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1、第二部分第二部分 重要语法重要语法非非谓语动词是是高高中中英英语的的重重点点语法法项目目，掌掌握握非非谓语动词的的基基本本用用法法，对增增强强书面面表表达达的的文文采采和和提提高高阅读理理解解能能力力都都有有明明显的的作作用用。非非谓语动词也也是是高高考考语法法填填空的必考点，每年必考一个小空的必考点，每年必考一个小题。非谓语动词非谓语动词u请做近年高考真做近年高考真题： 1. (2013) In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a
2、little, always _ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.思思路路点点拨：thinking 因因everyone与与think是是主主动关系，故用关系，故用现在分在分词短短语作作added的伴随状的伴随状语。真真题再再练2. (2012) Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _(wear) s
3、un glasses.思思路路点点拨：wearing 本本句句主主语是是he, 且且已已有有谓语动词appeared，括括号号中中所所给的的动词wear前前面面没没有有并并列列连词，不不会会是是并并列列谓语，因因此此，可可以以确确定定wear是是非非谓语动词；又又因因he 与与wear之之间在在逻辑上上是是主主动关关系系，故故用用wearing，作作谓语动词appeared的伴随状的伴随状语。3. (2011) I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man _ (sit) at the fro
4、nt.思思路路点点拨：sitting 表表示示“注注意意到到某某人人在在做做某某事事”是是notice sb. doing sth.句型。句型。4. (2010) After the student left, the teacher let another student taste the water. He spit it out, _(say) it was awful.思思路路点点拨： saying 句句中中He是是主主语，spit是是谓语动词，所所给动词say前前面面没没有有并并列列连词，即即不不作作并并列列谓语，它它应是是非非谓语动词；又又因因he与与say是是主主动关关系系，故
5、故用用现在在分分词作作伴伴随随状状语，填填saying。顺便便说说，saying可可以以转换成成and said作并列作并列谓语。5. (2009) She wished that he was as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.思思路路点点拨： to please 在在形形容容词后后作作状状语，只只能能用用动词不定式。不定式。6. (2008) For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop_ (help) it grow”, is bas
6、ed on the following story.思思路路点点拨：to help 在在直直接接引引语中中的的谚语，是是the proverb 的的同同位位语，也也就就是是说，直直接接引引语是是一一个个名名词短短语，而而不不是是句句子子。由由此此可可知知，括括号号中中所所给的的动词help，不不作作谓语，是是非非谓语动词。因因“助助长(help it grow)” 是是plucking up a crop (拔拔苗苗)的的目目的的，作作目目的的状状语，要要用用不不定定式式，故故填填to help。7. (2007) While she was getting me_ (settle) into
7、 a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.思思路路点点拨：settled 在在while从从句句中中，she是是主主语，was getting是是谓语动词，括括号号中中所所给动词settle应为非非谓语动词；又又由由settle sb. into /in (将将某某人人安安顿在在某某处)可可知知，sb. 与与settle在在逻辑上上是是被被动关关系系，故故填填过去去分分词settled，作作为宾语me的的补足足语，表示状，表示状态。年份年份答案答案考点分析考点分析2013th
8、inking现在分在分词作伴随状作伴随状语2012wearing现在分在分词作伴随状作伴随状语2011sitting现在分在分词作作宾补2010saying现在分在分词作伴随状作伴随状语2009to please不定式在不定式在adj.后作状后作状语2008help不定式作目的状不定式作目的状语2007settled过去分去分词作作宾补考情分析考情分析从上表可以看出，非从上表可以看出，非谓语动词在高考在高考语法法填空中必考且只考填空中必考且只考1个小个小题；主要考；主要考查了三个方了三个方面：面：(1)现在分在分词作伴随状作伴随状语；(2)不定式作状不定式作状语；(3)分分词作作宾补。语法法填
9、填空空题中中，若若句句中中已已有有谓语动词，又又不不是是并并列列谓语时，所所给动词就就是是非非谓语动词。若若是是非非谓语动词就就要要确确定定是是v-ing形形式式，-ed形形式，式，还是是to do，确定的方法主要有：，确定的方法主要有：(1)作作伴伴随随状状语，通通常常用用分分词，若若与与逻辑主主语是是主主动关关系系，用用-ing形形式式；若若是是被被动关关系系，用用-ed形形式式。(详见上上述述第第1，2，4小小题的的解解题思思路路)(2)作作目目的的状状语或或在在形形容容词后后作作状状语，一一般般用不定式。用不定式。(详见上述第上述第5，6小小题的解的解题思路思路)解解题技巧技巧(3)作
