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1、语态：表示语态：表示主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之间的关系。之间的关系。英语有英语有两种语态两种语态，即，即主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。 主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如：Many students study English.(主动语态主动语态) English is studied by many students. (被动语态被动语态)语态语态肯定句肯定句：主语：主语be + 过去分词过去分词(by )否定句否定句：主语：主语be not 过去分词过去分词(by )一般
2、疑问句一般疑问句：Be 主语过去分词主语过去分词(by )? 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句： 疑问词疑问词be主语过去分词主语过去分词 (by ) 被动语态的被动语态的时态时态是由是由be的时态决定的，的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动动词后面的过去分词不变。词后面的过去分词不变。by many students.English is studiedby many students.English is not studiedby many students.1.Many students study English.English is studie
3、d2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoes are madeby themin that factory.1.把主动语态的把主动语态的宾语宾语变为被动语态的变为被动语态的主语主语。2.把主动语态的把主动语态的谓语谓语变为被动语态的变为被动语态的谓语谓语。3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。（短语。（ by短语可以省。短语可以省。 by短语短语 后跟代词的宾格。）后跟代词的宾格。）by the teacher.3.The teacher often asks him questions.Heis asked quest
4、ions1. 找宾语找宾语 -即动作的承受者即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数 -即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.are made3. 判断动词的时态判断动词的时态 -即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 5. 修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 -即即by+ 主语主语/ 宾语宾语. by them.主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤宾变主宾变主, ,主变宾主变宾, ,前加前加byby动变被动变被, ,看清看清be, be, 结构分别结
5、构分别be+ ppbe+ pp 助动词助动词be有人称、数的变化有人称、数的变化,其变化规其变化规则与则与be作为连系动词时一样。作为连系动词时一样。如：如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.被动语态的结构被动语态的结构am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词1.1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：一般现在时的被动语态结构：1. They bought ten computers last term by them last term.2
6、.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were +过去分词过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many trees were plantedTen computerswere bought3.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：一般将来时的被动语态结构：will be+过去分词过去分词1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The work will be finished2.Tom will clean the room tomor
7、row.The roomwill be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.4.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care of2.You should drink more water.More water should be drunkby you.5.5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构现在进行时的被动语态的结构is / am / are + being 过去分词过去分
8、词1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby some workers now.The rooms are being painted2.He is watching TV.TVis being watched by him.6.6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构现在完成时的被动语态的结构have / has been 过去分词过去分词1.We have made twenty more keysby us.Twenty more keys have been made2.We have finished our compositions.Our com
9、positions have been finished by us.表格：被动态基本结构表格：被动态基本结构时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being doneshall/will be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been doneSuch books are writte
10、n for children. Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。I havent been told about it . I havent been told about it . 没有人告诉我这件事没有人告诉我这件事没有人告诉我这件事没有人告诉我这件事被动语态的用法被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.Its / was said / believed / reported / + that Its report
11、ed that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。 （2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。短语。The cup was broken by David.（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.如：如：如：如：1.He gave 1.He gave meme a book. a book. I I was given a book by him. was given a
12、 book by him. （以（以（以（以I I做主语）做主语）做主语）做主语） A bookA book was given to me by Tom. was given to me by Tom. （以物（以物（以物（以物bookbook作主语）作主语）作主语）作主语） 注意事项注意事项1. 1.带双宾语句子的被动语态带双宾语句子的被动语态带双宾语句子的被动语态带双宾语句子的被动语态. .（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，（指物的宾语叫直接宾语， 指人的宾语叫间接宾语）指人的宾语叫间接宾语）指人的宾语叫间接宾语）指人的宾语叫间接宾语）常见的接双宾语
13、的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有: :七给一带七给一带七给一带七给一带: pass, give, show, hand: pass, give, show, hand，send, writesend, write, , bring bring 买画唱做买画唱做买画唱做买画唱做: make, buy, draw, sing, get,: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以以以以“ “人人人人” ”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以以以以“
14、 “物物物物” ”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加toto或或或或for.for.七给一带七给一带七给一带七给一带 to 不少，买画唱做不少，买画唱做不少，买画唱做不少，买画唱做 for 来帮来帮来帮来帮keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足三类的动词常常有宾语补足 语，语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。 We keep food fresh in the fridge. 主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾补宾补 Food is kept fresh in t
15、he fridge. I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to go into the office building. 2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态 不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语态。
16、在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词动词的介词或副词.They take good care of my child. My child is taken good care of .I turned off the radio. The radio was turned off (by me) 3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态含有短语的主动语态变被动语态即即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，这些词在主动，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加句中，其后的动词不定式不加t
17、o，但变被，但变被动句时必须加动句时必须加to. 1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.He was seen to play basketball last Sunday.2.We heard them sing in the classroom.They was heard to sing in the classroom.4.4.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词和使役动词的被动语态（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词 时，不能改为被动语态。时，不能改为被动语态。 We often help ea
