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1、第五节情态动词和虚拟语气第五节情态动词和虚拟语气考点分类突破考点分类突破 考点三十情态动词(can, could, be able to)表示能力【真题再现】1(2010全国)Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon.A. cantB. needntC. may not D. will not答案与解析：A句意：耐心点儿。你不能指望世界立刻发生变化。cant表示“不能”；neednt“不必”；may not表示“不可能”；will not表示“不会”。只有A符合句意。2(2010全国)Im afraid Mr. Hard
2、ing _ see you now. Hes busy.A. cant B. mustntC. shouldnt D. neednt答案与解析：A根据下一句中的内容可知Mr. Harding现在“不能”见你。cant“不能”；mustnt“禁止”；shouldnt“不应该”；neednt“不必”。3(2010北京)One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.A. need B. mustC. should D. can答
3、案与解析：D英国人喜欢谈论天气是众所周知的事，所以此处只能用can，表示“可以，能够”。【考点诠释】1表现在的或一般的能力。can与be able to的用法一样，但后者不常用。He can write well.He is able to write well.2表将来的能力用will be able to.If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out the problem.如果你睡个好觉，你就能做出这道题。3表示过去的能力。could表示过去一般的能力，was/were able to表示通过努力成功地做了某事，相当于man
4、aged to do sth./succeeded in doing sth.。The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone was able to get out.尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个大楼，但是每个人还是逃出去了。考点三十一情态动词表示推测【真题再现】1(2010北京)Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah, good morning. You _ be Mrs. Peters.
5、A. might B. mustC. would D. can答案与解析：Bmust在这里表示推测，意思是“一定”。句意：你一定是Peters夫人。其他几项不合句意。2(2010浙江)“You _ have a wrong number，”she said.“Theres no one of that name here.”A. need B. canC. must D. would答案与解析：C从“Theres no one of that name here”可知“你一定弄错号码了”。此处表示“肯定的推测”，故用must。can常表示一种“理论上的”可能性，need和would不表推测，所
6、以选C项。【考点诠释】1can用于肯定句中表示客观的(理论的)可能性，还用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may, must常用于肯定句中，一般不用于否定句和疑问句(may not表示“可能不”)中；could既可用于肯定句中又可用于否定句、疑问句中。He cant/couldnt do this.他不可能这样干。(表示不相信)This may not be done by him.这可能不是他干的。(表示不确定)Can this be done by him?这可能是他干的吗？(表示疑惑、惊讶)2would, could, shoul
7、d, might并不一定与过去时间有关，可以表示可能性，弱于它们相应的现在时形式。This may/might be done by him.这件事有可能是他干的。3should表推测时，表示确定或期望，即合乎理想的情况或结果。Its nearly eight oclock. John should be here at any moment.(表示确定或期待)考点三十二情态动词表示“请求，允许，允诺”和“禁止”【真题再现】1(2010重庆)You _ park here！Its an emergency exit.A. wouldnt B. needntC. couldnt D. mustn
8、t答案与解析：D根据题干中的“emergency exit”可知“此处是不允许停车的”，故用mustnt表示“禁止”。2(2010陕西)May I take this book out of the reading room?No, you _. You read it in here.A. mightnt B. wontC. neednt D. mustnt答案与解析：D以may开头的问句，在肯定回答中表示给予许可，可用may或can，但在否定回答中要用mustnt，表示“禁止”。3(2010江苏)I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill ha
9、ve a test on the subject next month.Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday.A. could B. shallC. must D. may答案与解析：B此处shall用于第二人称表示说话人的许诺。4(2010四川)_ I take the book out?Im afraid not.A. Will B. MayC. Must D. Need答案与解析：Bmay表示征求对方的许可。句意：我能将书带出吗？恐怕不行。【考点诠释】1shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中时，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示；用于第二、三人称的陈述句
10、中时，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Shall I change into the evening dress for your party?我可以穿晚礼服参加你的宴会吗？Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?汤姆明天可以和我一起去吗？You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow.到明天你就会得到我的答复。He shall smart for his foolishness.他这样胡来，一定会自食其果的。2could/might/would/should的委婉用法。Could/Might I use you
11、r bike tomorrow morning?明天早上我能用一下你的自行车吗？Yes, you can/may./No, Im afraid not.好的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。注意：这类问句回答时用can或may不用could和might。3主语是第二人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见或许可用will。用wont you强调邀请的语气；would的语气比will更客气、委婉。Will you spell that for me？你能否拼出来？Wont you come for dinner？要不要来吃晚饭？Would you open the window, please？I feel it
12、 is a little stuffy here.你能打开窗户吗？我感到这里有点闷。4may/might表示允许、许可，由它们构成的一般疑问句否定回答用mustnt，意为“禁止”。在表示请求允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些。May I turn on the CD player?我可以打开CD播放机吗？No, you mustnt.不，不行。May/Might I trouble you to pass me the book?能不能麻烦你把那本书递过来？考点三十三情态动词表示必要性【真题再现】1(2010江西)I have told you the truth. _ I keep
