his i

83、nheritances. The aircraft promised new horizons, too. The trouble is, it delivered them. Its very existence created a demand for time-consuming journeys that we would never previously have dreamed of undertaking - the transatlantic shopping expedition, for example, or the trip to a convention on the

84、 other side of the world.Article2_S_popwin_The trouble The motorcar, for example, promised unimaginable levels of personal mobility. But now, traffic in cities moves more slowly than it did in the days of the horse-drawn carriage, and we waste our lives stuck in traffic jams. 1.What do “deliver” and

85、 “them” here refer to?2.What does “trouble” imply?“Deliver” means to provide or to bring, “them” here refers to “horizons”.It implies the unfavorable effect of the invention of aircraft, that is, people, driven on by new horizons, would like to spend more time on time-consuming journeys. Article3_W

86、In most cases, technology has not saved time, but enabled us to do more things. In the home, washing machines promised to free women from having to toil over the laundry. In reality, they encouraged us to change our clothes daily instead of weekly, creating seven times as much washing and ironing. S

87、imilarly, the weekly bath has been replaced by the daily shower, multiplying the hours spent on personal grooming. Meanwhile, technology has not only allowed work to spread into our leisure time - the laptop-on-the-beach syndrome - but added the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemai

88、ls. It has also provided us with the opportunity to spend hours fixing software glitches on our personal computers or filling our heads with useless information from the Internet.Article3_W_popwin_in reality In most cases, technology has not saved time, but enabled us to do more things. In the home,

89、 washing machines promised to free women from having to toil over the laundry. In reality, they encouraged us to change our clothes daily instead of weekly, creating seven times as much washing and ironing. Similarly, the weekly bath has been replaced by the daily shower, multiplying the hours spent

90、 on personal grooming. Meanwhile, technology has not only allowed work to spread into our leisure time - the laptop-on-the-beach syndrome - but added the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails. It has also provided us with the opportunity to spend hours fixing software glitches on

91、our personal computers or filling our heads with useless information from the Internet.He became that countrys ruler both in name and reality. in reality: in actual fact; really Some famous private schools are theoretically open to the public, but in reality are attended by those who can afford the

92、fees. Collocation:accept reality承认事实承认事实deny reality否认事实否认事实face reality面对事实面对事实 In most cases, technology has not saved time, but enabled us to do more things. In the home, washing machines promised to free women from having to toil over the laundry. In reality, they encouraged us to change our clo

93、thes daily instead of weekly, creating seven times as much washing and ironing. Similarly, the weekly bath has been replaced by the daily shower, multiplying the hours spent on personal grooming. Meanwhile, technology has not only allowed work to spread into our leisure time - the laptop-on-the-beac

94、h syndrome - but added the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails. It has also provided us with the opportunity to spend hours fixing software glitches on our personal computers or filling our heads with useless information from the Internet.Article3_W_popwin_multiply1Fear multipli

95、es the difficulties of life.In a few minutes people in the square multiplied into thousands.multiply: v.2) add a number to itself a particular number of times Multiplying large quantities in ones head has become a lost art since the arrival of the calculator.我们可以将高乘以宽以求出面积。我们可以将高乘以宽以求出面积。We could mu

96、ltiply the height by the width to determine the area.1) increase in number or quantity In most cases, technology has not saved time, but enabled us to do more things. In the home, washing machines promised to free women from having to toil over the laundry. In reality, they encouraged us to change o

97、ur clothes daily instead of weekly, creating seven times as much washing and ironing. Similarly, the weekly bath has been replaced by the daily shower, multiplying the hours spent on personal grooming. Meanwhile, technology has not only allowed work to spread into our leisure time - the laptop-on-th

98、e-beach syndrome - but added the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails. It has also provided us with the opportunity to spend hours fixing software glitches on our personal computers or filling our heads with useless information from the Internet.Article3_W_popwin_multiply2multipl

99、y, increase & add这几个词都是动词，都有这几个词都是动词，都有“增加增加”、“增大增大”之意。之意。multiply 常指自然生殖或同类事物的不断重复而造成的增加，也可以指大幅常指自然生殖或同类事物的不断重复而造成的增加，也可以指大幅 度或成倍的增加。例如度或成倍的增加。例如：Rabbits multiply rapidly. 兔子繁殖很快。兔子繁殖很快。The volume of trade between the two countries has been increasing each year.两国间的贸易额每年都在递增。两国间的贸易额每年都在递增。increase

100、是最普通的用语，表示通过增加数量或自然增大而在数目、规模是最普通的用语，表示通过增加数量或自然增大而在数目、规模、 分量、程度等方面的增长，常含有递进性或按比例增加之意分量、程度等方面的增长，常含有递进性或按比例增加之意。例。例 如：如：CF: In most cases, technology has not saved time, but enabled us to do more things. In the home, washing machines promised to free women from having to toil over the laundry. In rea

101、lity, they encouraged us to change our clothes daily instead of weekly, creating seven times as much washing and ironing. Similarly, the weekly bath has been replaced by the daily shower, multiplying the hours spent on personal grooming. Meanwhile, technology has not only allowed work to spread into

102、 our leisure time - the laptop-on-the-beach syndrome - but added the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails. It has also provided us with the opportunity to spend hours fixing software glitches on our personal computers or filling our heads with useless information from the Interne

103、t.Article3_W_popwin_multiply3add 主要指通过添加而导致在数量、大小、重要性方面的增加主要指通过添加而导致在数量、大小、重要性方面的增加。add 常常 与介词与介词to 连用。例如：连用。例如：That was adding fuel to the fire. 这正是火上加油。这正是火上加油。The facts added together to build up an indisputable theory.这些事实综合起来，构成了一个无可争辩的理由。这些事实综合起来，构成了一个无可争辩的理由。Article5_S_popwin_Now News, facts

104、and opinions pour in from every corner of the world. The television set offers 150 channels. There are millions of Internet sites. Magazines, books and CD-ROMs proliferate. “In the whole world of scholarship, there were only a handful of scientific journals in the 18th century, and the publication o

105、f a book was an event,” says Edward Wilson, honorary curator in entomology at Harvard Universitys museum of comparative zoology. “Now, I find myself subscribing to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.”1.

