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1、剑桥少儿英语教师上岗培训讲座剑桥少儿英语教师上岗培训讲座A Training Session for Pre-service Teachers of CYLE26/11/20051剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Enjoyable and Effective 2剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Outline 提纲提纲 Children as language learners 儿童学习语言的特点Approaches & Principles 教学途径和原则Effective teaching strategies有效的教学策略Priorities for CYLE剑桥少儿英语的教学重点3剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲
2、座学习目标学习目标 Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you are expected to 听了今天的讲座，希望您能1.State the characteristics of children learning English说出少儿学习外语的特点l小学生的特点、学习过程、学习的条件2.Explain the key principles and strategies for teaching young learners English解释少儿英语教学的重要原则和策略l以学生为中心、交际为导向、活动为基础4剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Please
3、ask yourself：lWhy do children learn English? 少儿英语教学的主要目的是什么？lWhat are their characteristics? 少儿学习外语有哪些特点？lWhat approach is more effective?什么样的教学途径对少儿更有效?5剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座少儿英语教学的目的少儿英语教学的目的了解英语国家文化形成世界意识初步形成英语学习策略良好的语音基础初步的口头交际能力 学习和掌握英语语言基础知识建立英语学习的兴趣和信心 形成积极的态度7剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座少儿作为外语学习者少儿作为外语学习
4、者young learners of EnglishlYoung learners: strengths and weaknesses少儿学习外语的优势和弱点lLanguage learning approaches for young learners少儿语言学习的途径lExternal conditions for effective YLE少儿英语学习的外部条件8剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座学习能力是与生俱来的学习能力是与生俱来的The ability to learn is innate. l学习是在一定的社会文化情境中，通过参与活动、与他人交流而实现的意义建构过程。Learning is
5、 a process of meaning construction in a socio-cultural context by the learners involvement in the activities and communicationl每个学生都是积极的探究者和知识建构者。l学生原有的知识经验是新知识的生长基点。l学生需求、兴趣和自主性是有效学习的内部基础。l与他人的互动和正确的引导对意义建构非常重要。9剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Children as language learners儿童作为语言学习者10剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Childrenaremoreenthusia
6、sticandlivelyareboldtohaveagoatanactivityhavelesspsycho-stressonlearninghavemoretimetolearn热情积极活泼勇于参与活动心理压力较少学习时间较多11剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座But theylarelesscognitivelydevelopedlcantretaintheirattentionlonglloseinterestmorequicklylhavelesslearningexperiencel认知水平较低l注意保持较短l容易丧失兴趣l学习经验较少12剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座少儿如何有效地学英语？少儿
7、如何有效地学英语？How YL learn English?l通过类似母语习得的自然途径in a natural wayl通过在信任接受的氛围中互动by interacting with each other in an atmosphere of trust and acceptancel通过参与多种有趣的活动by participating in a variety of interesting activitiesl通过模仿和重复、唱歌和诵读等by imitating and repeating, singing and chanting13剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座自然的方式The na
8、tural wayExposure to language 感受语言Comprehension 理解意思Imitation 模仿Active use 活用语言Language input语言输入Language output语言输出14剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Notice注意注意 Want想学想学 Engage 参与参与Link 联系联系Succeed成功成功 少儿少儿学习语言的过程学习语言的过程the process of YL language learning15剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Clear objectives 的兴趣正确的示范正确的示范Correct demonstration
9、可理解的输入可理解的输入Understandable input轻松的氛围轻松的氛围Stress-free atmosphere有意义的互动有意义的互动Meaningful interaction积极的强化积极的强化Positive reinforcement充分的参与充分的参与Adequate involvement少儿学习英语的外部条件少儿学习英语的外部条件External Conditions for Children Learning English16剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座External Conditions for CYLElUnderstandableinput可理解的输入l
10、Correctdemonstration正确的示范lMeaningfulinteraction有意义的互动lAdequateinvolvement充分的参与lStress-freeatmosphere轻松的氛围lPositivereinforcement积极的强化17剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座l儿童以一种类似自然的语言习得方式学习外语l他们具备学习外语的优势和但也有劣势l他们的英语技能不是老师“教给”的，而是他们在参与学习活动过程中“学会”的。l他们学习外语需要有利的外部条件。重要理念重要理念 Key ideas18剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座常见的问题常见的问题Common problemsl教师
