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1、Grammar3.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem. What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? 2.Smokingisbadforyou.1.Youareastudent.4.“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.5.Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.6.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.7.Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.subjectA sentence serving as subject is called Su
2、bject Clause.主语从句主语从句 充当主语的句子叫充当主语的句子叫主语从句主语从句Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious.Howyougotmeblindisstillamystery.Thatshewonthegamemadeherveryhappy.Whathesaidisnottrue.Whattheyneedisadictionary. 结论结论 主语从句多位于主语从句多位于_句首主语的位置句首主语的位置Try to draw a conclusion.Who
3、 will go makes no difference.Which is the best is not certain.Why dinosaurs died out is still unknown.When we will get together has not been decided.How she can keep healthy is a secret.Whether he will come is not very important.Who will goWhich is the bestWhy dinosaurs died outWhen we will get toge
4、therHow she can keep healthyWhether he will come找出主语从句找出主语从句引导主语从句的关联词有三类：引导主语从句的关联词有三类：1)从属连词从属连词that如如:Thattheyweretruesisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.很明显很明显,她们确是亲姐妹她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似她们的脸型很相似。NOTE: that 不可省，无意义，起连接作用；从句结构完整。不可省，无意义，起连接作用；从句结构完整。 2)从属连词从属连词whetherWhetherhellcomeher
5、eisntclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。他是否会来这里还不清楚。3)连接代词连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,连接连接副词副词where,when,how,why。Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。她干了什么尚不清楚。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事怎样发生的这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。谁也不清楚。Whoevercomesiswelcome.不论谁来都欢迎。不论谁来都欢迎。4)4)有时用有时用itit作形式主语，将主语从作形式主语，将主
6、语从句后置句后置, , 这样做是为了避免句子头这样做是为了避免句子头重脚轻。重脚轻。常用句型如下：常用句型如下：It+ be +名词名词+ that 从句从句It+ be + 形容词形容词+ that从句从句It+ be + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词+ that从句从句It+ be + 不及物动词不及物动词+ that从句从句主语从句三要素主语从句三要素hebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.whatyoutoldmeistrue.谓谓语语动动词词一一般般用用单单数数从从句句用用陈陈述述语语序序不不能能省省略略关关联联词词How主语从句的注意问题主语从句
7、的注意问题1.一个句子作主语时，主句的谓语动词应为一个句子作主语时，主句的谓语动词应为单数。单数。Whetherhewillcomedependsontheweather.2.what引导的句子作主语时，谓语动词的引导的句子作主语时，谓语动词的数由句子的内容决定（即由表语决定数由句子的内容决定（即由表语决定)。WhatIwantismoney.WhatweneedaregoodbooksWhathesaidisreasonable.Whatwewilldohasntbeendecided.3.wherehewasbornandwherehelivesnowarenotclear.Wherean
8、dwhenhewasbornremainsasecret.两个或两个以上的主从联合做主语，主句谓语动两个或两个以上的主从联合做主语，主句谓语动词应为复数。词应为复数。两个或两个以上的连词引导一个从句，主句谓语两个或两个以上的连词引导一个从句，主句谓语动词应为单数。动词应为单数。4.whetherhewillcomeisntclear.(不能换成不能换成if)Itisntclearwhether/ifhewillcome.(可以与可以与if进进行替换行替换)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果引导，但是如果用用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可做形
9、式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用以用if引导引导.1.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when2.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave5.what与与that在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语如主语、宾语、表语,而而that则不然。则不然。1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatshei
10、sstillaliveisaconsolation. 3._makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.AWhatBWhoCWhateverDWhoever6. Whatever and whoeverWhatever=anythingthatWhoever=anyonewho不管是谁犯了法不管是谁犯了法,他都应该受到惩罚。他都应该受到惩罚。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.=Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.4.Thesewildflowers
11、aresospecialthatIwoulddo_Icantosavethem.AwhateverBthatCwhichDwhichever7.用于用于Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossiblethat.句型中句型中,主主语从句应使用虚拟语气语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用谓语动词用“should+动词原形动词原形”的形式的形式,should有有时有感情色彩。时有感情色彩。Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requestedthatsb(should)dosth5._ do shopping depends on the we
12、ather. A. When will we B. When we will C. What will we D. What we will 【常见错误展示常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshescomingornotdoesntmattermuch.Thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。句首时不能省略。Whetherif,whether都可表示都可表示“是否是否”,但但if
13、不能引不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。的主语从句。3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhasnotbeendecided.Whatthat引导主语从句时无词义。引导主语从句时无词义。Whattheprofessorsaid表示表示“教授所说的教授所说的”。将将will置于置于trees之后。主语从句要之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。用陈述句语序。5.Nomatterwhobreakst
14、herulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainaquestion.引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用导名词性从句时只能用whoever。Whoever主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。单数形式。remain7.Whatwereyourproblemsayearagohasnowbecomemine.8.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.has要改为要改
15、为have。主语从句表示复。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。have在在“Itisrequested/ordered/suggested+that从句从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用即谓语用“should+动词原形动词原形”，should可省略。可省略。(should)make1.Whereshallwespendtheholidayisntdecided.2.Yourhavemadeamistakeisafact.3.Thatiscertainthatwecanwin.4.Nomatterwholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.5.Itisimportantthatastudentlearnsaforeignlanguage.weshallThatyouhaveItisWhoevershouldlearn改错练习改错练习