106、Paraphrase “the expanding frontiers of scholarship”.2.What is the purpose for the author to quote this sentence? the ever-advancing development in the new field of academyThe purpose is to give us a more vivid picture about the information explosion.Article5_W News, facts and opinions pour in from e

107、very corner of the world. The television set offers 150 channels. There are millions of Internet sites. Magazines, books and CD-ROMs proliferate. “In the whole world of scholarship, there were only a handful of scientific journals in the 18th century, and the publication of a book was an event,” say

108、s Edward Wilson, honorary curator in entomology at Harvard Universitys museum of comparative zoology. “Now, I find myself subscribing to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.” News, facts and opinions pou

109、r in from every corner of the world. The television set offers 150 channels. There are millions of Internet sites. Magazines, books and CD-ROMs proliferate. “In the whole world of scholarship, there were only a handful of scientific journals in the 18th century, and the publication of a book was an

110、event,” says Edward Wilson, honorary curator in entomology at Harvard Universitys museum of comparative zoology. “Now, I find myself subscribing to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.”Article5_W_popwin_

111、pour in pour in: go into a place quickly and in large numbersMessages of congratulation came pouring in.Many football fans poured into the stadium to have a look at their favorite football players.Collocation:pour down沿沿流下流下pour from从从流下流下pour into流进流进 News, facts and opinions pour in from every cor

112、ner of the world. The television set offers 150 channels. There are millions of Internet sites. Magazines, books and CD-ROMs proliferate. “In the whole world of scholarship, there were only a handful of scientific journals in the 18th century, and the publication of a book was an event,” says Edward

113、 Wilson, honorary curator in entomology at Harvard Universitys museum of comparative zoology. “Now, I find myself subscribing to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.”Article5_W_popwin_comparativecomparat

114、ive: adj. involving comparison or comparingSome sociologists have carried out large-scale historical-comparative studies. Ethology is a science concerned with the comparative study of animal behavior. News, facts and opinions pour in from every corner of the world. The television set offers 150 chan

115、nels. There are millions of Internet sites. Magazines, books and CD-ROMs proliferate. “In the whole world of scholarship, there were only a handful of scientific journals in the 18th century, and the publication of a book was an event,” says Edward Wilson, honorary curator in entomology at Harvard U

116、niversitys museum of comparative zoology. “Now, I find myself subscribing to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.”Article5_W_popwin_amount toamount to: be equal to; add up toIn 1959 the combined value of

117、 U.S. imports and exports amounted to less than 9 percent of the countrys gross domestic products.这就等于要把整件事重做一遍。这就等于要把整件事重做一遍。This amounts to doing the whole thing over again. News, facts and opinions pour in from every corner of the world. The television set offers 150 channels. There are millions

118、of Internet sites. Magazines, books and CD-ROMs proliferate. “In the whole world of scholarship, there were only a handful of scientific journals in the 18th century, and the publication of a book was an event,” says Edward Wilson, honorary curator in entomology at Harvard Universitys museum of comp

119、arative zoology. “Now, I find myself subscribing to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.”Article5_W_popwin_minute1 minute: adj. very small in size or amountA minute examination revealed small flecks (斑点斑

120、点) of blood on the coat.The kitchen is minute, with barely room for two people to turn around.minute, small & little 这几个词都是形容词，都有这几个词都是形容词，都有“小的小的”之意。之意。minute 意思是意思是“很小的很小的”、“细微的细微的”，在本组词中算是，在本组词中算是“最小的最小的”。small 指大小、重量、数量、规模、力量、重要性等方面指大小、重量、数量、规模、力量、重要性等方面“小的小的”、“少少 的的”。little 没有没有真正的比较级和最高级，它经常暗示

121、所谈及的人、物小得可真正的比较级和最高级，它经常暗示所谈及的人、物小得可 爱爱。而。而small就没有这种含义，它多表示比较，是就没有这种含义，它多表示比较，是相对而言的。相对而言的。CF: News, facts and opinions pour in from every corner of the world. The television set offers 150 channels. There are millions of Internet sites. Magazines, books and CD-ROMs proliferate. “In the whole world

122、 of scholarship, there were only a handful of scientific journals in the 18th century, and the publication of a book was an event,” says Edward Wilson, honorary curator in entomology at Harvard Universitys museum of comparative zoology. “Now, I find myself subscribing to 60 or 70 journals or magazin

123、es just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.”Article5_W_popwin_minute2Fill in the blanks with the following words. 1. He is a man, only one point five meters tall.2. His writing is . 3. What a nice garden!4. There is a bird in the tree.5.

124、There are particles of gold dust on the ground.6. You made one or two mistakes.small_minute_little_minute_little_small_minute, small & little News, facts and opinions pour in from every corner of the world. The television set offers 150 channels. There are millions of Internet sites. Magazines, book

125、s and CD-ROMs proliferate. “In the whole world of scholarship, there were only a handful of scientific journals in the 18th century, and the publication of a book was an event,” says Edward Wilson, honorary curator in entomology at Harvard Universitys museum of comparative zoology. “Now, I find myse

126、lf subscribing to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.”Article5_W_popwin_ frontier1To open up the space frontier, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)( （美国）国家航空和宇宙航行局（美国）国家航空和宇宙航行局) will

127、try to lower the cost of access to Earth orbit.the frontiers of medicine frontier: n. 2) border between two countries1)(usu. pl) extreme limit of an area of knowledge or a particular activity News, facts and opinions pour in from every corner of the world. The television set offers 150 channels. The