11、没有提供足够机会引起学生的注意l教学目标与学生的需要不一致l学生不愿努力尝试l词句太难；不知如何做；没趣味l活动机会不够难以记忆和运用l经历过多的失败失去信心l不能有效地建立联系不能活用l操练太狭窄；内容难于内化；或缺乏挑战性l如何改进？如何改进？19剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Implications for Teachers对教师的启示20剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座The teacher should beawarethatlanguageacquisitionisa natural process认识语言习得是个自然的过程Speech first 口语领先Step by step 循序渐进21
12、剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座2.adoptmethodscompatiblewiththechildrensdevelopmental stage 教学法方法适应儿童发展阶段Active, hands-on动手活动Multi-dimensional learning22剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座3. Makethelearningrelevanttochildrensinterests and perspective学习结合儿童的兴趣和认识Concrete vocabulary具体的词汇Here-and-now content身边的内容Start where children are23剑桥少儿英语
13、教师培训讲座4.Theteachershouldprovideunderstandable languageandnecessarysupport5.Theteachershouldprovidemanyopportunities forlanguageinteraction24剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座6.Theteachershouldsupportpupilsmotivation andself-esteemwhilediminishingtheiranxiety25剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座7.Theteachershouldvaluetheroleoftheclassroom envir
14、onmentinsupportinglearning26剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Behavioralapproach行为主义途径Focus: the reinforcement of behavior through repetition and rewardslTeacher controls learners behavior and learning processlTeacher has a clear lesson planlEnglish patterns are repeated through drills and choral repetitionlSuccess is re
15、inforced by praise and rewards27剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Input approach 语言输入途径Focus: the input of language from the teacher, tapes, reading materiallLearners are exposed to English understandable or just beyond their present level lLearners are not expected to produce language until they feel readylTeacher intro
16、duce new words and patterns through physical demonstrationlLearners are encouraged to be physically active28剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Humanistic approach人本主义途径 Focus: the importance of the inner thoughts and feelings of each learnerlDevelopment of inter-personal skills is encouragedlFocus is on the learning proce
17、sslEach child is allowed to make choice and pacelLearners are emotionally immersed in the lessonlMotivation comes from inside, not external rewardlChildren are ensured to feel least anxietylTeacher is a “facilitator” and encourage children learn naturally29剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Constructivist approach建构主义途径Fo
18、cus: child as an individual trying to make sense to the worldlEach child is an active explorerlA child tends to move in directions that have personal meaninglA child has the potential to reach beyond the present level, but needs to interact with adults and peers having more knowledgelA child learns
19、language in the attempt to communicate 30剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Three Important PrincipleslChild-Centeredperspective以儿童为中心的教育理念lSpeech-Orientedapproach以口语为导向教学途径lActivity-Basedinteraction以活动为基础的互动模式31剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Child-CenteredlYounglearnerscharacteristics,needsandinterest少儿的特点、需要和兴趣lLearner-centeredinstruction
20、in以学习者为中心的教学体现在ldesigningalesson（备课）lteachingalesson（上课）lassigninghomework（作业）lassessinglearning（评价）32剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Speech-OrientedlTeaching in English 用英语教学l Understandable input 可理解输入l Scaffolding 提供“脚手架”支持l Authentic language 真实的语言l Meaningful communication 有意义交流l Realia-supported interaction 教具辅助的
21、互动l Speech-based skill development 口语为基础的技能发展33剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Activity-BasedlActivating learning 激发学生积极性l Stimulating interest 刺激兴趣l Multiple Intelligence strategies 多元智能策略l Engaging all learners 促进全体参与l Group learning 小组集体活动l Peer tutorial 同伴互助l Integrating skills 整合技能l Recurrent practice 循环实践l Multi-