13、repeating it?A. MustB. CanC. May D. Will答案与解析：A句意：我已告诉你真相。一定要我再重复吗？must“必定，必须”，can“可能”，may“可以”，will“愿意，将”。2(2010辽宁)Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.A. can B. willC. must D. may答案与解析：C句意：医生说锻炼对于健康很重要，但是必须是经常的锻炼。情态动词must表示“必须”，符合句意。3(2010湖南)You _ buy a gi
14、ft, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustntC. have to D. dont have to答案与解析：D句意：你不必买礼物，但如果你想买也可以。dont have to意为“不必”，符合句意。4(2010天津)Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldntC. mustnt D. couldnt答案与解析：Aneednt have done表示“本来不必要做但已经做了”，符合句意。mus
15、t have done只能用于肯定句“肯定做了某事”；couldnt have done“本不可能但已经做了某事”。【考点诠释】1must常用来表示必要性，意为“必须”。表示现在或将来必须做某事用“must动词原形”；表示现在或将来不必做某事时，用dont have to do sth.或dont need to do sth.或neednt do sth.；表示过去本不必做某事时，用neednt have done sth.。You must cut down on your smoking.你必须少吸烟。You dont need to/dont have to/neednt tell h
16、im the truth if you dont want to.如果你不想告诉他真相，就没有必要告诉他。注意：当表示过去没必要做某事而实际也没做时，可用didnt have to do sth.或didnt need to do sth.或It was not necessary to do sth.等。He didnt have to learn how to run; he is a natural.他不用学跑步技巧，他天生就擅跑。2should也可以表示必要性，意为“(义务上)应该”。should表必要性时，在语气上比must(必须)弱。“should动词原形”表示现在或将来应该做某事
17、。I should go and visit him this afternoon, but I wonder if I will be free.今天下午我应该去看望他，但我不知道是否有空。(表示将来的必要性)考点三十四“情态动词have done”的用法【真题再现】1(2010安徽)Jack described his father, who _ a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled man.A. would be B. would have beenC. must be D. must have been答案与解析：D杰克把他的父亲描
18、述成一个意志坚强的人，此处表示的是对过去事实的推测，所以用must have done结构。注意句中有一个非限制性定语从句将主句分隔开了。2(2010山东)I _ have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.A. shouldnt B. needntC. couldnt D. mustnt答案与解析：A由下半句“让我做噩梦”可以看出，我很后悔看了那部电影，表示做了不该做的事情要用shouldnt have done结构。句意：我不该看这部电影的，因为它会让我做噩梦。neednt have done表示“做了没有必要做的事情”；coul
19、dnt have done表示“不可能做某事”；D项不存在这种用法。【考点诠释】1must have done; can (could) have done(1)must have done表示对过去已经发生的事情进行推测，意思是“想必、准是、一定做了某事”，只用在肯定句中。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面都湿了。(2)can (could) have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。He cant have forgotten it.他不可能已经忘记它了。
20、2neednt have done 表示已完成不需要完成的动作。You neednt have waken me up. I dont have to go to work today.你没有必要叫醒我，我今天不用工作。3should/ought to have done表示“本该做而未做”(否定式表示“不该做某事却做了”)You should have come to the conference yesterday. What was the reason for your absence?你昨天本应该参加那个会议的。你缺席的原因是什么？(表示过去的必要性)4may/might have
21、donemay/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经”。Im not sure. He might have said so at the conference.我拿不准，或许在会上他说过这样的话。5had better have done; would rather have done; would like/love to have done(1)had better have done表示事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时做了某事就好了”，其否定形式had better not have done表达相反的含义。You had better
22、 have started earlier.你当时早一点出发就好了。You had better not have scolded her.你当时没有训斥她就好了。(2)would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做某事”，其否定形式would rather not have done表达相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。I would rather have taken his advice.我宁愿当时听从了他的建议。I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.我在
23、会议上提出了反对意见，但是现在我宁愿当时没有那样做。(3)would like/love to have done表示过去愿意做某事，但未做成。I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish my report.昨晚我很想去派对，但是我不得不加班完成我的报告。考点三十五虚拟语气在条件句中的用法【真题再现】1(2010湖南)If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should fo
24、llowC. had followed D. would follow答案与解析：C此处表示与过去的事实相反，故从句应用过去完成时。句意：如果他当初听我的劝告的话，他就不会失去工作了。2(2010天津)John went to the hospital alone.If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tellsC. told D. had told答案与解析：D由此处的主句可知，这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，故条件句中应用过去完成时。3(2010北京)The weather has been ver