128、re are millions of Internet sites. Magazines, books and CD-ROMs proliferate. “In the whole world of scholarship, there were only a handful of scientific journals in the 18th century, and the publication of a book was an event,” says Edward Wilson, honorary curator in entomology at Harvard University

129、s museum of comparative zoology. “Now, I find myself subscribing to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.”Article5_W_popwin_ frontier2瑞典的边界与挪威、芬兰相连。瑞典的边界与挪威、芬兰相连。Sweden has frontiers with Norway and Finla

130、nd.Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world, with a height of 8,848 m (29,035 ft), rises in the Himalayas on the frontier of Nepal (尼尼泊泊尔尔) and China. Article6_W There is another reason for our increased time stress levels, too: rising prosperity. As ever-larger quantities of goods and se

131、rvices are produced, they have to be consumed. Driven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: we buy more, travel more and play more, but we struggle to keep up. So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance - the confusion of endless choice. Of course, not everyone is ove

132、rstressed. “Its a convenient shorthand to say were all time-starved, but we have to remember that it only applies to, say, half the population,” says Michael Willmott, director of the Future Foundation, a London research company. There is another reason for our increased time stress levels, too: ris

133、ing prosperity. As ever-larger quantities of goods and services are produced, they have to be consumed. Driven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: we buy more, travel more and play more, but we struggle to keep up. So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance - the co

134、nfusion of endless choice. Of course, not everyone is overstressed. “Its a convenient shorthand to say were all time-starved, but we have to remember that it only applies to, say, half the population,” says Michael Willmott, director of the Future Foundation, a London research company.Article6_S_pop

135、win_So we 1. What does “super abundance” refer to?2. What can we infer from the sentence?It refers to the a quantity of goods and services.The quantity of goods and services is too much, it is endless, and whats more, it increases our time stress levels. There is another reason for our increased tim

136、e stress levels, too: rising prosperity. As ever-larger quantities of goods and services are produced, they have to be consumed. Driven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: we buy more, travel more and play more, but we struggle to keep up. So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with

137、 super abundance - the confusion of endless choice. Of course, not everyone is overstressed. “Its a convenient shorthand to say were all time-starved, but we have to remember that it only applies to, say, half the population,” says Michael Willmott, director of the Future Foundation, a London resear

138、ch company.Article6_W_popwin_stressPopulation growth and pollution place enormous stress on the worlds supply of usable water.他的压力很大因为他的工作太多了。他的压力很大因为他的工作太多了。stress:2. vt. put stress, pressure, or strain on1. n. pressure or worry resulting from mental or physical distress, difficult circumstances, e

139、tc. (followed by on)He is under stress because he has too much work to do.A person who is stressed typically has anxious thoughts and difficulty concentrating or remembering. I must stress that what I say is confidential.Collocation:lay / put / place stress on / upon着重于，把重点放在着重于，把重点放在上上 There is ano

140、ther reason for our increased time stress levels, too: rising prosperity. As ever-larger quantities of goods and services are produced, they have to be consumed. Driven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: we buy more, travel more and play more, but we struggle to keep up. So we suffer from

141、what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance - the confusion of endless choice. Of course, not everyone is overstressed. “Its a convenient shorthand to say were all time-starved, but we have to remember that it only applies to, say, half the population,” says Michael Willmott, director of the F

142、uture Foundation, a London research company.Article6_W_popwin_prosperityWar brings no prosperity to the great mass of ordinary citizens.Some people argue that globalization will bring the prosperity so far enjoyed only by wealthy industrialized nations to the developing countries. prosperity: n. sta

143、te of being economically successful; state of being successful or rich There is another reason for our increased time stress levels, too: rising prosperity. As ever-larger quantities of goods and services are produced, they have to be consumed. Driven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: we

144、buy more, travel more and play more, but we struggle to keep up. So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance - the confusion of endless choice. Of course, not everyone is overstressed. “Its a convenient shorthand to say were all time-starved, but we have to remember that it o

145、nly applies to, say, half the population,” says Michael Willmott, director of the Future Foundation, a London research company.Article6_W_popwin_oblige1Please oblige me by leaving me alone.请给我一根火柴，好吗？请给我一根火柴，好吗？oblige:2) force (someone to do something) (usu. used in the passive voice)1. vt. 1) do (s

146、omeone) a favorCould you oblige me with a match?In certain countries the law obliges parents to send their children to school. He felt obliged to leave after such an unpleasant argument. There is another reason for our increased time stress levels, too: rising prosperity. As ever-larger quantities o

147、f goods and services are produced, they have to be consumed. Driven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: we buy more, travel more and play more, but we struggle to keep up. So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance - the confusion of endless choice. Of course, not e

148、veryone is overstressed. “Its a convenient shorthand to say were all time-starved, but we have to remember that it only applies to, say, half the population,” says Michael Willmott, director of the Future Foundation, a London research company.Article6_W_popwin_oblige22. vi. polite to do (someone) a

149、favorCollocation:oblige by答应做答应做使满足使满足oblige with以以使满足使满足We are happy to oblige.请唱支歌，好吗请唱支歌，好吗？Will you oblige with a song? There is another reason for our increased time stress levels, too: rising prosperity. As ever-larger quantities of goods and services are produced, they have to be consumed. Dr

150、iven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: we buy more, travel more and play more, but we struggle to keep up. So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance - the confusion of endless choice. Of course, not everyone is overstressed. “Its a convenient shorthand to say wer

151、e all time-starved, but we have to remember that it only applies to, say, half the population,” says Michael Willmott, director of the Future Foundation, a London research company.Article6_W_popwin_abundance1Most milk consists of an abundance of the major nutrients needed by the body for good health

152、.abundance: n. quantity that is more than enough; plenty She had an abundance of very black hair.Collocation:an abundance of大量的大量的in abundance富有富有of abundance富裕的富裕的By the mid-15th century paper was available in abundance.a life of abundance 富裕的生活富裕的生活abundance, plenty & profusion这三个词都是名词，都有这三个词都是名词，