22、skilled communication 多技能的交流34剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Language Learning ActivitiesListening Listen and repeat 听听读读Listen and guess 听听猜猜Listen and act (match/find/draw, etc) 听听做做SpeakingDraw and ask questions 画图提问Whisper a sentence 轻声传话Pairs finding 寻找对子Speaking chain 连环说话Story telling 讲故事Guessing games猜谜游戏Inter
23、view/survey采访调查35剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座ReadingPhonics 认读方法Read and colour 阅读图色Read and match 阅读配对 Read and draw 阅读画图Word games 单词游戏Writing Spelling bee 拼词比赛Enriched dictation 多种听写Describing the picture 描述图片Journal writing 记日记36剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Priorities for CYLElPositive attitude toward learning English 学习英语的积极态度
24、lCorrect pronunciation and intonation 正确的语音语调lBasic skills of English 最基础的英语听说读写技能 Topics, structures, words as listed in the syllabuses 大纲中所列话题、结构和词汇37剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座A few more wordsWeshouldhaveastrongbeliefthat lEvery child will become a successful L2 learner 每个孩子都会是个成功的第二语言学习者lEvery child needs our
25、hand to hold 每个孩子都需要我们的扶持38剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Make sure to tell every child: You + Me = Specialand yourself: Progress = learning + practice + reflection39剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Time for Questions40剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Thank you for your attention.Good luck in your teaching.从此网站下载：41剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座The natural wayExposure to langu
26、age 感受语言Comprehension 理解意思Imitation 模仿Active use 活用语言Language input语言输入Language output语言输出42剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座感知运动阶段前运算阶段具体运算阶段逻辑运算阶段43剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Multiple Intelligences 多元智能Linguistic intelligence(“wordsmart”)(语言文字智能)Logical-mathematical intelligence(“logic/mathsmart)(逻辑-数学智能)Spatial intelligence(“pictur
27、esmart”)(视觉空间智能)Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence(“bodysmart”)(身体运动智能)Musical intelligence(“musicsmart”)(音乐旋律智能)Interpersonal intelligence(peoplesmart)(人际关系智能)Intrapersonal intelligence(selfsmart)(自我认识智能)Naturalist intelligence(“naturesmart”)(自然观察者智能)44剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座The Eight Intelligences45剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座
28、Scaffolding 提供“脚手架”Getting children interested in the task 激发儿童们对任务的兴趣Simplifying the task; breaking it down into smaller steps 简化任务、化整为零Keeping children on task; reminding them of goals 保持儿童们参与，提示学习目标Pointing out what is important 指出重点Preventing/managing frustration 预防/化解挫折46剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Choose what
29、 to say: SituationsYou meet a friendYou want to ask your teacher somethingYou see your teacherYour friend looks sadSomeone gives you an ice creamYou like the film very muchYou have to go homeIts your friends birthdayYou want to play tennis with your friendYou cant hear somethingYour mum wants to tak
30、e you shopping47剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Questions for Starters (A)1.Whatsyourname?Whatsyourfriendsname?2.Howdoyouspellyourname?3.Howoldareyou?Howoldisthemonkey?4.Whatsthis?Whatarethese?5.Whichisyourruler?6.Whatsinyourschoolbag?7.Whatcolourisyourbag?8.Whatcolourdoyoulike?Doyoulikepurple?9.Whosthatboy?10.Haveyoug
31、otabike?48剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座11.Hasthecatgotanyfish?Whathasitgot?12.Howmanychildrenarethereinthepicture?13.Whatsyourfavouritefruit?14.Whatdoyouwant?Doyouwantaburgeroranicecream?15.Whosebagisthis?IsitPeters?16.WhereisyourEnglishbook?17.Whathaveyougotforbreakfast?Whatsforlunch?18.Howdoyougotoschool?Doyougoto
32、schoolbybus?19.Whatdocatsliketoeat?20.Whatdoyoudoeveryday?49剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Questions for Starters (B)1.Howareyou?2.Whatanimalsdoyoulike?Doyoulikedogs?3.Whereisthecat?Isitunderthechair?4.WhatsSuedoingnow?5.Whataretheboysdoinginthegarden?6.WhatsBobplyingwith?7.Whodoyouoftenplaywith?8.CanIhavesomejuice?9.