25、y hot and dry.Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _.A. wouldnt die B. didnt dieC. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died答案与解析：D根据句意可知，这里表示与过去的事实相反的假设，即哪怕是下一滴雨，我的蔬菜都不会死掉。表示与过去事实相反的状况，从句谓语动词用“had done”，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might have done”。由此可知，D项正确。4(2
26、010陕西)If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. take B. had takenC. took D. have taken答案与解析：B句意：如果我们走了另外那条路的话，我们可能会及时赶到这儿来参加会议的。题干为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其构成是条件句用过去完成时，主句用情态动词have done。5(2010浙江)Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _.A. w
27、ould have been saved B. had been savedC. will be saved D. was saved答案与解析：A从前面Had I known about.知，此处是If条件句对过去情况的虚拟，所以主句用should/would/could/mighthave done结构，故排除B、C和D项，选A项。【考点诠释】虚拟语气用于非真实条件句从句从句主句主句例句例句与现与现在事在事实相实相反反动词的过去式动词的过去式(be动词一律动词一律用用were)would/could/should/might动词动词原形原形If I had time, I would at
28、tend your party.如果如果我有时间，我就会去参加我有时间，我就会去参加你的晚会。你的晚会。If I saw him now, I would be very happy.如果我现在见到他，如果我现在见到他，我会很高兴的。我会很高兴的。与过去事与过去事实相反实相反had过去过去分词分词would/could/should/mighthave过去分过去分词词You didnt let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you wouldnt have got so tired.你当时不让我来你当时不让我来开车。如果我们轮流开车，你就不开车。如果我
29、们轮流开车，你就不会觉得那么累了。会觉得那么累了。与将来事与将来事实相反实相反动词的过去动词的过去式；式；should动词原形；动词原形；were to动词原形动词原形would/could/might/should动词原形动词原形If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos.如果明天下雪，我们就照如果明天下雪，我们就照相。相。1.若条件句中有were, had, should时，可把if省略，而把were, had, should提到主语前，用倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。如果省略的条件句中的谓语
30、动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。Had you taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.()Werent it for the expense, I would go abroad now.()如果不是因为费用的问题，我现在就出国了。2如果条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整，这种句子叫做混合(或错综时间
31、)虚拟条件句。If I am as clever as you think, I should have been rich by now.如果我像你想得那么聪明，现在就会很富有了。(从句是真实条件句，主句为虚拟语气。)If you had worked hard, you would be very tired now.如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在。)3有时虚拟条件不用从句，而是通过上下文或介词短语等表示出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。常用的介词有with, without, but for，副词otherwise，或其他从句等。I was ill t
32、hat day. Otherwise, I would have attended the lecture.我那天病了，不然的话就去听讲座了。Without electricity, life would be quite different today.如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。But for your help, I would have failed.要不是你帮忙的话，我就失败了。考点三十六虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法【真题再现】(2010福建)Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycl
33、es to school for safety.A. not allow B. do not allowC. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow答案与解析：A句意：老师建议家长为了安全起见，不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。recommend后的宾语从句中的谓语形式应为should do结构，should可以省略。故答案为A项。【考点诠释】1用于主语从句表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式为“(should)动词原形”。这种主语从句由连词that引导。常用在以下三种句型中：(1)It is/was important(necessary, impossible, n
34、atural, amazing, strange, surprising等)that.It is surprising that you (should) not understand me!真令人惊讶，你竟然不理解我！It is amazing that he (should) have said nothing about the murder.令人惊异的是他竟然对谋杀只字未提。It was natural that she (should) think so.她会这样想很自然。(2)It is/was a pity(a shame, an honour, a surprise, no w
35、onder等)that.It is a great pity that he (should) be so careless.他这么粗心真可惜。(3)It is/was suggested(requested, required, ordered, proposed, decided等)that.It is advised that one (should) take plenty of boiled water.建议人们多喝开水。2用于宾语从句(1)用于表示要求、命令、建议、意图、决定、推荐等意义的动词如decide, insist, demand, desire, require, req
36、uest, propose, suggest, command, order等后面的宾语从句中，其谓语形式是“(should)动词原形”。The commander ordered that the bridge (should) be blown up.司令命令把桥炸毁。Janes pale face suggested that she was ill, and her parents suggested that she (should) have a medicalexamination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下体检。注意：insist作“坚持要”解时，宾语从句用虚