153、都有“大量大量”之意之意。CF: There is another reason for our increased time stress levels, too: rising prosperity. As ever-larger quantities of goods and services are produced, they have to be consumed. Driven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: we buy more, travel more and play more, but we struggle t

154、o keep up. So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance - the confusion of endless choice. Of course, not everyone is overstressed. “Its a convenient shorthand to say were all time-starved, but we have to remember that it only applies to, say, half the population,” says Michae

155、l Willmott, director of the Future Foundation, a London research company.Article6_W_popwin_abundance1abundance 常常指数量很多，超过需要。例如指数量很多，超过需要。例如：At the feast there was food and drink in abundance.宴会上有大量的食物和饮料。宴会上有大量的食物和饮料。plenty 指数量很多，超过期望。例如指数量很多，超过期望。例如：The occasion was celebrated with plenty of festiv

156、ities.欢度那个节日举行了许多庆祝活动。欢度那个节日举行了许多庆祝活动。profusion 指数量很大，并含有过多之指数量很大，并含有过多之意意。例如例如：Seldom have I seen food and drink served in such profusion.我很少见过供应这样丰富的食物和饮料。我很少见过供应这样丰富的食物和饮料。 There is another reason for our increased time stress levels, too: rising prosperity. As ever-larger quantities of goods and

157、 services are produced, they have to be consumed. Driven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: we buy more, travel more and play more, but we struggle to keep up. So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance - the confusion of endless choice. Of course, not everyone is

158、overstressed. “Its a convenient shorthand to say were all time-starved, but we have to remember that it only applies to, say, half the population,” says Michael Willmott, director of the Future Foundation, a London research company.Article6_W_popwin_confusionThere is still confusion about the number

159、 of casualties.为了避免混淆，各队穿了不同颜色的衣服。为了避免混淆，各队穿了不同颜色的衣服。confusion: n. bewilderment or embarrassment To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colors.Article7_W “Youve got people retiring early, youve got the unemployed, youve got other people maybe only peripherally involved in the economy who dont

160、have this situation at all. If youre unemployed, your problem is that youve got too much time, not too little.” Paul Edwards, chairman of the London-based Henley Centre forecasting group, points out that the feeling ofpressures can also be exaggerated, or self-imposed. “Everyone talks about it so mu

161、ch that about 50 percent of unemployed or retired people will tell you they never have enough time to get things done,” he says. Article7_W_popwin_forecasting1 “Youve got people retiring early, youve got the unemployed, youve got other people maybe only peripherally involved in the economy who dont

162、have this situation at all. If youre unemployed, your problem is that youve got too much time, not too little.” Paul Edwards, chairman of the London-based Henley Centre forecasting group, points out that the feeling ofpressures can also be exaggerated, or self-imposed. “Everyone talks about it so mu

163、ch that about 50 percent of unemployed or retired people will tell you they never have enough time to get things done,” he says. The means of forecasting natural disasters, such as floods and hurricanes, have improved immensely as science and technology have advanced.forecast: 2. n. a statement of f

164、uture events, based on some kind of knowledge or judgement1. v. tell in advance; predictThe newspapers forecast that the senator (议员议员) would be elected again was right.Did you listen to the weather forecast on the radio?May it turn out as I forecasted?forecast, foretell & predict这几个词都是动词，均有这几个词都是动词

165、，均有“预言预言”、“预示预示”、“预告预告”之意。之意。forecast 指根据已知可能的发展进程或将来的情况作出大概的预测指根据已知可能的发展进程或将来的情况作出大概的预测， 尤适用于天气预报例如尤适用于天气预报例如：CF: Article7_W_popwin_forecasting2 “Youve got people retiring early, youve got the unemployed, youve got other people maybe only peripherally involved in the economy who dont have this situ

166、ation at all. If youre unemployed, your problem is that youve got too much time, not too little.” Paul Edwards, chairman of the London-based Henley Centre forecasting group, points out that the feeling ofpressures can also be exaggerated, or self-imposed. “Everyone talks about it so much that about

167、50 percent of unemployed or retired people will tell you they never have enough time to get things done,” he says. Experts have forecast an upturn in the stock market.He foretells events form the flights of birds. The weatherman was unable to forecast the weather more than three days in advance. for

168、etell 是普通用语，原带有迷信色彩，表示预言注定的命运，但现在是普通用语，原带有迷信色彩，表示预言注定的命运，但现在 这种色彩逐渐消失，主语可以是人或物。例如：这种色彩逐渐消失，主语可以是人或物。例如：专家们预测证券市场行情看涨。专家们预测证券市场行情看涨。气象员不能预报出三天以后的天气情况。气象员不能预报出三天以后的天气情况。他能从鸟的飞行来预测事件。他能从鸟的飞行来预测事件。Who can foretell what will happen? 谁能预言将会发生什么事呢？谁能预言将会发生什么事呢？Article7_W_popwin_forecasting3 “Youve got peop

169、le retiring early, youve got the unemployed, youve got other people maybe only peripherally involved in the economy who dont have this situation at all. If youre unemployed, your problem is that youve got too much time, not too little.” Paul Edwards, chairman of the London-based Henley Centre foreca

170、sting group, points out that the feeling ofpressures can also be exaggerated, or self-imposed. “Everyone talks about it so much that about 50 percent of unemployed or retired people will tell you they never have enough time to get things done,” he says. Who can predict how the elections will turn ou

171、t?谁能预测选举的结果将会怎样？谁能预测选举的结果将会怎样？predict 较为较为正式，语气比正式，语气比forecast强烈，指从已知事实推断强烈，指从已知事实推断或根据或根据 自然自然定律断定未来的事情，其准确度不一，可以定律断定未来的事情，其准确度不一，可以和和foretell 互换，但互换，但主语只能是人。例如主语只能是人。例如： “Its almost got to the point where theres stress envy. If youre not stressed, youre not succeeding. Everyone wants to have a lit

