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1、.初中英语单词分类记忆一、分类记忆法名词(1)星期 (week)Monday (星期一)Tuesday(星期二)Wednesday (星期三)Thursday(星期四)Friday (星期五)Saturday (星期六)Sunday(星期天)(2)月份 (month)January (一月)February (二月)March(三月)April (四月)May (五月)June(六月)July (七月)August(八月)September(九月)October (十月)November (十一月)December (十二月)(3)季节 (season)spring (春节)summer (夏
2、天)autumn(秋天)winter (冬天)(4)时间 (time )second(秒)minute (分)hour(小时)day(天)night (夜)week(星期)month(月份)year (年)century (世纪)eord 完美格式(7)方位 (direction)east (东)south (南)west(西)north (北)left(左)right (右)(8)交通工具 (transport)bike / bicycle(自行车)bus(公共汽车)car (小汽车)jeep (吉普车)train (火车)ship (轮船)plane (飞机)(9)饮食 (meal)bre
3、akfast (早餐)lunch (午餐)supper(晚餐)dinner (正餐、晚餐)snack(快餐)picnic (野餐)(10)米面及肉类食品rice (米、米饭)porridge (粥)dumpling (饺子)noodle 【常用复数】(面条)meat(肉)beef (牛肉)mutton(羊肉)chicken (鸡肉)egg(鸡蛋)(11)水果 (fruit)Apple(苹果)banana(香蕉)pear(梨子)orange(橙子)strawberry (草莓)(12)蔬菜 (vegetable)tomato(西红柿)potato (马铃薯)carrot (胡萝卜)cabbage
4、(洋白菜、卷心菜)onion (洋葱).(13)零食 (snack)chocolate (巧克力)hamburger(汉堡包)cake(蛋糕)bread(面包)mooncake (月饼)ice cream (冰淇淋)cheese(奶酪)salad (沙拉)dessert (甜食)candy(糖果)biscuit(饼干)pie (馅饼)cheese(干酪;奶酪)(14)饮料 (drink)juice (果汁)milk (牛奶)tea (茶)green tea (绿茶)coffee (咖啡)(15)调料( relish)butter (黄油)sauce(酱油)sugar (糖)salt (盐)(1
5、6)学习用品pen(钢笔)pencil (铅笔)eraser (橡皮擦)ruler (直尺)knife (小刀)(17)颜色 (color)red 红色(的)yellow 黄色(的)blue 蓝色(的)green 绿色(的)black 黑色(的)white 白色(的)orange 橙黄色(的)brown 棕色(的)褐色(的)pink 粉红色(的)purple 紫色(的)gray 灰色(的)eord 完美格式(18)衣着clothes (衣服)hat (帽子)shirt (衬衫)T-shirt(男衬衫)coat (外套、上衣)raincoat (雨衣)uniform (制服)skirt(裙子)d
6、ress (裙子、衣服)trousers (裤子)pants (裤子)jeans (牛仔裤)shorts (短裤)sock(袜子)shoe(鞋子)19)科目 (subject)Chinese(汉语)math(数学)English (英语)history(历史)geography(地理)biology (生物)physics (物理)chemistry (化学)P.E. (体育)20)身体部位 (body)head(头)hair (头发)neck(脖子)eye(眼睛)nose(鼻子)mouth(嘴巴)tooth (牙齿)ear(耳朵)face (脸)arm(手臂)hand(手)finger (手
7、指)heart (心)back(背部)knee(膝盖)leg (腿)foot (脚)(.(21)亲属father (父亲)mother(妈妈)parents (父母)grandfather / grandpa(爷爷、外公)grandmother / grandma(奶奶、外婆)grandparents (爷爷奶奶、外公外婆)brother (哥、弟)sister(姐、妹)cousin 堂(表)兄弟、姐妹husband(丈夫)妻子( wife )son(儿子)daughter (女儿)uncle (叔、伯、舅、姨夫、姑父)aunt (姨母、姑母、婶母、舅母)(22)动物 (animal)lion
8、 (狮子)tiger (老虎)elephant (大象)camel(骆驼)cow(奶牛)pig (猪)fox (狐狸)snake(蛇)duck(鸭子)chicken (鸡)hen(母鸡)bird (小鸟)rabbit (兔子)panda(熊猫)deer(鹿)giraffe(长颈鹿)sheep(羊)fish (鱼)ant (蚂蚁)mouse (mice) / rat(老鼠)dog(狗)cat (猫)monkey (猴子)pig (猪)(23)职业teacher (老师)doctor (医生)eord 完美格式nurse(护士)policeman (男警察)policewoman(女警察)repo
9、rter (记者)shop assistant(店员)bank clerk (银行职员)waiter (服务员)scientist(科学家)student (学生)farmer (农民)fisherman (渔夫)cook(厨师)barber (理发师)24)公共场所shop / store(商店)bank(银行)hospital(医院)police station(警察局)TV station(电视站)stop (车站)cinema(电影院)theater (戏剧院)hotel (旅馆)restaurant(餐馆)factory (工厂)company (公司)market(市场)super
