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1、whatever-however-whatever-however-whereverwherever用法用法whoever & who 用法用法who 和和whoever都可以引导主语都可以引导主语从句，只能置于句首，不能用形式从句，只能置于句首，不能用形式主语主语it代替。它们也都有代替。它们也都有“谁谁”的含的含义，义， 但能否互相替代呢？但能否互相替代呢？whoever & who 用法用法_ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. No matter who 正确选
2、项为正确选项为C。whoever 的含义是：的含义是：the person who. 或或anyone who. 无论无论(不管不管)是谁是谁，前者特指，后者泛指。句，前者特指，后者泛指。句(A)的意思的意思是：无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。是：无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。 1 Whoever (Anyone who) breaks the law should be punished. 不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。 2 Whoever (The person who) told you it was lying.无论谁告诉你的都是说谎。无论谁告诉你的都是说谎。_ w
3、ill give us a talk is unknown to us all. A. Whoever B. Who C. Anyone D. No matter who 正确选项为正确选项为B。who虽然也可以引导主语从句，但它常保虽然也可以引导主语从句，但它常保留本身疑问的含义，即留本身疑问的含义，即“谁谁”。句。句(B)的意思为：对我们的意思为：对我们大家来说，谁给我们讲话还不知道。大家来说，谁给我们讲话还不知道。where，wherever与与everywhere用法用法地点状语从句经常由地点状语从句经常由where，wherever和和everywhere来引导，它们所引导的从句既可
4、来引导，它们所引导的从句既可以置于主句之前，也可以置于主句之后。以置于主句之前，也可以置于主句之后。where意为意为“在某个地方在某个地方”，wherever意为意为“在在任何一个地方，无论何地任何一个地方，无论何地”，everywhere意为意为“在每个地方在每个地方”。Keep the child where you can see him. He goes wherever he wants.Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.Where(ver)和和everywhere引导的地点引导的地点状语从句置于主句之前时，大都含有状语从句置于主句之前时
5、，大都含有“条件条件”或或“让步让步”的意味，常常译作的意味，常常译作“无论哪里无论哪里 ”，“哪里哪里 哪里就哪里就 ”，“如果如果”，“只要只要 就就 ”。Wherever you go,you should do your work well. 无论你到哪里，你都要努力工作。无论你到哪里，你都要努力工作。Where there is will,there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。有志者，事竟成。where引引导导的地点状的地点状语语从句也可以用来表示从句也可以用来表示“对对比与比与转转折折”，语义语义接近于接近于while，whereas，意，意为为“可是，然而，却可是，然而
6、，却”。e.g Where others are weak,he is strong.Attention:不论是不论是“疑问代词疑问代词 + ever ”还是还是“疑问副疑问副词词 + ever ”，其意义都是，其意义都是“不管不管 / 无论无论 + 该疑问该疑问词的本义词的本义”。1. “疑问代词疑问代词 + ever”可引导两种类型可引导两种类型的从句，即的从句，即让步状语从句让步状语从句和和名词性从句名词性从句(主主语从句、宾语从句语从句、宾语从句)。(1)引导让步状语从句。此时引导让步状语从句。此时 whatever / whoever / whichever 分别等于分别等于“ no
7、 matter + what / who / which”。例如：。例如：Examples:Whatever happened， he wouldnt say a word. = No matter what happened， he wouldnt say a word. Whoever says so， it is wrong. = No matter who says so， it is wrong.Whichever dictionary you (may) take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars. = No matter whic
8、h dictionary you (may) take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.2)引导名词性从句。例如引导名词性从句。例如Whoever smokes here will be punished. (主语从句主语从句)Beggars will eat whatever they are given. (宾语从句宾语从句)Whichever he likes will be given to him.(主语从句主语从句)You may invite whoever / whomever you like. (常用常用 whoever
9、代替代替 whomever)2. “疑问副词疑问副词 +ever ”： wherever / whenever / however 一般只能引导一种类型一般只能引导一种类型的从句，即让步状语从句，此时它们分别等于的从句，即让步状语从句，此时它们分别等于“ no matter + where / when / how ”。1Wherever he goes (may go). Ill follow him. = No matter where he goes (may go)，Ill follow him.2Whenever I wisited him， he was always busy working. = No matter when I visited him， he was always busy working.3However late he is， his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. = No matter how late he is， his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.结束结束