172、tle bit of this stress to show theyre an important person.” There is another aspect to all of this too. Hour-by-hour logs kept by thousands of volunteers over the decades have shown that, in the U.K., working hours have risen only slightly in the last 10 years, and in the U.S., they have actually fa

173、llen - even for those in professional and executive jobs, where the perceptions of stress are highest.Article8_S_popwin_Its almost1. What does “stress envy” mean?2. Why does the author mention the “stress envy”?3. Translate the sentence into Chinese.If you are not stressed, that shows you are not ve

174、ry successful.To make his argument comprehensive and more convincing, the author revealed the fact that not everyone is overstressed though 50 percent of unemployed or retired people tell you they never have enough time to get things done.这几乎到了羡慕压力的程度。这几乎到了羡慕压力的程度。Article8_W “Its almost got to the p

175、oint where theres stress envy. If youre not stressed, youre not succeeding. Everyone wants to have a little bit of this stress to show theyre an important person.” There is another aspect to all of this too. Hour-by-hour logs kept by thousands of volunteers over the decades have shown that, in the U

176、.K., working hours have risen only slightly in the last 10 years, and in the U.S., they have actually fallen - even for those in professional and executive jobs, where the perceptions of stress are highest.Article8_W_popwin_volunteers “Its almost got to the point where theres stress envy. If youre n

177、ot stressed, youre not succeeding. Everyone wants to have a little bit of this stress to show theyre an important person.” There is another aspect to all of this too. Hour-by-hour logs kept by thousands of volunteers over the decades have shown that, in the U.K., working hours have risen only slight

178、ly in the last 10 years, and in the U.S., they have actually fallen - even for those in professional and executive jobs, where the perceptions of stress are highest.Some students served as volunteers to help the old and disabled in the community in their spare time.volunteer: 2. v. offer ones servic

179、es or help without payment1. n. person who offers to do sth. without being compelled or paid He volunteered to do whatever he could for them.The charity agency will recruit (征募征募) volunteers to build affordable housing for the poor.二战爆发时，他以志愿兵身份参加海军陆战队。二战爆发时，他以志愿兵身份参加海军陆战队。When World War Two broke o

180、ut, he volunteered for the Marine Corps.Article8_W_popwin_perceptions “Its almost got to the point where theres stress envy. If youre not stressed, youre not succeeding. Everyone wants to have a little bit of this stress to show theyre an important person.” There is another aspect to all of this too

181、. Hour-by-hour logs kept by thousands of volunteers over the decades have shown that, in the U.K., working hours have risen only slightly in the last 10 years, and in the U.S., they have actually fallen - even for those in professional and executive jobs, where the perceptions of stress are highest.

182、Aesthetics (美美学学) is a branch of philosophy concerned with the essence and perception of beauty and ugliness. perception: n. way of seeing or understanding sth.; ability to notice and understand thingsHis perception is very good.Article9_S_popwin_The gains In the U.S., John Robinson, professor of so

183、ciology at the University of Maryland, and Geoffrey Godbey, professor of leisure studies at Penn State University found that, since the mid-1960s, the average American had gained five hours a week in free time - that is, time left after working, sleeping, commuting, caring for children and doing the

184、 chores. The gains, however, were unevenly distributed. The people who benefited the most were singles and empty-nesters. Those who gained the least - less than an hour -were working couples with pre-school children, perhaps reflecting the trend for parents to spend more time nurturing their offspri

185、ng.1. What does “the gains” refer to?2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.但增加的时间分配得并不均匀。但增加的时间分配得并不均匀。“The gains” refers to the five hours a week Americans had gained as their free time.Article9_W In the U.S., John Robinson, professor of sociology at the University of Maryland, and Geoffrey Godbey

186、, professor of leisure studies at Penn State University found that, since the mid-1960s, the average American had gained five hours a week in free time - that is, time left after working, sleeping, commuting, caring for children and doing the chores. The gains, however, were unevenly distributed. Th

187、e people who benefited the most were singles and empty-nesters. Those who gained the least - less than an hour -were working couples with pre-school children, perhaps reflecting the trend for parents to spend more time nurturing their offspring.Article9_W_popwin_nurturing1 In the U.S., John Robinson

188、, professor of sociology at the University of Maryland, and Geoffrey Godbey, professor of leisure studies at Penn State University found that, since the mid-1960s, the average American had gained five hours a week in free time - that is, time left after working, sleeping, commuting, caring for child

189、ren and doing the chores. The gains, however, were unevenly distributed. The people who benefited the most were singles and empty-nesters. Those who gained the least - less than an hour -were working couples with pre-school children, perhaps reflecting the trend for parents to spend more time nurtur

190、ing their offspring.Parents want to know the best way to nurture and raise their child to adulthood.nurture: vt. care for and educate (a child); encourage the growth of (sth.); nourish The local government has taken measures to nurture the state-run factories.nurture, feed & supply这几个词都是动词，都有这几个词都是动

191、词，都有“供养供养”之意。之意。nurture 表示在幼儿、幼苗的成长过程中予以细心照料、保护表示在幼儿、幼苗的成长过程中予以细心照料、保护。feed 不仅表示喂养人、动物，实际上有时表示喂入嘴中，还表示给植物不仅表示喂养人、动物，实际上有时表示喂入嘴中，还表示给植物 提供养分。广义上，它指为任何人或物提供所需外来养分。提供养分。广义上，它指为任何人或物提供所需外来养分。supply 表示供给所需物品。表示供给所需物品。CF: Article9_W_popwin_nurturing2 In the U.S., John Robinson, professor of sociology at t

192、he University of Maryland, and Geoffrey Godbey, professor of leisure studies at Penn State University found that, since the mid-1960s, the average American had gained five hours a week in free time - that is, time left after working, sleeping, commuting, caring for children and doing the chores. The