10、作宾语补足足语则为do，to do, v-ing, v-ed形形式式，由由不不同同的的动词句句型型，以以及及宾语与与宾补之之间的的主主动或或被被动关关系系而而定定。(详见上上述述第第3，7小小题的解的解题思路思路)(4)作作主主语或或宾语，通通常常用用v-ing 形形式式表表示示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。(5)作作表表语最最主主要要的的是是现在在分分词与与过去去分分词：表表示示人人“感感到到的的”用用-ed形形式式；说明明事事物或人是物或人是“令人令人的的”，用，用-ing形式。形式。非非谓语动词就就是是在在句句中中不不能能单独独作作谓语的的动词形
11、形式式，有有不不定定式式、-ing形形式式和和-ed形形式式三三种种形形式式。但但在在传统语法法中中，-ing形形式式又又分分现在在分分词和和动名名词，-ed形形式式叫叫过去去分分词，其其中中现在在分分词和和过去去分分词又又可可统称称为分分词。非非谓语动词，除除语法法填填空空每每年年必必考考外外，在在写写作作中中非非常常有有用用，因因此此，我我们必必须要全面了解，重点掌握。要全面了解，重点掌握。一、非一、非谓语动词的三个基的三个基础1.非非谓语动词的句法功能。的句法功能。考点考点归纳各种形式的用法特征和句法功能各种形式的用法特征和句法功能见下表：下表：用法用法特征特征主主语宾语表表语定定语宾补
12、 状状语不定式不定式n. adj.adv.-ing形式形式动名名词n.现在分在分词adj.adv.-ed形式形式 过去分去分词2.非非谓语动词的的时态语态(以以do为例例)。语态时态不定式不定式-ing形式形式-ed形式形式(过去分去分词)主主动一般式一般式 to dodoingdone是唯是唯一形式一形式(表表示被示被动、完成，或完成，或没有没有时间性性)进行式行式 to be doing完成式完成式 to have donehaving done(只作只作状状语)被被动一般式一般式 to be donebeing done完成式完成式to have been donehaving been
13、 done(只作状只作状语)时态：若若非非谓语动词的的动作作发生生在在谓语动词的的动作之前，用完成式，否作之前，用完成式，否则用一般式。用一般式。语态：当当非非谓语动词与与其其逻辑主主语是是主主动关关系，用主系，用主动式；是被式；是被动关系，用被关系，用被动式。式。3.非非谓语动词的的逻辑主主语。充当句充当句子成分子成分宾语和和表表语状状语定定语宾补逻辑主主语句子的主句子的主语所修所修饰的的词句子的句子的宾语例例1Having worked abroad for five years, he came back to his motherland.他他在在国国外外工工作作五五年年之之后后回回到
14、到了了祖祖国国。(=After he had worked for five years, he)分分析析：因因逻辑主主语he与与work是是主主动关关系系，所所以以用用-ing形形式式的的主主动式式作作状状语；又又因因“在在国国外外工工作作了了五五年年”发生生在在“回回来来”之之前前，所所以以用用完完成成式。式。 例例 2 “We cant go out in this weather,”said Bob, looking out of the window.“这样的天气我的天气我们不能出去，不能出去，”鲍勃望着窗外勃望着窗外说。分分析析：因因逻辑主主语Bob与与look是是主主动关关系系，
15、用用-ing形形式式的的主主动式式作作伴伴随随状状语；又又因因look是是伴伴随着随着said，同，同时发生的，所以用一般式。生的，所以用一般式。 例例 3 He came in, followed by his secretary. 他走了他走了进来，后面跟着他的秘来，后面跟着他的秘书。分分析析：因因逻辑主主语he与与follow(跟跟随随)是是被被动关关系系，故故用用过去去分分词作作伴伴随随状状语，follow与与came in同同时发生。生。例例4My little brother should love to be taken to the park this afternoon.我我
16、弟弟弟弟希希望望今今天下午天下午带他去公园。他去公园。分分析析：因因逻辑主主语My little brother与与take(带)是是被被动关关系系，故故用用被被动式式；又又因因should love后后习惯接接不不定定式式，不不定定式式表表示示未未来来，用用一一般式，所以用般式，所以用to be taken。若若与与谓语动作作同同时发生生，并并强强调正正在在进行行的情景或持的情景或持续性，可用不定式的性，可用不定式的进行式。如：行式。如：When I came in, Li Ming seemed to be reading a novel.我我进来来时，李明好像在看小，李明好像在看小说。注
17、意以下注意以下3点：点：(1)在在作作表表语和和补语的的形形容容词后后作作状状语，用用不定式的主不定式的主动形式表被形式表被动含含义。如：。如：This text is easy to learn. 这篇篇课文文很很容容易易学。学。I find this text easy to learn.我我觉得得这篇篇课文文很容易学。很容易学。(2)在在表表示示“需需要要”的的need, want, require等等后后用用v-ing的的主主动式式表表示示被被动含含义，此此时也也可可用用不不定定式式的被的被动式。如：式。如：My English needs improving/to be improv
18、ed. 我的英我的英语需要提高。需要提高。(3)表表示示“有有要要”用用不不定定式式的的主主动形形式式表示被表示被动意意义。如：。如：I have a lot of work to do.我有我有许多事要做。多事要做。(4)作表作表语的的to blame是主是主动表被表被动。如：。如：He is to blame for this.他会因此而受到他会因此而受到责备.二、非二、非谓语动词的用法比的用法比较1.作主作主语。不不定定式式表表示示特特定定、具具体体的的、一一次次性性的的、未未来来的的行行为，而而-ing形形式式表表示示泛泛指指的的、一一般般的的、习惯性的行性的行为。如：。如：Learn
