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1、十五、直接引语和间接引语 一、定义一、定义 直直接接引引述述别别人人的的话话，叫叫直直接接引引语语。被被引引用用的的部部分分放放在在引引号号里里。用用自自己己的的话话转转述述别别人人的的话话，叫叫间间接接引引语语，间间接接引引语语不不用用引引号，在多数情况下是以宾语从句的形式出现。号，在多数情况下是以宾语从句的形式出现。 二、直接引语和间接引语的变化规则二、直接引语和间接引语的变化规则 (一一)人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新用法用法举例举例一随主一随主直直接接引引语语中中的的第第一一人人称称根根据据间间接接引引语语中中的的主主语语作作相应的
2、变化相应的变化He said, “We love our country. ”He said that they love their country. 他说他们热爱自己的国家。他说他们热爱自己的国家。She said to me, “I have left my books in your room. ”She told me she had left her books in my room. 她对我说她把书落在我屋里了。她对我说她把书落在我屋里了。用法用法举例举例二随宾二随宾直直接接引引语语中中的的第第二二人人称称根根据据间间接接引引语语中中的的主主句句的宾语作相应的变化的宾语作相应的变
3、化Tom asked me, “Are you a teacher? ”Tom asked me if I was a teacher. 汤姆问我是否是一名老师。汤姆问我是否是一名老师。He asked me, “Do you have a computer? ”He asked me if I had a computer. 他问我是否有计算机。他问我是否有计算机。用法用法举例举例第三人称不更新第三人称不更新直直接接引引语语中中的的第第三三人人称称在在间间接接引引语语中中不不发发生生变变化化Bill said, “She is my elder sister. ”Bill said that
4、 she was his elder sister. 比尔说她是他的姐姐。比尔说她是他的姐姐。The teacher told Marys parents, “Mary is a good girl. She is always ready to help others. ”The teacher told Marys parents that Mary was a good girl and she was always ready to help others. 老老师师告告诉诉玛玛丽丽的的父父母母说说，玛玛丽丽是是一一个个好好女女孩孩，她她总总是乐于助人。是乐于助人。(二二)时态的变化时
5、态的变化直接引语直接引语间接间接引语引语例句例句一般现在时一般现在时一一般般过过去去时时Tom said, “I usually get up at six. ”Tom said (that) he usually got up at six. 汤姆说他通常六点起床。汤姆说他通常六点起床。一般过去时一般过去时过过去去完完成成时时Mike told me, “I walked to school yesterday. ”Mike told me he had walked to school the day before. 迈克告诉我他昨天步行去上学的。迈克告诉我他昨天步行去上学的。直接引语直接
6、引语间接引语间接引语例句例句现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时Nina told me, “Linda is watching TV at home. ”Nina told me (that) Linda was watching TV at home. 尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时She said, “I will see you at the same place tomorrow. ”She said (that) she would see me at the same place the next day. 她
7、说她第二天要在同一个地点见我。她说她第二天要在同一个地点见我。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语例句例句现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时Betty said, “I have worked in this factory for over ten years. ”Betty said (that) she had worked in that factory for over ten years. 贝蒂说她在那家工厂工作有十多年了。贝蒂说她在那家工厂工作有十多年了。过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时Bob told me, “I had lived here for years b
8、efore I moved out. ”Bob told me that he had lived there for years before he moved out. 鲍勃告诉我他在那儿住了多年才搬走。鲍勃告诉我他在那儿住了多年才搬走。(三三)指示代词、时间和地点等变化指示代词、时间和地点等变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语时间状语nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat nightthat
9、 weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next daythe next week直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语地点状语地点状语herethere方向性动词方向性动词bringcometakego三、直接引语与间接引语的转换三、直接引语与间接引语的转换用法用法例句例句(1)如果直接引语如果直接引语是陈述句，变成是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引间接引语时，引导词用导词用that，但，但在口语中通常省在口语中通常省略，时态、人称略，时态、人称和状语都应作相和状语都应作相应的变化应的变化“Im a teacher. ” she sa
10、id. She said that she was a teacher. 她说她是一名教师。她说她是一名教师。Bill said to me, “I like English very much. ”Bill told me that he liked English very much. 比尔告诉我说他非常喜欢英语。比尔告诉我说他非常喜欢英语。Betty said, “I am going to buy a bike tomorrow. ”Betty said (that) she was going to buy a bike the next day. 贝蒂说她第二天要买一辆自行车。贝蒂
11、说她第二天要买一辆自行车。用法用法例句例句(2)如如果果是是一一般般疑疑问问句句，要要用用连连词词whether或或if引引导导，后后面面用用陈陈述述语语序序，时时态态、人人称称和和状状语语都都应应作相应的变化作相应的变化“Are you a student？” Ann asked. Ann asked me whether (if) I was a student. 安问我是否是一名学生。安问我是否是一名学生。The teacher asked me, “Can you swim? ”The teacher asked me whether (if) I could swim. 老师问我是否
12、会游泳。老师问我是否会游泳。用法用法例句例句(3)如如果果直直接接引引语语是是特特殊殊疑疑问问句句，要要用用相相应应的的疑疑 问问 词词 who, whom, whose, how, when等等引引导导，助助动动词词do, does或或did要要舍舍弃弃，并并把把疑疑问问语序改为陈述语序语序改为陈述语序“What are you doing? ”my father asked. My father asked what I was doing. 爸爸问我在做什么。爸爸问我在做什么。“When did you come here? ”he asked. He asked me when I w
13、ent there. 他问我什么时候去那儿。他问我什么时候去那儿。用法用法例句例句(4)如如果果直直接接引引语语是是祈祈使使句句，变变为为间间接接引引语语时时多多用用“名名词词（代代词词）+不不定定式式”结结构构，否否定定句句在在to前前面面加加not; 引引述述动动词词常常用用ask“请请求求”，tell“告告诉诉”，order“命命令令”等等“Please sit down. ” Jim said to me. Jim asked me to sit down. 吉姆请我坐下。吉姆请我坐下。“Dont make any noise. ” the teacher told us. The t
14、eacher told us not to make any noise. 老师告诉我们别出声。老师告诉我们别出声。按要求改写句子按要求改写句子1. (2012安安顺顺中中考考)“Jack, can you help with the dinner? ”Jacks mother asked. （改成间接引语）（改成间接引语）Jack was asked _ he _ help with the dinner. 答案：答案：if; could2. (2012孝孝感感中中考考)A: The teacher said to the students, “Dont take mobile phones
15、 to school. ”（改为同义句）（改为同义句）B: The teacher told the students _ _ take mobile phones to school. 3. (2011济济南南中中考考)My friend asked me“Can you make fruit salad? ”(改写句子，句意不变改写句子，句意不变)My friend asked me _ I _ make fruit salad. 答案：答案： 2. not to 3. if; could4. (2011上上海海中中考考)Are there any new markets in Asia? The sales manager wants to know. (合并为一句合并为一句)The sales manager wants to know _ there _ any new markets in Asia. 5. (2011乐乐山山中中考考) “Will you please open the window? ” she said to him. (将直接引语改为间接引语将直接引语改为间接引语)She _ him _ open the window. 答案：答案：4. if; are 5. asked; to