193、 gains, however, were unevenly distributed. The people who benefited the most were singles and empty-nesters. Those who gained the least - less than an hour -were working couples with pre-school children, perhaps reflecting the trend for parents to spend more time nurturing their offspring.Fill in t

194、he blanks with the following words and change the form where necessary.1. The farmers wife cattle and sheep every morning.2. The government free books to schools.3. These are the plants in the greenhouse.4. We want to the new project, not destroy it.5. He has a large family to . 6. He kept me well w

195、ith cups of coffee while I wrote the report.feeds_supplies_nurtured_nurture_feed_supplied_ nurture, feed & supplyArticle10_S_popwin_As a result There is, of course, a gender issue here, too. Advances in household appliances may have encouraged women to take paying jobs: but as we have already noted,

196、 technology didnot end household chores. As a result, we see appalling inequalities in the distribution of free time between the sexes. According to the Henley Centre, working fathers in the U. K. average 48 hours of free time a week. Working mothers get 14.1. What does “appalling” mean?2. What can

197、we learn from the sentence?The advances in household appliances havent set women free from household chores.“Appalling” means “amazing, surprising”.Article10_W There is, of course, a gender issue here, too. Advances in household appliances may have encouraged women to take paying jobs: but as we hav

198、e already noted, technology didnot end household chores. As a result, we see appalling inequalities in the distribution of free time between the sexes. According to the Henley Centre, working fathers in the U. K. average 48 hours of free time a week. Working mothers get 14.Article10_W_popwin_distrib

199、ution There is, of course, a gender issue here, too. Advances in household appliances may have encouraged women to take paying jobs: but as we have already noted, technology didnot end household chores. As a result, we see appalling inequalities in the distribution of free time between the sexes. Ac

200、cording to the Henley Centre, working fathers in the U. K. average 48 hours of free time a week. Working mothers get 14.The study of animal distribution is called zoogeography.distribution: n. 2) the act of giving things to a large group of people or delivering goods to companiesthe way in which peo

201、ple, buildings, etc. are arranged over a large areaDistribution of the goods is handled by local companies.Enter a surname (last name) into the form below and youll get a map of the United States showing the distribution of people with this surname.the distribution of mailCollocation:normal distribu

202、tion正态分布正态分布1) Inequalities apart, the perception of the time famine is widespread, and has provoked a variety of reactions. One is an attempt to gain the largest possible amount of satisfaction from the smallest possible investment of time. People today want fast food, sound bytes and instant grati

203、fication. And they become upset when time is wasted. “People talk about quality time. They want perfect moments,” says the Henley Centres Edwards. “If you take your kids to a movie and McDonalds and its not perfect, youve wasted an afternoon, and its a sense that youve lost something precious. If yo

204、u lose some money you can earn some more, but if you waste time you can never get it back.” Article11_S_popwin_one is1. Paraphrase the sentence.2. Give a few examples of this reaction.People today want fast food, sound bytes and instant gratification. And they become upset when time is wasted.One re

205、action is trying to obtain the largest possible quantities of content by consuming time as little as possible. Inequalities apart, the perception of the time famine is widespread, and has provoked a variety of reactions. One is an attempt to gain the largest possible amount of satisfaction from the

206、smallest possible investment of time. People today want fast food, sound bytes and instant gratification. And they become upset when time is wasted. “People talk about quality time. They want perfect moments,” says the Henley Centres Edwards. “If you take your kids to a movie and McDonalds and its n

207、ot perfect, youve wasted an afternoon, and its a sense that youve lost something precious. If you lose some money you can earn some more, but if you waste time you can never get it back.” Article11_W Inequalities apart, the perception of the time famine is widespread, and has provoked a variety of r

208、eactions. One is an attempt to gain the largest possible amount of satisfaction from the smallest possible investment of time. People today want fast food, sound bytes and instant gratification. And they become upset when time is wasted. “People talk about quality time. They want perfect moments,” s

209、ays the Henley Centres Edwards. “If you take your kids to a movie and McDonalds and its not perfect, youve wasted an afternoon, and its a sense that youve lost something precious. If you lose some money you can earn some more, but if you waste time you can never get it back.” Article11_W_popwin_fami

210、neTo eliminate famine and reduce malnutrition, attention needs to focus not only on food production but also on food distribution, consumption, and family planning.famine: n. (instance of) extreme scarcity of food in a region 世界上有些地区经常遭受饥荒。世界上有些地区经常遭受饥荒。Some parts of the world suffer regularly from

211、famine. Inequalities apart, the perception of the time famine is widespread, and has provoked a variety of reactions. One is an attempt to gain the largest possible amount of satisfaction from the smallest possible investment of time. People today want fast food, sound bytes and instant gratificatio

212、n. And they become upset when time is wasted. “People talk about quality time. They want perfect moments,” says the Henley Centres Edwards. “If you take your kids to a movie and McDonalds and its not perfect, youve wasted an afternoon, and its a sense that youve lost something precious. If you lose

213、some money you can earn some more, but if you waste time you can never get it back.” Article11_W_popwin_widespreadThe landscape of the American West was dramatically altered during the 20th century as a result of the widespread construction of dams along major rivers.widespread: adj. found or distri

214、buted over a large area There was a widespread belief that the newspaper had not told the truth. Inequalities apart, the perception of the time famine is widespread, and has provoked a variety of reactions. One is an attempt to gain the largest possible amount of satisfaction from the smallest possi

215、ble investment of time. People today want fast food, sound bytes and instant gratification. And they become upset when time is wasted. “People talk about quality time. They want perfect moments,” says the Henley Centres Edwards. “If you take your kids to a movie and McDonalds and its not perfect, yo

216、uve wasted an afternoon, and its a sense that youve lost something precious. If you lose some money you can earn some more, but if you waste time you can never get it back.” Article11_W_popwin_provoked1Peoples concern over genetically modified food has provoked a global debate that shows no sign of