10、market (超市)museum (博物馆)post office(邮局)school (学校)airport(飞机场)church (教堂)25)学校( school )primary school(小学)middle school(中学)junior high school(初中)senior high school(高中)university(大学)26)房间 (room)Living-room (起居室、客厅)bedroom(卧室)bathroom(洗澡房)kitchen (厨房)(.(27)宇宙sun(太阳)moon (月亮)star (星星)earth (地球)sky(天空)ai
11、r (空气)rain (雨)cloud (云)wind(风)snow(雪)(28)天气( weather )sunny(晴朗的)rainy (多雨的)cloudy (多云的、阴天的)windy(有风的)snowy(多雪的)(29)运动( sport )basketball(篮球)football(足球)volleyball(排球)baseball (网球)tennis (羽毛球)table tennis / ping-pong(乒乓球)(30)乐器drum(鼓)trumpet (喇叭)piano (钢琴)violin(小提琴)guitar (吉他)二、构词记忆法1、合成法由两个或者两个以上的词
12、合成新词,这种构词法叫做合成法。classroom (教室) =class + room ,worldwide(全世界的) =world(世界)+ wide(广泛的),downstairs (在楼下)=down (向下)+ stairs(楼梯) ,friendship(友谊) = friend (朋友) + ship(船) ,everywhere (各地;到处) = every + where.homework (家庭作业) =home + work,eord 完美格式housework(家务) =house + work ,southeast (东南部) =south + east,unde
13、rground(地下的)=under (在下面)+ ground (地面) ,schoolbag (书包) school + bag ,homeland(故乡;祖国) home (家)+ land(土地) ,hometown (家乡)home (家)+ town(镇) ,basketball (篮球) basket (篮子) + ball(球) ,special(adj. 特殊的) special(n. 特色菜) ,stop (v. 停止) stop (n. 车站) ,countryside (乡村) country (国家;乡村)+ side (边) ,playground (操场) pla
14、y (玩) + ground(地面) ,toothbrush (牙刷) tooth + brush(刷),toothpaste (牙膏) tooth + paste(糊状物) ,oversleep (睡过头) over + sleep,earthquake (地震) earth (地球) + quake(震动)2、词缀记忆法(1)前缀1)un-(不、非,表否定):able(能够的)unable(不能的)、comfortable (舒服的)uncomfortable (不舒服的)、crowded(拥挤的) uncrowded(不拥挤的) 、pleasant (令人愉快的) unpleasant(
15、使人不愉快的)、usual (寻常的) unusual(不同寻常的) 、healthy (健康的) unhealthy (不健康的) 、happy (快乐的)unhappy (不快乐的)、friendly(友好的) unfriendly(不友好的) 、2)dis- (不、非,表否定):advantage(优点、优势)dis advantage(缺点、劣势)、cover (覆盖) discover (发现) 、agree(同意) disagree (不同意)、.like dislike(不喜欢)、honest (诚实的) dishonest (不诚实的) 、play (玩) display (陈
16、列)3)im- (不、非,表否定):polite (有礼貌的)impolite (不礼貌的)、possible (可能的) impossible (不可能的)4)re- (又、再、重新):review(复习) 、return (归还) 、rewrite (重写) 、recycle (再循环;回收利用)5)inter-(相互、在一起):interview (面试) 、 international(国际的)、internet(因特网)6)en-(使)encourage(鼓励) 、endanger(危及;使遭受危险)(2)后缀1)-or / -er(从事某职业的人或某类人) :actor (演员)v
17、isitor(参观者)collector(搜集者)translator(翻译家)director(主任;主管)singer (歌手)teacher (老师)reader (读者)writer (作家)foreigner(外国人)learner (学习者)villager(村民)winner (胜利者)foreigner(外国人)owner(所有者;物主)law(法律) lawyer (律师)特例:post (邮寄;邮政) poster (海报)、draw(画画) drawer(抽屉) 、elevate (提升) elevator (电梯) 、equal (平等的) equator (赤道) 、
18、cook(煮)cook (厨师)cooker(厨具) 、flower (花)eord 完美格式finger (手指)slipper(拖鞋)helicopter(直升机)refrigerator(冰箱)calculator(计算器)2)-ist(人,名词后缀):science(科学)scientist(科学家)、art (艺术) artist(艺术家)、tour(n. v. 旅行) tourist (旅行者)、terrorist(恐怖分子)3)-tion (表示动作、状态,名词后缀) :predict (v. 预言)prediction (n. 预言) 、compete (v. 竞争)compe
