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1、语法指南动词-ing做主语和宾语1.动词-ing做主语(1)动词-ing直接做主语表示抽象的概念,通常置于句首,谓语动词用单数形式。Reading aloud is a good way in learning a language.朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。Getting up early is a good habit.早起是一种好习惯。语法指南(2)置于后面,用it做形式主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后,这样的句型有:It+be+a waste of time doing.做是浪费时间It is/was no good/use/harm doing.做是没有好处/没用/没坏处注意:im
2、portant,essential,necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。It is no good learning without practice.只学习而不实践是不好的。语法指南(3)用于“there be”结构中,这样的句型有:theres no sense in doing.做没意义theres no use doing.做无用there is/was
3、no point doing做无意义There was no sense in quarrelling with her about it.和她争吵那事没意义。语法指南2.动词-ing做宾语(1)做动词的宾语后接动词-ing做宾语的动词和动词短语有advise,admit,appreciate,consider,mind,suggest,fancy,avoid,deny,imagine,finish,excuse,enjoy,resist,risk,tolerate,quit,allow,forbid,miss,cant help,cant stand等。Have you finished c
4、leaning the classroom?你打扫完教室了吗?The girl couldnt help crying at the bad news.那个女孩儿听到这个不幸的消息禁不住哭了。语法指南(2)做介词的宾语常见的短语有devote.to,get down to,object to,see to,pay attention to,succeed in,stick to,set about,think about/of,lead to,take to,be good at,insist on,feel like,be aware of等。The doctor devoted all h
5、is life to finding a cure for cancer.那个医生一生致力于找到治愈癌症的方法。All the new evidence led to his being arrested.所有这些新证据导致他被逮捕。(3)用在形容词后The book is well worth reading once more.这本书值得再读一次。We are busy preparing for the coming test.我们忙于准备将要到来的考试。语法指南(4)动词-ing和动词不定式做宾语,意义差别不大的有hate,like,prefer,begin,start,continu
6、e等。Price will continue to rise/rising.物价将持续上涨。(5)动词-ing和动词不定式做宾语,但意义差别较大的有:语法指南语法指南I remember to mail the letter but forget to buy the stamp.我记得要去寄信可忘了去买邮票。When the teacher came in,she stopped reading aloud,and he stopped to ask why she did so.当老师进来时她停止了大声朗读,老师停下来问她为何这样做。(6)下列动词可接动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义,相
7、当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve doing=need/want/require/deserve to be doneThis small room needs painting.(=This small room needs to be painted.)这个小房间需要粉刷了。The sick woman required examining.(=The sick woman required to be examined.)这个生病的妇女需要接受检查。语法指南3.动词-ing的复合结构(1)带有逻辑主语的动词-ing称为动词-ing的复合结构。当动词
8、-ing的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在动词-ing前加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了动词-ing的复合结构。动词-ing的复合结构在句中可做主语、宾语、表语等。Her coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。He suggested our setting off in no time.他建议我们马上动身。语法指南(2)在口语中,如果动词-ing的复合结构做宾语,其中的形容词性物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首做主语时不能这样来代替。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗?Marys(不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset.玛丽病了,这使她妈妈很着急。His(不可用Him)smoking made his family angry.他抽烟,这使他家人非常生气。(3)there be的动词-ing的复合结构为there being。Whats the chance of there being a storm tomorrow?明天有暴风雨的可能性有多大?