217、ending soon.provoke: vt. cause (sth.) to occur or arouse (a feeling, etc.)They argued that NATO enlargement could provoke Russian hostility and lead to regional instability.provoke, arouse & awaken这几个词都是动词，都有这几个词都是动词，都有“引起引起”、“致使致使反应反应”之意。之意。provoke 意思是意思是“激怒激怒”、“惹怒惹怒”、“致使致使”、“迫使迫使”，尤指某事或话，尤指某事或话语使某

218、人语使某人 或某物生气、发怒而使其采取行动。例如：或某物生气、发怒而使其采取行动。例如：CF: If you provoke the dog, it will attack you.His impudence provoked her into slapping his face.如果你去招惹那条狗，它会咬你。如果你去招惹那条狗，它会咬你。他的鲁莽气得她打了他一耳光。他的鲁莽气得她打了他一耳光。 Inequalities apart, the perception of the time famine is widespread, and has provoked a variety of r

219、eactions. One is an attempt to gain the largest possible amount of satisfaction from the smallest possible investment of time. People today want fast food, sound bytes and instant gratification. And they become upset when time is wasted. “People talk about quality time. They want perfect moments,” s

220、ays the Henley Centres Edwards. “If you take your kids to a movie and McDonalds and its not perfect, youve wasted an afternoon, and its a sense that youve lost something precious. If you lose some money you can earn some more, but if you waste time you can never get it back.” Article11_W_popwin_prov

221、oked2My mother aroused me from sleep.arouse 意思是意思是“引起引起”、“唤醒唤醒”，动作的意味较弱，表示使某人从睡眠，动作的意味较弱，表示使某人从睡眠状态状态 中醒来或鼓励某人由不积极状态变为积极状态。例如中醒来或鼓励某人由不积极状态变为积极状态。例如：Of all the planets, Mars always arouses the greatest curiosity. He was awakened by the singing of birds in the trees.在所有的行星中，火星一直引起人们最大的好奇心。在所有的行星中，火星一

222、直引起人们最大的好奇心。他被林中鸟儿的鸣叫声惊醒了。他被林中鸟儿的鸣叫声惊醒了。我母亲把我从睡梦中唤醒了。我母亲把我从睡梦中唤醒了。awaken 常出现在被动语态中，意思是常出现在被动语态中，意思是“被唤醒被唤醒”，一般用在较正式的场合；，一般用在较正式的场合； 它还常用在比喻中，意思是它还常用在比喻中，意思是“觉醒觉醒”。例如：。例如：The oppressed people are awakening everywhere. 各地被压迫的人民在觉醒。各地被压迫的人民在觉醒。Collocation:provoke sb. to do sth. 挑动某人做某事挑动某人做某事 Inequalit

223、ies apart, the perception of the time famine is widespread, and has provoked a variety of reactions. One is an attempt to gain the largest possible amount of satisfaction from the smallest possible investment of time. People today want fast food, sound bytes and instant gratification. And they becom

224、e upset when time is wasted. “People talk about quality time. They want perfect moments,” says the Henley Centres Edwards. “If you take your kids to a movie and McDonalds and its not perfect, youve wasted an afternoon, and its a sense that youve lost something precious. If you lose some money you ca

225、n earn some more, but if you waste time you can never get it back.” Article11_W_popwin_a variety ofThe college library has a wide variety of books. a variety of: a lot of a particular type of (things that are different from each other)China has a great variety of mineral resources.Article12_S_popwin

226、_anything People are also trying to buy time. Anything that helps streamline our lives is a growth market. One example is what Americans call concierge services - domestic help, childcare, gardening and decorating. And on-line retailers are seeing big increases in sales - though not, as yet, profits

227、. A third reaction to time famine has been the growth of the work-life debate. You hear more about people taking early retirement or giving up high pressure jobs in favour of occupations with shorter working hours. And bodies such as Britains National Work-Life Forum have sprung up, urging employers

228、 to end the long-hours culture among managers and to adopt family-friendly working policies.1. Translate the sentence into Chinese.2. Why is it “a growth market”?Because people are trying to buy time and you can definitely gain profits to help them “save” time.任何能帮助我们提高生活效率的事物都有越做越大的市场。任何能帮助我们提高生活效率

229、的事物都有越做越大的市场。Article12_W People are also trying to buy time. Anything that helps streamline our lives is a growth market. One example is what Americans call concierge services - domestic help, childcare, gardening and decorating. And on-line retailers are seeing big increases in sales - though not,

230、as yet, profits. A third reaction to time famine has been the growth of the work-life debate. You hear more about people taking early retirement or giving up high pressure jobs in favour of occupations with shorter working hours. And bodies such as Britains National Work-Life Forum have sprung up, u

231、rging employers to end the long-hours culture among managers and to adopt family-friendly working policies.Article12_W_popwin_streamline People are also trying to buy time. Anything that helps streamline our lives is a growth market. One example is what Americans call concierge services - domestic h

232、elp, childcare, gardening and decorating. And on-line retailers are seeing big increases in sales - though not, as yet, profits. A third reaction to time famine has been the growth of the work-life debate. You hear more about people taking early retirement or giving up high pressure jobs in favour o

233、f occupations with shorter working hours. And bodies such as Britains National Work-Life Forum have sprung up, urging employers to end the long-hours culture among managers and to adopt family-friendly working policies.Corporate mergers can result in job losses because management combines and stream

234、lines departments within the newly merged companies. streamline: vt. make (sth.) more efficient and effective 他们把赛车改成流线型，以使它行驶得更快。他们把赛车改成流线型，以使它行驶得更快。They streamlined the racing car so that it moved even faster.Article12_W_popwin_domestic People are also trying to buy time. Anything that helps strea