19、tition (n. 竞争) 、invite (v. 邀请) invitation(n. 邀请、请柬) 、invent (v. 发明) invention ( n. 发明)instruct (v. 指示)instruction(n. 指示;用法说明)attend (v. 注意) attention( n. 注意、专心) 、describe(v. 描述) description (n. 描述) 、attract(v. 吸引) attraction(n. 有吸引力的事物或人)、pollute (v. 污染) pollution( n. 污染) 、donate(捐赠)donation (捐赠物;捐款
20、) 、organize (组织) organization(组织;机构) 、pronounce(发音) pronunciation(发音( 法) )4)-ment (表示动作、状态,名词后缀) :develop(v. 发展)development( n. 发展) 、advertise (v. 登广告)advertisement (n.广告) 、entertain (v. 款待; 使娱乐)entertainment(n. 娱乐) 、improve(v. 改善)improvement(n. 改善) 、argue(v. 争论) argument(n. 争论) 、state(v. 陈述) statem
21、ent(n. 陈述; 声明) 、require (v. 要求)requirement (n. 要求) 、government(政府)5)-ture / -ure(名词后缀)picture (图画).temperature (温度)future (将来)structure(结构;构造)creature (生物)pressure (压力)pleasure (愉快)6)-th (名词后缀)true (真实的) truth (真相)breath (n. 呼吸)birth (n. 出生)7)-ful (充满,形容词后缀):success(成功)successful (成功的) 13、)wonder(奇迹
22、) wonderful (精彩的)、color colorful(颜色鲜艳的、丰富多彩的) 、beauty (美的东西)beautiful (美丽的)、carecareful (仔细的、小心的) 、14)peacepeaceful (平静的、和平的)、play playful(顽皮的)8)-less (没有、无,形容词后缀) :carecareless (粗心的)、help helpless (无助的)、home homeless(无家可归的)9)-y (表性质,形容词后缀) :fun (乐趣) funny (有趣的)、health (健康) healthy (健康的)、sleep (睡觉)
23、sleepy ( (困倦的)、taste (味道;品尝)tasty (味美可口的)、luck (运气) lucky (幸运的)、shiny (有光泽的;发亮的)sleepy (困倦的)guilty(内疚的;有罪的)salty (含盐的;咸的)特例:photography (摄影 ( 业))energy(活力;力量)15)-al (的,形容词后缀):nature (大自然、天性) natural (天然的、天生的、自然的) 、nation (国家) national (国际的)、person(个人) personal (私人的、个人的) 、medicine (药、医学) medical (医学e
24、ord 完美格式的) 、normal(正常的)、final(最后的)11)-able (能够的,形容词后缀) :comfortable (舒服的)knowledgeable (知识渊博的)adjustable (可调整的)suitable(合适的)12)-ous(形容词后缀)delicious(美味的)nervous(紧张的)enormous(巨大的)-ern (表方向的):eastern (东方的)western (西方的)southern (南方的)northern (北方的)-ly (形容词或副词后缀):作形容词后缀时:lovely (可爱的)friendly(友好的)lively(充满
25、活力的)daily (每日的;日常的)作副词后缀时:usually (通常)simply (简单地probably (可能地)really (真正地)quickly (迅速地)slowly (缓慢地)certainly(当然)clearly(清楚地;明显地)extremely (极其;非常)gradually (逐渐地)strongly (坚定地)exactly (正;恰恰)normally (通常;正常地)-ed(形容词后缀):surprised (感到惊讶的)interested(感兴趣的)excited (感到兴奋的)relaxed (轻松的)worry (担心) worried(烦恼的
26、)annoyed(恼怒的)、embarrassed(感到尴尬的)10.organized (有组织的)injured (受伤的)tired (疲倦的)spotted (有斑点的)endangered(濒临灭绝的)polluted (被污染的)16)-ing (形容词或名词后缀):形容词后缀:interesting(有趣的)exciting(令人兴奋的)outstanding (杰出的)amazing(令人惊异的)disappointing(令人失望的)following(以下的)、willing(乐意的;心甘情愿的)fascinating(迷人的)frustrating(令人失望的)embar
27、rassing (令人尴尬的)tiring(令人疲倦的)confusing (令人困惑的)convincing (令人信服的)thrilling(令人激动的)misleading(令人误解的;骗人的)名词后缀:building(建筑物)training(训练)meaning(意思)ending (结局;结尾)附:国家、地区加后缀后表示“民族、语言或所属国家、地区(人或语言)的”China(中国) Chinese 中国人、汉语、中国(人)的Japan(日本) Japanese 日本人、日语、日本(人)的England(英国)Englishman 英国人、英国男人Englishwoman 英国女人
