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1、 冠词的用法冠词的用法THE ARTICLE冠词的用法：冠词的用法：冠词冠词定定冠词冠词不定冠词不定冠词(Definite Article)(Indefinite Article)(Article)1.定冠词的基本用法定冠词的基本用法1）定冠词的特指用法）定冠词的特指用法定冠词的特指用法通常都是确定的特指，比如 重提上文提到过的人或物时，要用定冠词：I I saw saw a a girl and girl and anan old man in the old man in the house. house. TheThe old manold man must be must be the
2、the girlgirls grand-father.s grand-father.2)2)在名词词组中，如果名词之后带有限制性在名词词组中，如果名词之后带有限制性定语或其前带有最高级形容词，要用定冠词：定语或其前带有最高级形容词，要用定冠词：IsIs this this thethe train train for Shanghaifor Shanghai? ?TheThe flowers flowers in her gardenin her garden smell smell fragrant.fragrant.Here isHere is the the letter letter
3、to be postedto be posted. .ThisThis is is thethe most interestingmost interesting book I book I have ever read.have ever read.3)3)当讲到说话人和听话人都知道的人或物时，当讲到说话人和听话人都知道的人或物时，要用定冠词：要用定冠词：ImIm just back from just back from thethe market. market.HasHas thethe postman been here? postman been here?4)4)当名词前带有当名
4、词前带有firstfirst, , next next, , lastlast, , samesame, , only only 等表示独特含义的词语时，要用定冠词等表示独特含义的词语时，要用定冠词：WhenWhen is is thethe nextnext flight to Beijing. flight to Beijing.HeHe is always is always thethe firstfirst to come and to come and thethe lastlast to leave. to leave.ThisThis is is the the onlyonl
5、y copy I have ever copy I have ever collected.collected.2.2.定冠词的类指用法定冠词的类指用法1 1）用）用“定冠词定冠词+ +单数名词单数名词” ” 可泛指同一类的可泛指同一类的人和物：人和物：TheThe tiger and tiger and thethe cat belong to the cat belong to the same family of mammals.same family of mammals.TheThe book is used for book is used for thethe teacher,
6、not teacher, not forfor the the student.student.2)“2)“用定冠用定冠+ +表示国籍的形容表示国籍的形容 词词”可泛可泛指整个民族或国人。指整个民族或国人。TheThe ChineseChinese are a great, hardworking, are a great, hardworking, and bravery people.and bravery people.3.3.定冠词的其他用法定冠词的其他用法1 1）在表示某些独一无二的事物时，要用定冠）在表示某些独一无二的事物时，要用定冠词：词：thethe sun, sun, the
7、 the moon, moon, the the earth, earth, the the northern northern pole, pole, thethe equator equator2 2）在表示海洋，江河，湖泊，群岛，山脉，）在表示海洋，江河，湖泊，群岛，山脉，沙漠，海峡等的专有名词前，要用定冠词沙漠，海峡等的专有名词前，要用定冠词 。TheThe Sahara, Sahara, the the Atlantic, Atlantic, thethe ChangjiangChangjiang river river3)3)在乐器名称前，要用定冠词在乐器名称前，要用定冠词TomT
8、om played played the the pianopiano and I played and I played the the violin.violin.4)4)在表示某一家人的专有名词前，要用定冠在表示某一家人的专有名词前，要用定冠词。词。TheThe BrownsBrowns have arrived. have arrived.5)5)用在人体部位名词前。用在人体部位名词前。 He seized me by He seized me by thethe arm. arm.(hit/strike/beat) + sb. +in /on + (hit/strike/beat)
9、+ sb. +in /on + the +the +部位部位I hit Tom on I hit Tom on thethe nose / shoulder /head. nose / shoulder /head.He struck the thief in He struck the thief in thethe eyes / face. eyes / face. (pull/seize/lead/catch) + sb. + by + the (pull/seize/lead/catch) + sb. + by + the + + 部位部位She led the cow by the
10、nose.She led the cow by the nose.I seized her by the hand/hair.I seized her by the hand/hair.2.2.不定冠词不定冠词( (a, an)的基本用法的基本用法 1）不定冠词的类指用法不定冠词与单数名词搭配可泛指一类的任何物，不定冠词与单数名词搭配可泛指一类的任何物，即指同类的人或物中的任何一个。即指同类的人或物中的任何一个。A A car must be car must be insured.insured.A A horse is a useful animal. horse is a useful
11、animal.2)2)不定冠词的指量用法不定冠词的指量用法不定冠词在下列结构中有不定冠词在下列结构中有“一个一个”的含义，的含义，属于指量用法：属于指量用法：I I will be back in will be back in a a day or two. day or two.3.3.零冠词的用法零冠词的用法“零零冠词冠词+ +复数名词或不可数名词复数名词或不可数名词”可用于可用于非确定特指。非确定特指。ThereThere are are people people waiting to come in. waiting to come in.HeHe brought us broug
12、ht us informationinformation about the about the accident.accident.PencilsPencils, , pens pens, and , and piecespieces of paper were of paper were spread all over the table.spread all over the table.* *零零冠词也可与表示家庭成员的单数名词冠词也可与表示家庭成员的单数名词搭配作确定特指。搭配作确定特指。MaryMary asked “Why is asked “Why is FatherFathe
13、r out of work? out of work?*在在表示餐食，交通工具表示餐食，交通工具 ，通讯工具的名词，通讯工具的名词之前，通常用零冠词。之前，通常用零冠词。AfterAfter lunchlunch I usually take a nap. I usually take a nap.I I usually travel by usually travel by traintrain, not by, not by airairHeHe sent the message not by sent the message not by post post, but , but byb
14、y radio radio. .* *在在表示四季，年月，周日，时间的名词之前，表示四季，年月，周日，时间的名词之前，通常用零冠词。通常用零冠词。SpringSpring has come around again. has come around again.OnOn SundaySunday I usually take my children to I usually take my children to the park.the park.InIn FebruaryFebruary, it is already very warm in , it is already very wa