18、ch other. 我们常常互相帮助。我们常常互相帮助。 （2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have , like , take place , belong to ） 如：如： I like these flowers. 我喜欢这些花。我喜欢这些花。 I will have a meeting. 不说不说A meeting will be had. 应说应说A meeting will be held . 5.5.不能用于被动语态的几种情况不能用于被动语态的几种情况 把下列句子变成被动语态把下列句子变成被动语态:1)A car knocked him dow
19、n yesterday.2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen treeA fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by twoPractice4)Well put on the play next Sunday5)Workers are b
20、uilding a new teaching building in our school6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year The play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of last year1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sug
21、ar. 1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took place A. have been taken pl
22、ace B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place C. have taken place D. were taken place3. The new type of car is going to _ in three years. 3. The new type of car is going to _ in three years. A. turn out B. be turned out A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned o
23、ut C. has turned out D. have been turned out4. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. 4. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced ,
24、die被动语态专项练习：选择填空被动语态专项练习：选择填空5. 5. Do you like the skirt ? Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . 6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ fo
25、r ? Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait 7. _ to know Professor Zhang. 7. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says C. He is said D.
26、It says 8. 8. I want to sit at the table near the window. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it takes A. it took B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken C. it is taking D. it has been taken9. The letter _ three days ago and it_ ye
27、sterday. 9. The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived10. He told me that the final examin
28、ation _ next 10. He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday. Thursday. A. is given B. will be given A. is given B. will be given C. would have given D. would be given C. would have given D. would be given11. Water _ into ice. 11. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed A. wil
29、l changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed C. should change D. can be changed 12. Plays _ twice a month in that theatre. 12. Plays _ twice a month in that theatre. A. put on B. are put on A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on C. was put on D. often put on 13. The
30、 birds _ fly away last Saturday. 13. The birds _ fly away last Saturday. A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were let to A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were let to 14. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. 14. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard A. w
31、as heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 15. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. 15. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for C. was sent to D. will be sent for 16. Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the 16. Mi
32、ss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting. meeting. A. has been asked B. has been asked A. has been asked B. has been asked C. Have been asked D. have been asked C. Have been asked D. have been asked17. Meat _ out in this shop . We can _ now. 17. Meat _ out in this shop . We can _ now. A. have been s
33、old , get nothing A. have been sold , get nothing B. has been sold , get nothing B. has been sold , get nothing C. has been sold , get some C. has been sold , get some D. have been sold , get some D. have been sold , get some18. The new play _ in theatre now . Why dont you 18. The new play _ in thea
34、tre now . Why dont you go in and see it ? go in and see it ? A. is being shown B. is showing A. is being shown B. is showing C. is shown D. shows C. is shown D. shows19. Can you tell _ ? 19. Can you tell _ ? A. when did it happen B. when was it happened A. when did it happen B. when was it happened
35、C. when it happened D. when it was happened C. when it happened D. when it was happened 20. _ the job _ by Lucy or by John ? 20. _ the job _ by Lucy or by John ? Tell me the truth , please. Tell me the truth , please. A. Has finished A. Has finished B. Has being finished B. Has being finished C. Is
36、finish C. Is finish D. Has been finished D. Has been finished用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空 1. When _ the first man-made satellite _ 1. When _ the first man-made satellite _ （sendsend）up into space ? up into space ? 2. Last year vegetables _ (grow 2. Last year vegetable
37、s _ (grow）in the garden by in the garden by Tom and he _ (sellTom and he _ (sell）them himself. them himself. 3. She _ 3. She _ （helphelp）him with his homework tomorrow him with his homework tomorrow evening. evening. 4. How many magazines _4. How many magazines _（ can borrowcan borrow）in your in your library every week ? library every week ? 5. John _5. John _（hearhear）to go upstairs two hours ago. to go upstairs two hours ago. 6. 6. Who _ Who _ （savesave）her father ? her father ? He _ He _ （savesave）by that policeman. by that policeman.
