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1、十六、状语从句十六、状语从句类别类别连词连词时间时间when(当当时时)whenever(每当每当)as(当当时时)since(自从自从到现在到现在)till(直到直到) until(直到直到) before(在在之前之前) after(在在以后以后) as soon as(一一就就) once(一旦一旦) the moment(一一就就) the first time(第一次第一次) the day(在在那天那天) no sooner.than(刚刚就就) hardly/scarcely/barely.when/before(刚刚就就) the minute(一一就就) the second
2、(一一就就) every time(每次每次) each time(每次每次) directly(一一就就) immediately/instantly(一一就就) 类别类别连词连词地点地点 where(在在地方地方)，wherever(任何地方，无论哪里任何地方，无论哪里) 类别类别连词连词条件条件 if(如果如果)unless(除非，如果不除非，如果不)providing / provided that(假如假如)as(so) long as(只要只要) on condition that(条件是条件是) suppose / supposing that(假如假如)assume / ass
3、uming that(假如假如) in case(万一万一) only if(只要只要) 类别类别连词连词原因原因 because(因为因为)since(既然既然)as(因为因为)now that(既然既然) seeing (that)(既然既然) considering (that)(考虑到考虑到) in that(在在某方面某方面) 类别类别连词连词让步让步 though(尽管，虽然尽管，虽然)although(尽管，虽然尽管，虽然)even if / though(即使即使)as(尽管尽管) while(虽然，尽管虽然，尽管) whatever(无论什么无论什么) wherever(无论
4、哪里无论哪里) whoever(无论谁无论谁) however(无论怎样无论怎样) no matterwh词词.(不论不论) whether.or(不管不管还是还是) 类别类别连词连词比较比较as.as(像像一样一样)，than(比比)方式方式as(像像，犹如，犹如)，as if / though(好像，仿佛好像，仿佛)，the way(的方式的方式)目的目的so that(为了，以便为了，以便)，in order that(为为了了)，lest(以防以防)，for fear that(以防，以防，唯恐唯恐)结果结果so that(结果结果)，so.that(如此如此以至以至于于)，such.
5、that (如此如此以至于以至于)连词连词例句例句解说解说whileDont talk so loud while your mother is having a rest.While Jim was reading，Jack was writing.“在在期间期间”表示表示延续性动作或状态，延续性动作或状态，可译为可译为“一边一边一一边边”Jane was dressed in white while Mary in black.特殊用法，特殊用法，“而而” 表表对比对比(这种用法常被看这种用法常被看作并列连词作并列连词)While I admit his good points I can
6、 see his bad.特殊用法，特殊用法，“尽管尽管”(此用法也被视为此用法也被视为表让步表让步) (三三)常见从属连词在各种状语从句中的用法常见从属连词在各种状语从句中的用法1时间状语从句时间状语从句连词连词例句例句解说解说when It was raining when we arrived. “当当时时”表示时表示时间的一点间的一点 He entered the room when the meeting was going on. “在在期间期间”表延表延续性动作或状态续性动作或状态 We were about to set off on our way when it sudde
7、nly began to rain. “在这时，在那时在这时，在那时”常与常与be about to do / be on the point of doing连用连用(此用法亦此用法亦可视作并列连词可视作并列连词) 连词连词例句例句解说解说as As time went on，his theory proved to be correct. As she was reading the letter，she was shedding tears. “一边一边一边一边”表表示主句和从句的动作示主句和从句的动作同时发生，可译为同时发生，可译为“随着随着” As he finished the s
8、peech，the audience burst into applause. “当当时时”表示时表示时间点间点 连词连词例句例句解说解说wheneverCome whenever you like.“无论何时无论何时”表示表示任何不具体时间任何不具体时间beforeIt will be half a year before I come back.“要过要过才才”afterHe arrived after the game started.“在在之后之后”连词连词例句例句解说解说sinceHe has lived in the city since I came here.“自从自从到现在到