235、mline our lives is a growth market. One example is what Americans call concierge services - domestic help, childcare, gardening and decorating. And on-line retailers are seeing big increases in sales - though not, as yet, profits. A third reaction to time famine has been the growth of the work-life

236、debate. You hear more about people taking early retirement or giving up high pressure jobs in favour of occupations with shorter working hours. And bodies such as Britains National Work-Life Forum have sprung up, urging employers to end the long-hours culture among managers and to adopt family-frien

237、dly working policies.The cat is a domestic animal in many countries.domestic: adj. 2) of or inside a particular country 1)of the home, household or familyGDP stands for Gross Domestic Product.Police and hospital records indicate that the majority of victims of domestic violence are women.This is Chi

238、nas domestic affairs.Article12_W_popwin_ spring up People are also trying to buy time. Anything that helps streamline our lives is a growth market. One example is what Americans call concierge services - domestic help, childcare, gardening and decorating. And on-line retailers are seeing big increas

239、es in sales - though not, as yet, profits. A third reaction to time famine has been the growth of the work-life debate. You hear more about people taking early retirement or giving up high pressure jobs in favour of occupations with shorter working hours. And bodies such as Britains National Work-Li

240、fe Forum have sprung up, urging employers to end the long-hours culture among managers and to adopt family-friendly working policies.New buildings are springing up everywhere. spring up: appear, develop, grow, etc. quickly or suddenlyFast food restaurants are springing up all over the city.Article13

241、_S_popwin_As Godbey The trouble with all these reactions is that liberating time -whether by making better use of it, buying it from others or reducing the amount spent at work - is futile if the hours gained are immediately diverted to other purposes. As Godbey points out, the stress we feel arises

242、 not from a shortage of time, but from the surfeit of things we try to cram into it. “Its the kid in the candy store,” he says. “Theres just so many good things to do. The array of choices is stunning. Our free time is increasing, but not as fast as our sense of the necessary.”Paraphrase the part of

243、 the sentence after “point out”.We are not lacking in time. Actually it is our ever-increasing desires that make us feel time-starved. Article13_W The trouble with all these reactions is that liberating time -whether by making better use of it, buying it from others or reducing the amount spent at w

244、ork - is futile if the hours gained are immediately diverted to other purposes. As Godbey points out, the stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, but from the surfeit of things we try to cram into it. “Its the kid in the candy store,” he says. “Theres just so many good things to do. The a

245、rray of choices is stunning. Our free time is increasing, but not as fast as our sense of the necessary.”Article13_W_popwin_divert The trouble with all these reactions is that liberating time -whether by making better use of it, buying it from others or reducing the amount spent at work - is futile

246、if the hours gained are immediately diverted to other purposes. As Godbey points out, the stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, but from the surfeit of things we try to cram into it. “Its the kid in the candy store,” he says. “Theres just so many good things to do. The array of choices

247、is stunning. Our free time is increasing, but not as fast as our sense of the necessary.”The money that might be spent on cities has been diverted into other projects. divert: vt. turn (sb./sth.) aside from a course, direction, etc. into another 由于交通事故，车辆行人绕道而行。由于交通事故，车辆行人绕道而行。Traffic is being diver

248、ted from the main road because of the accident.Article13_W_popwin_arise The trouble with all these reactions is that liberating time -whether by making better use of it, buying it from others or reducing the amount spent at work - is futile if the hours gained are immediately diverted to other purpo

249、ses. As Godbey points out, the stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, but from the surfeit of things we try to cram into it. “Its the kid in the candy store,” he says. “Theres just so many good things to do. The array of choices is stunning. Our free time is increasing, but not as fast a

250、s our sense of the necessary.”A financial crisis has arisen in the multinational corporation. arise: vi. appear; become evidentHis illness arose from malnutrition.Article13_W_popwin_shortage The trouble with all these reactions is that liberating time -whether by making better use of it, buying it f

251、rom others or reducing the amount spent at work - is futile if the hours gained are immediately diverted to other purposes. As Godbey points out, the stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, but from the surfeit of things we try to cram into it. “Its the kid in the candy store,” he says. “

252、Theres just so many good things to do. The array of choices is stunning. Our free time is increasing, but not as fast as our sense of the necessary.”There is a world shortage of fuel. shortage: n. lack of sth. needed; deficiency The world is facing the prospect of water shortages caused by populatio

253、n growth, uneven (不不平平均均) supplies of water, pollution, and other factors. Article14_W A more successful remedy may lie in understanding the problem rather than evading it. Before the industrial revolution, people lived in small communities with limited communications. Within the confines of their v

254、illage, they could reasonably expect to know everything that was to be known, see everything that was to be seen, and do everything that was to be done. Today, being curious by nature, we are still trying to do the same. But the global village is a world of limitless possibilities, and we can never

255、achieve our aim. It is not more time we need: it is fewer desires. We need to switch off the cell-phone and leave the children to play by themselves. We need to buy less, read less and travel less. We need to set boundaries for ourselves, or be doomed to mounting despair.Article14_W_popwin_be doomed

256、 to A more successful remedy may lie in understanding the problem rather than evading it. Before the industrial revolution, people lived in small communities with limited communications. Within the confines of their village, they could reasonably expect to know everything that was to be known, see e

257、verything that was to be seen, and do everything that was to be done. Today, being curious by nature, we are still trying to do the same. But the global village is a world of limitless possibilities, and we can never achieve our aim. It is not more time we need: it is fewer desires. We need to switc

258、h off the cell-phone and leave the children to play by themselves. We need to buy less, read less and travel less. We need to set boundaries for ourselves, or be doomed to mounting despair.The whole project was doomed to failure.be doomed to: (sth.) be certain to happen, and you can do nothing to prevent it 他因身体不好而注定失业。他因身体不好而注定失业。Pattern:be doomed to sth. 注定要遭受注定要遭受的的be doomed to do sth. 注定要遭受注定要遭受的的He is doomed to eke out a miserable life. He was doomed to unemployment by his ill health.