28、English 英语(的),英国(人)的the English总称 英国人America (美国 / 洲) American 美国/ 洲人、美国(英)语、美国(人)的Australia(澳大利亚、澳洲) Australian澳大利亚人、澳大利亚(人)的India(印度)Indian 印第安人、印第安语、eord 完美格式印度的、印第安人的Russia(俄罗斯) Russian 俄国人、俄国的Canada (加拿大) Canadian 加拿大人、加拿大(人)的France (法国) French 法语 (的) 、 法国 (人)的the French总称 法国人Frenchman法国男人Frenc
29、hwoman法国女人Germany (德国) German德语(的)、德国(人)的Asia(亚洲) Asian 亚洲人、亚洲(人)的Africa (非洲)African非洲人、非洲 (人)的Europe (欧洲) European 欧洲人、欧洲 (人)的3、转化法一个单词由一种词类转化为另一种词类,这种构词法教转化法。 单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义密切联系。show(n. 展览、展示) show (v. 表演、展出) ,water (n. 水)water (v. 浇水) ,slow(adj. 慢的) slow(v. 放慢) ,walk(v. 散步、走) take a walk(n. 散步)
30、 ,rest (v. 休息) take a rest(n. 休息) ,look (v. 看)have a look (n. 看一下,看一看) ,store (n. 商店) store (v. 储存) ,graduate(v. 毕业生)graduate(v. 毕业) ,taste (n. 味道) taste (味道;鉴赏力) ,sound(n. 声音) sound(v. 听起来) ,light(n. 光线) light(v. 点燃) ,study (v. 学习;研究) study (n. 学习;研究) ,smell (n. 嗅觉;气味) smell (v. 闻) ,empty(adj. 空的)
31、empty(v. 排空) ,fool (n. 愚人) fool (愚弄),kid (n. 小孩) kid (v. 开玩笑;戏弄),land (n. 陆地) land (v. 着陆) ,display (n. 陈列;展览) display (v. 陈列;展览),smile (n. 微笑) smile (v. 微笑) ,waste (n. 浪费;废弃物)waste(v. 浪费) ,.lock (n. 锁)lock (v. 锁住) ,book(n. 书)book(v. 预定) ,4、缩写和简写telephone phone(电话),airplane plane (飞机) ,laboratorylab
32、 (实验室),advertisement ad(广告) ,examination exam (考试)mathematics math(数学) ,photogragh photo(照片) ,veterinarianvet (兽医)、refrigeratorrefrige(冰箱),television TV (电视机)三、同义近义词记忆法answerreply (回答)reachget to arrive at/in(到达)begin start (开始)fast quick (快速的)question problem(问题)healthy fit(健康的)voice sound(声音)tour
33、trip (旅行)bicycle bike (自行车)often usually (常)illsick (生病的)rat mouse (老鼠)trash litterrubbish garbage(垃圾)possible probable (可能的)very quite (非常)shopstore (商店)clever smart(聪明的)holiday vacation (假期)cute lovely (可爱的)areadistrict(地区)film movie(电影)look aftertake care ofcare for(照顾)photophotograghright correc
34、timpoliterude(不礼貌的;粗鲁的)termsemester(学期)pursewallet (钱包)eord 完美格式disappointingfrustrating(令人失望的)fix repair mend (修理)flee escaperun away (逃跑)smoke (抽烟) snake(蛇)themetopic (主题)perhapsprobably (或许;大概)chanceopportunity(机会)company firm (公司)shakequake(震动)man womanboygirlmister madamwaiter(男服务生)waitress (女服
35、务员)police (警察) thief (小偷)before afterbig smalleasydifficultaskanswerborrowreturndry wetearly latebirth deathcold hotcool warmcareful carelesssafe dangerousbuysellcheapexpensiveyoungoldnew oldhungryfullstrong weakbusyfreelaugh crypossible impossiblelose findlong shorttall(高的) short (矮的)high (高的) low(
36、低的)right wrongfat thin (瘦的)updownlike dislike四、反义词记忆法.love hatesavewasteaccept refuse (拒绝)lightheavyfirstlasttake bringinterestingboringawake asleeprich poorhealthy illancient modernquick slowpositive (积极的、肯定的)negative (消极的、否定的)pushpullbeautifulugly (丑陋的)quiet noisysucceedfailclean dirtysame differe
