八年级英语上册 Unit 6 Lesson 34 Flying Donuts动词不定式课件 (新版)冀教版

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1、概说概说动词不定式动词不定式(to do)(to do)是初中英语课的是初中英语课的一个重点,也是中考要考查的一个项目。一个重点,也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式,动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式,很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起,很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起,掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆式的用法做简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆 。 动词不定式的主要用法动词不定式的主要用法 一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语,一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。没有人称和数的变

2、化。二、动词不定式是由二、动词不定式是由“to+to+动词原形动词原形”构成构成( (有时有时可以不带可以不带to)to)。动词不定式的否定形式是。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+not+动词不动词不定式定式”( (此时此时notnot不能再与助动词连用不能再与助动词连用) )。三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。 主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补 主语:主语: 常置于句末,而用常置于句末,而用itit代替其做形式主语。代替其做形式主语。例:例:To g

3、o in for sports helps you stay fit.To go in for sports helps you stay fit. It helps you stay fit to go in for sports. It helps you stay fit to go in for sports. 注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由forfor或或ofof引出,引出, 逻辑主语由逻辑主语由ofof引出时,表语的形容词为引出时,表语的形容词为kindkind,nicenice, goodgood,politepolite,clevercle

4、ver,foolishfoolish,rightright,wrongwrong等等 表示性格品质评价的形容词。表示性格品质评价的形容词。 例:例:ItIts right of him to refuse the invitation.s right of him to refuse the invitation. (him (him为逻辑主语为逻辑主语) )点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,除了点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,除了直接作直接作 主语主语外,常放在:外,常放在: It is It is adjadj(形容词)(形容词)to do sthto do sth或或 It is

5、It is n n(名词)(名词)to do sthto do sth句型中,句型中, itit仅作形式主语。仅作形式主语。 动动 词词 宾宾 语语 此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。例:例:would you like to see my photos?would you like to see my photos? Kevin planned to visit his uncle. Kevin planned to visit his uncle. 类似用法的词还有:类似用法的词还有: startstart,wantwant,agreeagree,hopeho

6、pe,beginbegin,decidedecide agree agree,lovelove,like like ,hate hate ,preferprefer等。等。 I found it very difficult to get a job.(itI found it very difficult to get a job.(it为形式宾语为形式宾语) )点击规律:这些动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思点击规律:这些动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思 区别不大区别不大提示板:提示板:like doinglike doing指经常性动作,而指经常性动作,而like to

7、 dolike to do指一次性的动作。指一次性的动作。 I like swimmingI like swimming,but I donbut I dont like to swim nowt like to swim now 我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 stopstop,forgetforget,rememberremember,go on go on ,trytry等词或短语后面可以等词或短语后面可以接不定式。接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板:提示板: 1 1)

8、stop to do sthstop to do sth:停止一件事,去做另一件事。:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sthstop doing sth:停止正在做的事。:停止正在做的事。 例句:例句: When the teacher came inWhen the teacher came in,the students stopped the students stopped talking talking; 当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话; when he came outwhen he came out,the students st

9、opped to talkthe students stopped to talk 当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。 2 2)思考:)思考:forgetforget,rememberremember,go ongo on,trytry等词或短语后面接等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别?不定式和动名词用法有何区别? 点击规律:在点击规律:在findfindfeelfeelititadjadjto do sthto do sth句型中,句型中,itit是是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如:如: The m

10、an downstairs found it difficult to get to sleepThe man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the textI feel it easy to recite the text 点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语, 又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造 句子加以区分,如上页的句子加以区分,如上页的stopsto

11、p例句。例句。 表表 语语 放在连系动词放在连系动词bebe后面后面 例句:例句:His wish is to become a scientistHis wish is to become a scientist Our duty is to protect the enviroment.Our duty is to protect the enviroment. The first important thing is to save the The first important thing is to save the soldiers soldiers lives lives 当务之

12、急是抢救战士们的生命。当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。 返回定定 语语 动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词 、代词的后面。例:、代词的后面。例: He is the first person to sail around the world.He is the first person to sail around the world. I have a lot of work to do I have a lot of

13、 work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boyThe doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、 代词之后。代词之后。 提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系, 且动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如:且动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如: I have a small

14、bedroom to live inI have a small bedroom to live in Have you got some pens to write withHave you got some pens to write with? 作作 状状 语语 a a目的状语:放在目的状语:放在gogo,comecome,useuse,livelive,in orderin order等词后面。等词后面。如:如: I come to see youI come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in timeHe runs fa

15、st in order to get there in time They brought in photos of their families for me to look at They brought in photos of their families for me to look at b b原因状语:放在原因状语:放在sorrysorry,gladglad,surprisedsurprised, disappointeddisappointed,excitedexcited等词后面。(有些资料上把这类称为不定式在等词后面。(有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价等的形

16、容词后,对其进行补充说明,表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明,作形容词补足语)如:作形容词补足语)如: I am glad to see you hereI am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble youI am sorry to trouble you c c作结果状语。如:作结果状语。如: Some of the apples are hard to reachSome of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 peopleT

17、he room is large enough to hold 1000 people 返回宾语补足语宾语补足语(1)(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带toto: telltell,askask,wantwant,orderorder,teachteach,inviteinvite,warnwarn,wishwish,helphelp,getget,wishwish,等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例:,等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例: I tell him not to go there by bus I tell him not to go there by bus (

18、2)(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see(see,watchwatch,hearhear,feelfeel,makemake,letlet,havehave, observeobserve, noticenotice, helphelp等等) )后后不带不带to to 的不定式作宾补。如:的不定式作宾补。如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a dayThe boss makes them work 16 hours a day 提示板:若变成提示板:若变成被动语态被动语态,在上述结构中,在上述结构中,不定式符号不定式符号t

19、oto要加上要加上。如:如: They are made They are made toto work 16 hours a day by the boss work 16 hours a day by the boss “疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”用法用法 不定式前可带不定式前可带whatwhat,whowho,whichwhich,wherewhere,whenwhen,how, how, whosewhose,等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、,等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例:主语等。例: He didnHe didnt tell me w

20、here to go. (t tell me where to go. (直宾直宾) ) I don I dont know what to say now.(t know what to say now.(宾语宾语) ) I dont know what to do next I dont know what to do next(宾语)(宾语) He taught us how to use the computerHe taught us how to use the computer(宾语补足(宾语补足语)语) Its still a question how to get there

21、Its still a question how to get there(主语)(主语) 在初中阶段还涉及到在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式不定式被动语态一般式(to be+(to be+过去分词过去分词) )”例:例:There are twenty more trees to be planted.There are twenty more trees to be planted. 根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1Would you like_(go)shopping with me? 2It took us half an

22、 hour_(work)out the problem 3He is old enough_(join)the army 4I feel strange_(have)a twin sister 5They prefer_(stay)at home rather than go out 6We saw them_(come)into the room just now 7I am sorryI forgot_(tell)you the news 8His plan is_(spend)a few days in the mountains 9Have you decided which one_(choose)?)? 10Do you know when_(start)?)? 11He is too weak_(carry)the big stone to go 宾语to work 主语to join 结果状语to have 形容词补足语(原)to stay 宾语to come 宾补to tell 宾语to spend 表语to choose 定语to start 不定式短语作宾语to carry 结果状语Thank you!Thank you!

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