9、现在”until / tillShe didnt enter the room until I came back.She stood there until I left.“直到直到”，肯定句，肯定句只限用延续性动词；只限用延续性动词；短暂性动词只用于短暂性动词只用于“not.until.(直到直到才才)”句型。句型。till一般不置一般不置于句首。于句首。2.原因状语从句原因状语从句 连词连词例句例句 解说解说becauseBecause he didnt obey the rules，he was punished.表直接原因或理由，表直接原因或理由，回答回答why提问必须用提问必须用b
10、ecauseforIt must be morning now，for the birds are singing.表示从前句内容推断表示从前句内容推断出的理由，不用于句出的理由，不用于句首。首。(此用法也被认为此用法也被认为是并列句是并列句)I didnt go to see him for a heavy snow was falling.表示原因，此处相当表示原因，此处相当于于becausesinceSince everybody is here，lets begin our discussion.“既然既然”，表已知的，表已知的显然的理由显然的理由2.原因状语从句原因状语从句 连词连词
11、例句例句 解说解说as As it is raining，we shall not go to the zoo. “因为因为”，表示对主句，表示对主句的附带说明的附带说明 now (that) Now that you are old enough，be independent. “既然既然”，相当于，相当于since 3.地点状语从句地点状语从句 连词连词例句例句解说解说whereCorn grows best where the ground is rich.Where there is water，there is life.“在在的地的地方，方，”“”“哪里哪里”whereverHe
12、will work wherever the people need him.Wherever he may go, he will be happy.“无论哪里无论哪里”，“不管什么不管什么地方地方”4.条件状语从句条件状语从句连词连词例句例句解说解说ifIf you do that I shall be very pleased.“如果如果”unlessI shall go tomorrow unless it rains.“除非，如果除非，如果不不”相当于相当于if notin caseI shall take an umbrella with me in case it rains.“
13、以防；万一以防；万一”连词连词例句例句解说解说as (so) long asYou may use the room as you like，as long as you clean it up afterwards.“只要只要”on condition that I will lend you the money on condition that you pay it back in one month.“在在的的条件下条件下”，“只要只要”5.方式状语从句方式状语从句连词连词例句例句解说解说asYou ought to write as he does.They watched her
14、closely as a cat watches a rat.“像像一样一样”as if (though)I remember the whole thing，as if it happened yesterday.He treats me as if I were a stranger.“好像，仿佛好像，仿佛”从句可用陈述语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟气，也可用虚拟语气语气6.比较状语从句比较状语从句连词连词例句例句解说解说as.as.He is as tall as I“和和/像像一样一样”前一个前一个as是副词，是副词，修饰修饰adj.和和adv.第二第二个个as是连词，连接是连词，连接
15、状语从句状语从句(not) so.as.He does not smoke so(as) heavily as his brother.“不如不如”，用，用于否定句于否定句连连词词例句例句解说解说thanHe is taller than I.Her pronunciation is better than mine.I like visiting friends better than watching TV at home.It is cheaper to go by car than by train.比较从句通常是一种比较从句通常是一种省略形式。省略与主省略形式。省略与主句相同的部分，
16、以突句相同的部分，以突出相比的部分；使句出相比的部分；使句子更简练。常体现在子更简练。常体现在同类的主语与主语比，同类的主语与主语比，同类的宾语与宾语比，同类的宾语与宾语比，同类的状语与状语比同类的状语与状语比连词连词例句例句解说解说as. as ./thanHe woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.I can walk faster than you can run.She sees me more often than she sees her brother.如果主句与从句如果主句与从句类比部分不尽相类比部分不尽相同，或者要避免同，或者