37、ntfull(饱的) hungry(饿的)full(满的) empty(空的)adult (成年人) child (小孩)huge(巨大的) tiny (微小的)native (本地本国的) foreign (外国的)wait in line(排队等候) cut in line(插队)out of style(过时的) in style(时尚的)soft (柔软的) hard(坚硬的)hard-working(勤勉的) lazy (懒惰的)accept (接受) refuse (拒绝)五、形近词记忆法aloud (大声地) cloud ,bandbankbetter letterbedredb
38、oxfoxcarry marrytalk walkfromform(形成、养成)meatmeetsheshyplan playeord 完美格式kind kinghandhangwill wishwastetastehearheartcause(引起) course(课程)tree truesoonmoonlistlistennumberNovemberfuture (将来) furniture(家具)inviteinvent ,boytoybird bridge (桥)imagine (想象) magazine(杂志)ring king, sweep (打扫)sweet(甜的)rule ru
39、lerreadyalreadyquite quiet (安静的)money monkeybankblank (空白的)take tape(录音带)move moviespeedspeechshirt shortthird tiredsale safedoorfloorkitchen chickentomatopotatoeight height (高度)place palace (宫殿)through thoughwash wishdreamdrumrest restaurantcupcutwatchmatchsandstandprogramprogressmile milkfailmailb
40、elt (带子) leftreadbreadexcuse(原谅) exercise.star staytea teamstrict(严厉的) districtagain against (反对)bark (吠声) dark (黑暗 (的))parkrock sockparty partner (伙伴)camera(相机) comedy (喜剧)shoeshow (展示、表演)chess(象棋) less (更少的)bow (鞠躬;弯腰) bowl(碗;一碗的容量)bridge (桥) porridge (粥)station(车站;站) situation(情景;形势)kill(杀害) skil
41、l(技巧)member (成员) remember (牢记)flee (逃跑) free (自由的)camp (露宿) calm(镇静的)big pigpet (宠物) vet (兽医)popular (流行的) population (人口)square(广场) quarter (四分之一;一刻钟)complain (抱怨) explain (解释)lazy (懒惰的) crazy (疯狂的)附录:一、不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级原级good/well betterbestbad/badly worseworstill worseworstmany/much moremosteord 完美
42、格式tower (塔) towel (毛巾)deardeal (处理)dress (穿衣服) press (压)roof (屋顶) root (根)special (特殊的) specific(明确的;具体的)fly (飞行) fry (油煎)dream(梦想) cream(奶油)rush(冲) brush(刷)shall (将要) shell (贝壳)garage(汽车库) garbage(垃圾)skin (皮肤) sink (沉没)scoop(勺子;用勺舀) spoon(调羹)middle (中间 (的))riddle (谜语)staff (原料;材料) stuff(职员)cheer(喝彩
43、;鼓励) cheese(奶酪)glue (粘贴;胶水) blue (蓝色)catch (抓住) fetch (去拿来;来拿去)plane (飞机) planet (行星)purpose(目的;意图) purse(钱包)smile (微笑) similar(相似的)pie (馅饼) tie (领带)left (左边) lift(举起)ten (十) net (网)hat chat (聊天)little lessleastfar fartherfarthestfurthest furthest二、不规则名词复数形式(1)单复数同形的名词ChineseChinese,JapaneseJapanese
44、,deerdeer,sheepsheep,fish fish (半条鱼 ).(2)单复数不同形的名词child children,foot feet ,tooth teeth ,man menwoman women , German Germans ,mouse mice附:以 f(e) 结尾的单词,一般变f 为 v,再加 es 或 s 。如:wife wives,knife knives,wolf wolves,thief thieves,shelf shelves,oneself oneselves,lifelives, halfhalves, leafleaves等,我们不妨用一首诗把这几个词记下来:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。特例:roof (屋顶)其复数形式为roofs ;等等。eord 完美格式