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1、大学英语写作技巧大学英语写作技巧文章结构o一般以三段式展开，题目要求中通常包含三个要点，每个要点为一段（记住，一定要分段），第一段提出问题，第二段分析问题，第三段解决问题。Spring Festival Gala on CCTV o要求：1。许多人喜欢看春节晚会；2。但有些人提出取消春节晚会；3。我的看法。o“喜欢看春节晚会”是正常现象，应该作为问题的开端进行简短介绍o“有些人提出取消春节晚会”才是重点，必须给出相应的篇幅做详细阐述。o最后表明我的观点，其实就是问作者的态度及解决这个矛盾的方法。总的来说有三点要注意：o1.开篇就得点题。文章字数有限，必须采取开门见山的方法，但开篇点题并不是说第
2、一段第一句话就得提出问题，在这之前可以有所修饰，有导入的成分，但不要太长，一般第三句就得清楚、突出地把问题点出来。2.中间段阐述必须清楚。o中间段是全文的核心部分，要做到阐述清楚，论证充分，要有一致性、连贯性和条理性。一般由主题句和扩展句组成，主题句是观点的高度浓缩，应该言简意赅；扩展句是对主题句的详细阐述，应该做到理由充分，内容一致。大学英语写作突出主题oWell begun is a half done，如何开头是值得注意的问题，它能确定你的文章给人留下的first impression。o中国人喜欢先讲道理最后给出结论，而西方人习惯先下定义，再慢慢解释。按照西方人的思维方式，我们在写文章
3、开头的时候就得突出主题，不拐弯抹角。o偏离主题是写作中的大忌讳。一定要仔细审题，弄清楚考题要求是写议论文、说明文还是记叙文，然后确定文章主题和大致思路。3.结尾段进行总结，并提出解决问题的方法。o最后的总结在观点上可以重申但不可以重复，另外结尾一定要有所升华，不能仍停留在对问题的描述上，既然存在问题，就必须想办法解决。常见的开头的写作方法大致有下面几种：o1. 引述名言谚语oeg: You have to believe in yourself. Thats the secret of success. Charles Chaplin ever said. In my opinion, sel
4、f-confidence is the first element on the way to your goal. oAs the old saying goes: “Knowledge is power. The main way for us students to gain knowledge is from the books. So some students argue that we should read extensively.o It is well known to us all that .2. 对比，比较eg: Some people say ., while ot
5、hers claim that .oSome people believe., but others argue that.oOld people often feel that., but for the young, it is .3. 提出一个问题oeg： What constitutes enough information for the decision-maker? Its impossible to put a number on it, but.oShould the Spring Festival Gala be cancelled ? Different people h
6、ave different answers.oMisunderstanding is inevitable in communications. If such misfortunes occurs, what is your response? Here are some tips for you to treat it in a proper way.4. 数据引证（一般用在看图作文中）oeg: As we can see in the charts(柱状图，圆形百分比图)，the number of Chinese people who go abroad has increased g
7、reatly between 1992 and 2002.oAs is clearly shown in the charts, there is an increasing number of people who own a car during the recent three years.oThe figures in this graph（曲线图）show us that.oAccording to the graph, we can find that.oIt can be seen from the table（图表，表格）that.5. 陈述现状eg: With the rap
8、id development of., the interview is becoming more and more important in job-hunting.oBecause of the development of., great changes have occurred in the educational system of China.oNowadays Mobile phone is very popular with college students.(很受学生欢迎) oIn recent years cheating in CET4 still prevails
9、among the college students. （近几年里四级考试舞弊现象在大学生中仍然很普遍。）o It is well-accepted that nowadays dishonesty is a common phenomenon in society. (人们都意识到现今社会中普遍存在不诚实的现象)o There is a heated debate over private car.o Nowadays private car aroused a lot of controversy.大学英语四级写作主题句和扩展句o主题句（topic sentence）反映段落的中心思想，体
10、现文章的整体结构，让读者对作者的思路一目了然。 要写好主题句必须注意以下几个方面 1. 主题句必须是个完整的句子，与文章主旨密切相关。o 2. 主题句一般是general sentence，内容明确、具体。 o3. 主题句内涵要广，便于展开细节论述。o比如，写一篇论述计算器的文章，主题思想是反映计算器能帮助人们快速解决算术问题，但过分依赖计算器会对人脑有不良影响。那么主题句应该要紧扣计算器的使用利弊这个方面，oeg: Calculators can obviously benefit us.oHowever, overusing calculators will also do some ha
11、rm to us o主题句确定后，必须有足够的细节去支持主题句所提出的观点，给出充分、有力的论证。这就是扩展句的任务。o扩展句是段落的主干部分，是对主题句的中心思想的详细解释，它的特点是：1。清晰详实；2。条理分明；3。内容一致。 o主题句为：Cell phone is one of the most popular means of communication. 那么接下来的扩展句应该要紧跟这个中心意思，有条理地进行阐述：（扩展句1）People make use of it to make an appointment, take a message for others, discuss
12、 a question and so on. （扩展局2）People even use it to have a meeting or give a notice.这两句话都说明了手机的社交功能，而且以递进的顺序排列，让读者更好地理解主题句的含义，具有说服力。大学英语写作段落的展开o 1. 段落一致性。o 在一个段落就只有一个主题句，就是说一个段落就只能有一个中心思想，一个核心，段落中所有其他句子都要围绕这个中心展开或铺述，一切与主题句没有直接关系的句子都要舍弃掉。o如：However, fake commodities are extremely harmful to consumers
13、as well as to the whole society. First of all, fake commodities may cause losses to consumers. Meanwhile, fake commodities may harm peoples health, sometimes even lives. And in the 1998 fatal alcohol poisoning case in Shanxi Province, for example, a peasant produced alcohol, dreaming of becoming ric
14、h overnight; which, with 27 people killed and about 700 poisoned, caused great sufferings to the victims and shoked the whole country as well. Therefore, it is really high time we took action to crack down on the production and sale of fake commodities. o第一句显然是主题句，其后作者用了三个扩展句进行说明，每句话都与主题句密切相关，最后的结尾句
15、对整段论述做了升华。所以这一段落是符合一致性原则的。 2. 段落连贯性o一个好段落在具体语言上和内容上要有连贯性，段落中的句子要符合一定的条理和逻辑顺序，句与句之间衔接要紧密，过度要自然、流畅，这样才能反映出一个清晰的思路。o如：It is known to us all that modern transportation plays an important role in our life. In the past people used to suffer a great deal if they had to make a long journey or convey some he