17、要避免产生歧义，则从产生歧义，则从句的成分必须齐句的成分必须齐全，不宜省略全，不宜省略7.目的状语从句目的状语从句连词连词例句例句解说解说so that Lets take the front seat so that we may see clearly.“以便以便”，so有时有时省略省略in order thatHe got up early in order that she might catch the train.“以便，为了以便，为了”，较正式，可置于主较正式，可置于主句前面句前面8结果状语从句结果状语从句连词连词例句例句解说解说 so thatHe studied hard s
18、o (that) he got good marks.“所以所以”，“因此因此”so.thatIt was so cold that few people could be seen outside.He is so good a student that we all like him.“如此如此以至于以至于”，so修饰修饰adj./adv.，或，或soadj.a/an单数名词单数名词such . thatIt was such fine weather that we all went to the park.He is such a good teacher that we all li
19、ke him.“如此如此以至于以至于”，such修饰名词修饰名词(suchn.(pl.)/n.U)9.让步状语从句让步状语从句连词连词例句例句解说解说though/asHe is unhappy though he is rich.“尽管尽管”“”“虽然虽然”，不与，不与but连用连用Student though / as he is，he knows a lot.Clever boy though / as he is，he doesnt know this.Try though / as he might，he couldnt achieve his aim.“尽管尽管”，此处，此处tho
20、ugh可用可用as代代替，由表语替，由表语/状语状语/动词原形动词原形though，表语是，表语是单数可数名词时单数可数名词时要用零冠词要用零冠词althoughAlthough it was raining hard，yet they went on playing.“尽管尽管”“”“虽然虽然”连词连词例句例句解说解说no matter./ wheverNo matter how / However long it takes，well have to work hard.Whatever happens，we shall never lose our hope.Wherever you g
21、o，I will follow you.“无论无论”，“不不管管”，no matterwh词通常词通常可与可与whever互换，互换，引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句whetherWhether you are young or old，you have the chance.“不管不管还是还是” (四四)使用状语从句需注意的几个问题使用状语从句需注意的几个问题1状语从句的时态状语从句的时态例句例句注释注释I will wait till he comes.I will go where I am most needed by our motherland.If it rains tomorr
22、ow, well stay at home.He wont finish his work in time though he works hard.He said whenever I was in trouble I could turn to him.You wont understand the story completely until you have finished reading it.He will pay a visit to you as soon as he gets here.1)主句的谓语动词是将来主句的谓语动词是将来时态，而状语从句却用一时态，而状语从句却用一
23、般时态。在含有时间、地般时态。在含有时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从点、条件、让步等状语从句的句子中，通常都是这句的句子中，通常都是这样。样。2)其具体规则是：用一般其具体规则是：用一般现在时代替一般将来时；现在时代替一般将来时；用一般过去时代替过去将用一般过去时代替过去将来时；用现在完成时代替来时；用现在完成时代替将来完成时。将来完成时。例句例句省去的部分省去的部分省后形成省后形成的状语结的状语结构构He speaks English as well as an Englishman.句子末尾的句子末尾的speaks (does)conj.n.He speaks English as well
24、 as French.第二个第二个“as”后的后的he speaks (does)例句例句省去的部分省去的部分省后形成省后形成的状语结的状语结构构Ill do work when possible.when后的后的it isconj.adj.He hurried to leave the room as if angry.as if后的后的he was例句例句省去的部分省去的部分省后形成省后形成的状语结的状语结构构He is seldom, if ever, absent from school.if后的后的he isconj.adv.When in doubt, ask the chairm
25、an himself.when后的后的you areconj.prepphr.例句例句省去的部分省去的部分省后形省后形成的状成的状语结构语结构While crossing the road, you should watch out.while后的后的you areconj.VingFilm has a much shorter history, especially when compared to such art forms as music and painting. When后的后的film is conj.VedAlthough frightened, he managed to