15、rm in HainanHainan. .HeHe worked by worked by day day and studied by and studied by nightnight. .* *零零冠词还用于以下场合：冠词还用于以下场合：gogo to school, go to hospital, go to to school, go to hospital, go to work, go to church, go to town, play work, go to church, go to town, play football, play bridge, football,
16、play bridge, play play chess, in chess, in hospital, at hospital, at work, inwork, in prison, prison, in in town , in bed, in danger of, on town , in bed, in danger of, on boardboardn学科，球类和棋类名词前不用冠词。学科，球类和棋类名词前不用冠词。 Do you have Do you have ChineseChinese? ? I like playing I like playing basketball/c
17、hessbasketball/chess. .有无a/an和the的差异1. 1. in front ofin front of 在在（外）的前面（外）的前面 in the front ofin the front of 在在（内）的前面（内）的前面 Theres a garden Theres a garden in front ofin front of the the classroom. classroom. Theres a blackboard Theres a blackboard in the front ofin the front of the classroom. the
18、 classroom. 2. 2. in charge ofin charge of 掌管；负责掌管；负责 in the chargein the charge of of 在在负责之下负责之下 An experienced worker is An experienced worker is in charge ofin charge of the project. the project. The project is The project is in the charge ofin the charge of an an experienced worker. experienced
19、worker. 3. 3. at tableat table 在用饭；吃饭时在用饭；吃饭时 at the tableat the table 在桌旁在桌旁 He seldom talks He seldom talks at tableat table. . They sat They sat at the tableat the table, talking and , talking and laughing. laughing. 4. 4. by dayby day 白天；日间白天；日间 by the dayby the day 按日计按日计 He works in an office
20、He works in an office by dayby day. . Cleaning women in big cities get paid Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the dayby the day. . 5.5. in wordsin words 用言语用言语 in a wordin a word 总之总之 Please express your thought Please express your thought in wordsin words. . In a wordIn a word, I dont trust
21、you. , I dont trust you. 6. 6. a most interestinga most interesting 非常有趣的非常有趣的 the most interestingthe most interesting 最有趣的（形最有趣的（形容词的最高级）容词的最高级） This is a most interesting story. This is a most interesting story. This is the most interesting story of This is the most interesting story of the three
22、. the three. 7. 7. a a doctor and nurse doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护一位医生兼护士士 a doctor and a nursea doctor and a nurse 一位医生一位医生和一位护士和一位护士 A doctor and nurse is standing there. A doctor and nurse is standing there. A doctor and a nurse are standing A doctor and a nurse are standing there. there. 8. 8. a a
23、number of number of 许多；好些许多；好些 the number ofthe number of （的）数目（的）数目 A number ofA number of students are in the students are in the classroom.classroom.The number ofThe number of students in students in the the classroomclassroom is forty. is forty. 特殊用法特殊用法 （考试重点）（考试重点）1.1.三餐饭前有形容词修饰时可接三餐饭前有形容词修饰时可
24、接a/ana/an。We just had We just had a biga big supper.supper.我们刚刚吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。我们刚刚吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。2.2.季节，月份若有定语修饰，要加季节，月份若有定语修饰，要加“thethe”。TheThe story happed in story happed in the springthe spring of of 1945.1945.故事发生在故事发生在19451945年的春天。年的春天。3.3.在不可数名词前加在不可数名词前加a/an a/an 表表“一阵一阵”，“一场一场”，“一种一种”等。等。Physics is P
25、hysics is a sciencea science. . 物理是一门科学。物理是一门科学。A knockA knock of the door was heard. of the door was heard. 听到一阵敲门声。听到一阵敲门声。a a strong strong wind wind （一阵大风）（一阵大风） a a slight rain slight rain （一场小雨）（一场小雨）4. 4. 某些抽象名词前加某些抽象名词前加 a/ana/an 表表“一件具体一件具体的事的事”。 WhatWhat a a pleasant surprise it is! pleasa
26、nt surprise it is! 这是一件多么令人惊呀的事！这是一件多么令人惊呀的事！ The meeting is The meeting is a a failure.failure.5.5.上下文中出现同一名词，但各有所指上下文中出现同一名词，但各有所指 ，名，名词前都用词前都用a/ana/an。-Have you seen -Have you seen a cata cat? ?-Is it -Is it a a black oneblack one? ?6.6.在序数词加在序数词加a/an a/an 表表”又又, ,再再”. .If we have time, we will t
27、ry If we have time, we will try a a second time.second time.7.7.在比较级前加在比较级前加 不定冠词不定冠词a/ana/an表泛指表泛指 : :一一个更为个更为 .This is a more interesting story than This is a more interesting story than what I have read.what I have read.8.8.在比较级前加在比较级前加 定冠词表特指定冠词表特指 . . thethe + +比较级比较级+of the two+of the two. . He is He is the taller of the two the taller of the two boysboys. .