37、拟语气；作“坚持认为”解时，则不用虚拟语气；suggest作“建议”解时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，而作“暗示”解则不用。(2)用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望。wish后的that常省略。主句谓主句谓语语(that)从句谓语从句谓语wish时态时态谓语动词形式谓语动词形式一般过去时一般过去时(与主句谓语同时与主句谓语同时发生发生)动词的过去式动词的过去式(be用用were或或was)过去完成时过去完成时(在主句谓语之前在主句谓语之前发生发生)had过去分词过去分词过去将来时过去将来时(在主句谓语之后在主句谓语之后发生发生)shouldwould动词原形动词原形I wish
38、 you had come to the lecture.你要是当时来听报告就好了。I wish I were ten years younger.但愿我能年轻十岁。I wish I could fly to the moon some day.如果有一天我能飞到月球上该多好啊。(3)would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事；如表示过去的动作，则用过去完成时。Id rather we had a rest now.真希望我们现在就休息一下。3用于表语从句和同位语从句(1)与表示决定、主张、要求、建议、命令的动词相对应的名词advice, demand,
39、 order, desire, requirement, request, suggestion, command, decision等有关的表语从句和同位语从句中常用“(should)动词原形”的结构。My advice is that you (should) quit smoking.我的建议是你应该戒烟。We made a suggestion that you (should) stay here until the party was over.我们的建议是你应该呆到晚会结束。(2)as if/though引导的表语从句中，从句谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反；用过去完成时表
40、示与过去事实相反。He looks as if he was/were ill.他看起来好像是病了。The girl looked as if she had seen a ghost.那个女孩看上去像见了鬼似的。考点三十七虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法【经典例题】1Mr. Green spoke slowly so that his students _ hear clearly.A. can B. couldC. shall D. should答案与解析：B在so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用can/could/may/might.动词原形。此处表示能
41、力，主句中又是过去时态，所以B项正确。2We spoke in whisper for fear that we _ wake the baby.A. shall B. willC. might D. were going to答案与解析：C在in case, for fear that, lest等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用should/might动词原形，故C项正确。3As if he _ my mind, he stood up and offered me his seat when I got on the crowded bus.A. had made B. has mad
42、eC. has read D. had read答案与解析：Das if“仿佛，好像”，引导的从句中要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句谓语用动词的过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语用had done。句意：他好像读懂了我的心思，我一上了这辆拥挤的公共汽车，他就站起来把座位让给了我。read ones mind“读懂某人的心思”。【考点诠释】1在so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用can/could/may/might.动词原形。2在in case, for fear that, lest等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用should/might动词原形。
43、3由as if引导的状语从句中用虚拟语气。其谓语动词用动词过去式(动词be的过去式都用were)表示对现在事实的虚拟；用过去完成时表示对过去事实的虚拟。考点三十八虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法【经典例题】We are all for your proposal that the discussion _.A. be put off B. was put offC. should put off D. is to put off答案与解析：A在advice, demand, order, request, suggestion, proposal, requirement, recommendat
44、ion等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。句意：我们都同意把讨论延期进行的建议。【考点诠释】在advice, demand, order, request, suggestion，proposal, requirement, recommendation等表示“建议、要求、命令”等名词的同位语从句中用虚拟语气，其谓语动词是should动词原形，should可省略。考点三十九虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法【经典例题】Its already 6 oclock now. Dont you think its time _？A. we are going home B
45、. we go homeC. we went home D. we can go home答案与解析：CIts time sb. did sth./would rather sb. did sth.这是两个固定的用一般过去时态的虚拟语气句型。句意：现在已经六点了。难道你不认为到了我们回家的时间了吗？【考点诠释】It is (high) time (that).句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或should动词原形，其中should不能省略。考点四十虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中【经典例题】Look at the trouble I am in！If only I _ your a
46、dvice.A. would follow B. had followedC. followed D. would have followed答案与解析：Bif only引导的从句后需要用虚拟语气，此句表示对过去的假设，故用过去完成时。【考点诠释】if only引导的感叹句中可用虚拟语气，表示与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用过去时或“would/could动词原形”；表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时，意为“若是那该多好啊；真希望；要是就好了”。I dared the coming exams. If only I could have time to review my lessons.我对即将到来的考试非常担心。如果我有时间复习该有多好啊！If only my grandpa had seen the film with us yesterday.要是昨天我爷爷跟我们一起看那个电影就好了。