26、run away.although后的后的he was3.状语从句与其他从句的区别状语从句与其他从句的区别关联词关联词状语从句状语从句其他从句其他从句whoeverWhoever you are, you must obey the regulations.注注：whoeverno matter who，“无无论谁论谁”，“不管谁不管谁”，从属连词引导，从属连词引导让步从句让步从句“不管你不管你是谁是谁”，修饰后面，修饰后面的主句。的主句。Whoever arrives first will win the gold medals.注注：whoeveranyone who.，“凡凡是是人人”，
27、“无论无论哪个哪个”，连接副词引，连接副词引起主语从句，起主语从句，“凡是凡是首达者首达者”，“无论谁无论谁第一个到第一个到”，是，是“will win”动作的发动作的发出者。出者。关联词关联词状语从句状语从句其他从句其他从句when I was the happiest when my parents were together with me. 注注：when “当当的的时候时候”，从属连词，从属连词引导状语从句表时引导状语从句表时间，修饰前面的主间，修饰前面的主句。句。 I was the happiest during the time when my parents were tog
28、ether with me.注：注：when相当相当at which (at that time)，关系副词引导定语从关系副词引导定语从句，对先行词句，对先行词the time起限制作用。起限制作用。 关联词关联词状语从句状语从句其他从句其他从句where The graduates should go where they are needed most. 注：注：where，从属连词，引，从属连词，引导地点状语从句，导地点状语从句，“最需最需要他们的地方要他们的地方”，表示主，表示主句的谓语不及物动词句的谓语不及物动词“go”的地点。的地点。 Where there is a will,
29、there is a way.注：注：where从属连词从属连词“在在的地方的地方”。“哪里哪里”，引导地点从句，修饰主，引导地点从句，修饰主句，可置于主句之前，或句，可置于主句之前，或之后，或其中。之后，或其中。 The graduates should go to the place where they are needed most. 注：注：where，关系副词，相，关系副词，相当于当于in which，引导定语从，引导定语从句修饰先行词句修饰先行词the place。 That is where the scientist once lived. 注注：连接副词：连接副词where
30、引导表引导表语从句，常处连系动词之后。语从句，常处连系动词之后。 I dont know where he is. 注：注：宾语从句，受动词宾语从句，受动词know的支配。的支配。 They settled the problem where the teachers lived. 注：注：同位语从句，与名词同位语从句，与名词the problem “平起平坐平起平坐”，补充，补充说明说明problem的内容。的内容。(定语定语从句前面的名词表地点从句前面的名词表地点) 关联词关联词状语从句状语从句其他从句其他从句so.that. so.as. The question is so diffi
31、cult that no one can answer it.注：注：从属连词从属连词that引引导结果状语从句。导结果状语从句。“so.that.”相当于相当于汉语汉语“如此如此以以至于至于”。从句中。从句中的各种成分齐全。的各种成分齐全。that本身不担任成分本身不担任成分，只起引导作用。前只起引导作用。前面的面的“so”是副词。是副词。It is so difficult a question as no one can answer. 注：注：as是关系代词是关系代词，其作用是：引导定语其作用是：引导定语从句；代替先行词从句；代替先行词a question；在从句中；在从句中作作 “a
32、nswer”的宾语。的宾语。关联词关联词状语从句状语从句其他从句其他从句such. that. He is such a good speaker that we all believe him. 注：注：与上句一样，与上句一样，that是从属连词引导是从属连词引导结果状语从句。前结果状语从句。前面的面的such是形容词。是形容词。 He is such a good speaker as we all believe. 注：注：关系代词关系代词as引导引导定语从句修饰先行词定语从句修饰先行词 (such a good) speaker。 关联词关联词状语从句状语从句其他从句其他从句其他其他 It was midnight when he arrived in Shanghai. 注：注：when从属连词从属连词引导状语从句表时引导状语从句表时间，句首的间，句首的 “it” 指时间。指时间。 It was at midnight that he arrived in Shanghai. 注：注：“It was.that.”属强调结属强调结构。构。“it”在此处没在此处没具体意义，只作引词具体意义，只作引词被用来改变或形成一被用来改变或形成一个句子结构。个句子结构。that亦亦不作成分，只起引导不作成分，只起引导作用。作用。