16、avy goods, the fact is that the transport means at that time was simple and rare. Today, various vehicles, ships and airplanes have enabled us to go wherever we like to. Not only does modern transportation bring people much convenience, but is also frees people from the hard work of conveyance. What
17、 is more important is that modern transportation has saved much of our time so that we can do more work and learn more knowledge.o第一句话点明主题，然后通过古今对比展开论述，按时间顺序排列，条理清楚，语句连贯自然。o按逻辑顺序安排细节是使段落连贯的方法之一，常用的顺序有四种：时间顺序、空间顺序、演绎法和归纳法。演绎法是先通过主题句给出一般的总体的观点，然后给出扩展句摆具体的事实，体现了一般到具体的顺序；归纳法是先给具体事实和细节，再概括总结出其中道理、规律，体现了具
18、体到一般的顺序。大学英语写作段落的连贯性连词或关联词 o常用的关联词分为四类：1. 列举类o列举法常用在议论文中，当作者提出一个论点后，可通过列举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。列举类关联词有：o first(ly), second(ly),. finally; for one thing, for another; on the one hand, on the other hand; moreover; furthermore; whats more; in addition; besides; first of all; in the first place, in the second
19、 place; (at)last; then; next; the last but not the least2. 举例类o举例法是用事例或数据对中心观点进行说明论证的方法，举例类关联词有：o for example; for instance; such as; like; take.for example; a case in point; namely; in other words; that is; especially; in particular3. 比较和对比o比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较，以辨别出它们的相似之处；对比是将这些事物进行对照，辨别其差异而指出各自的特征和
20、本质。这类关联词有：o but; however; yet; otherwise; while; in contrast; by contrast; on the contrary; similarly; likewise; like; conversely; rather than; instead; on the other hand; equally; nevertheless; nonetheless; unlike; still; in the same way; compared with.4. 因果类oas a result; since; because(of); thanks
21、 to; due to; owing to; for this reason; hence; thus; therefore; on this/that account; on account of; consequently 5. 总结类o总结法是指在表达了一个观点或举了一个例子后，进行总结、给出概括，这类关联词有：oin this case; according to; in a word; in brief; in short; to sum up第一段：现状说明：“用于文章开头的语句”o1. When asked about./ When it comes to./ Faced wit
22、h. most/many people believe that ., but other people consider it differently/ regard it as.o2. When it comes to ., peoples opinions differ. Some hold the opinion that ., while others claim that .o3. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the role/ view/ idea of . Some people claim that
23、 ., while others believe that .o4. There is a general discussion today about the problem/ issue of . Those who criticize . argue that . They believe that . But people who advocate ., on the other hand, argue that .o5. Most people are of the opinion that . But I personally believe that .o6. Now peopl
24、e in growing numbers are beginning to realize that .o7. Now, it is generally acknowledged that ., but I doubt whether .第二段：（1）原因列举：“用于解释原因的语句”o1. The phenomenon/change in . mainly result from the fact that .o2. One may regard the phenomenon as a .sign of./ response to.o3. There are many causes/ reas
25、ons for this dramatic growth/decrease. First, . Second, . Finally, .o4. A number of factors can account for the change in .o5. Another contributory factor of . is .o6. Why do people .? For one thing, . for another, ./ One reason is. Another is. Perhaps the primary reason is .o7. . is also responsibl
26、e for the rise/ decrease in .（2）观点陈述：“用于比较、驳斥的语句”I用于比较的语句o1. The advantages of A outweigh any benefit we gain from B.o2. Good as A is, it has its own disadvantages. For one thing, it .; for another, it .o3. Although A has enormous/ much/ considerable/ a distinct advantage over B ., it can not compet
27、e with B in .o4. As advantage sounds ridiculous/ means nothing when Bs advantages are considered.o6. It is true that ., but this is not to say/ it doesnt mean that .o7. There is/are absolutely no/ in fact every reason(s) for us to believe/ accept/ resist/ reject that .o8. What these people fail to u
28、nderstand/ consider/ mention is that .o9. You/ One may think/ argue/ say that . It probably will. But .o10. It is one thing to believe that ., but it is quite another to say that .II用于驳斥的语句o1. Although a lot of people believe that ., I doubt/ wonder whether the argument bears much analysis/ close ex
29、aminationo2. As opposed to widely held ideas, I believe/ think/ argue that .o3. Although the popular belief/ idea is that ., (a) current study/ survey indicates that .o4. They may be right about ., but they seem to neglect/ fail to mention/ consider the fact that .o5. Although it is widely accepted
30、that ., it is unlikely to be true that .3）第三段：o1. From what has been discussed above/ Taking into account all these features/ Judging from all evidence offered, we may safely draw the conclusion that .o2. All the evidence supports an unshakable conclusion that .o3. It is (high) time that we placed great emphasis on .o4. It is (high) time we put an end to the undesirable phenomenon of .o5. There is little doubt/ no denying that further attention must be paid to the problem of .o6. It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situationm