33、Wheredoyouhavemeals?10.Whatsinyourbedroom?50剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座11.Whatdoyoudoatschool?12.WhatdoesSallydoeveryday?13.Whatsyourphonenumber?14.WhatdoesLilylikedoing?15.Canyoujumplikeakangaroo?16.Whatsyourhobby?Doyoulikefishing?17.Howmanyapplesdoyouwant?18.WheredoesTomoftenplaybadminton?19.WhichisMary,thegirli
34、ngreenorinred?20.Wheredoyoulive?Wheredoesafishlive?51剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Questions for Movers (A)1.Whatdayistoday？2.Whatstheweatherliketoday?3.Whereareyougoing?4.Whosetoycaristhis?Isityours?5.Doyouoftenplayfootball?6.WhatdoesPeterdoeveryday?7.Areyouhungry?Whatdoyouwanttohave?8.Whichisbigger,thesunorthemoon?
35、9.Whydoestheearthlookbiggerthanthesun?10.Whosthetallestinyourclass?52剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座11.Howmanydaysarethereinaweek？12.WhatdoyouusuallydoonSunday?13.WhatdidyoudolastSunday？14.Wherewereyourfriendsyesterday?15.Whatdidyourfriendswanttodo?Movers (B)16.Whatareyougoingtodo?17.Whosyourbestfriend?18.Whichfloordo
36、youliveon?19.ShallIwashmysocks?20.Wouldyoulikesomeapples?53剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座21.Whatdoyoulikedoingbest?22.HowdidJackgotohisgrandfathershouse?23.Howmuchistheicecream?24.Howoftendoyougotothecinema?25.CanIhelpyou?MayIcomein?26.Whatswrongwithyou?Whatsthematterwithyou?27.Whatdoyoudoifyouhaveacold?28.Whatmustyo
37、udobeforeyougetonatrain?29.WhatdoesKevinsfatherdo?30.Wheredoeshework?Whatdoeshehavetodoonweekdays?54剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座31.Whatdidyouseewhenyoucameintotheroom?32.Howmuchwaterdoyouneed?33.Whatkindoffoodwouldyouliketoeat?34.Whendoesthetrainleave?35.WherecanItakethebus?36.Howoftendoesyourmothergoshopping?37.Wh
38、atdoyoupaintthehousewith?38.Howdidhegoupstairs?39.Whatisyourfriendlike?40.Whyisthegirlhappy?55剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座Questions for Flyers1.Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?2.Whatsyourfavouriteseason?Whathappensinsummer?3.WhendidBobgetupyesterday?4.HowlongdidittakeBobbytocleantheroom?5.Whywerentyouatschoolyesterd
39、ay?6.Whatwillyoudoifitsnowstomorrow?7.WhatlanguagedopeoplespeakinJapan?8.HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglish?9.HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentotheChildrensPark?10.Howlonghasyourunclebeenadoctor?56剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座11.Howfarisitfromyourhometoourschool?12.Whatdoesyourteacherwantyoutodo?13.Whatcan/cantyoudointhelibrary?14
40、.WhenisChildrensDay?15.WhatcanIdoforyou?16.Whereshallwegoforthepicnictomorrow？17.Whatwillyoudowhenyouleaveschool?18.Howmanystampshaveyoucollected?19.Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?20.WhatdopeopledoduringtheSpringFestival?57剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座21.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenafrogandafish?22.Howwellcanyour
41、friendspeakEnglish?23.Whatdoesadolphinlooklike?24.Howtallareyou?25.Whatcolourclothesdoyouliketowear?26.Onwhatdaysoftheweekareyouverybusy?27.Whydomostchildrenlikesummerbest?28.Whatisyourfatherssistercalled?29.Whatisthisdeskmadeof?30.Whichdoyouprefer,coffeeormilk?58剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座31.Whenandwherewereyoubo
42、rn?32.WhatdidSarahsaytoyoujustnow?33.WhatpresentdidyougiveTomforhisbirthday?34.Whendidyoustartplayingfootball?35.Whenwillthenewfilmbeshown?36.Whydidntyougotobedearlylastnight?37.Whatwillyousayifyouwanttoasksomeoneforhelp?38.Excuseme,howcanIgettothecinema?39.Whatistheoppositeoftheword happy?40.Whatsthemachinethatcancarrypeopleinthesky?59剑桥少儿英语教师培训讲座