19、ing a foreign language needs time and patience.学好外学好外语需要需要时间和耐心。和耐心。(一般一般)To tell him the truth now will hurt him.现在在告告诉他事情的真相会他事情的真相会伤害到他。害到他。(具体具体)为保保持持句句子子平平衡衡，常常用用it作作为形形式式主主语，把把作主作主语的不定式或的不定式或-ing形式移到句末。形式移到句末。如：如：It is necessary for us to learn a foreign language.我我们有必要学一有必要学一门外外语。另外，注意以下几点：另外
20、，注意以下几点：(1) 主主语与表与表语用同一形式。如：用同一形式。如：Seeing is believing. /To see is to believe.眼眼见为实。(2) 在在It is no use /It is useless /It is no good /It is worthwhile doing句句形形中中，通通常常用用-ing形式。如：形式。如：It is no use talking your trouble to a man like him.跟他那跟他那样的人的人谈你的你的烦恼没有用。没有用。2.作作宾语。(1)只接不定式作只接不定式作宾语的的动词或短或短语：有有as
21、k, demand(要要求求), plan, intend, mean(计划划), manage, do/try ones best, make an attempt, (努努力力), learn(学学习), wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer(希希望望、愿愿意意), agree, promise(同同意意), decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up ones mind(决决定定), offer(主主动提提出出)
22、, apply(申申请), help(帮帮助助), fail(不不能能、没没有有), prepare(准准备), pretend(假假 装装 ), refuse(拒拒 绝 ), happen(碰碰 巧巧 ), afford(负担得起担得起)等。等。I plan to remember the 3,500 English words this term.我我计划划在在本本学学期期记下下那那3,500个个英英语单词。(2)只接只接-ing形式作形式作宾语的的动词或短或短语：有有 allow, permit(允允 许 ), consider(考考 虑 ), suggest, advice(建建议),
23、 keep(on)(反反复复; 不不停停), finish(完完 成成 ), imagine(想想 象象 ), practise(练 习 ), understand(明明白白), appreciate, enjoy(喜喜欢), miss(错过; 怀念念), prevent(阻止阻止), forbid(禁止禁止), escape(避避免免), include(包包括括), forgive, pardon, excuse(原原 谅 ), dislike(厌 恶 ), discuss(讨 论 ), report(报道道), admit(承承认), mind(介介意意), risk(冒冒险), can
24、t stand(不不能能忍忍受受), burst out(突突然然开开始始), feel like(想想要要), insist on(坚持持), delay, put off(推推迟), give up(放放弃弃), be busy(忙忙于于), be worth(值得得)等。等。She suggested asking Mr. Li for his opinion.她她建建议征求李老征求李老师的意的意见。(3)接不定式和接不定式和-ing形式意形式意义不同的不同的词：有有 remember to do(记 住住 去去 做做 )，remember doing(记得得做做过)；forget to
25、 do(忘忘记去去做做)，forget doing(忘忘记做做过)；regret to do (遗憾憾地地做做)，regret doing(后后悔悔做做了了)；try to do(设法法做做)，try doing(试做做)；go on to do(接接着着做做另另一一事事)，go on doing(继续做做同同一一事事)；mean to do(打打算算做做)，mean doing(意意味味着着)；stop to do(停停下下来来去去做做)，stop doing(停停止止做做)；cant help to do(不不能能帮帮助助做做)，cant help doing(情不自禁做情不自禁做)等。等
26、。Remember to pay him.记住住要要付付钱给他。他。(钱还未付未付)I remember paying (or: having paid) him.我我记得已得已经付付给他他钱了。了。(4)介介词后后一一般般只只能能接接-ing形形式式作作宾语，以下短以下短语动词中的中的to是介是介词：有有look forward to(盼盼望望), be/get used to(习惯), get down to(开开始始认真真), pay attention to(注注意意), be devoted to /devoteto (致致力力于于), lead to(导致致), refer to(
27、谈到到), point to(指指向向), turn to(转向向), object to(反反对), equal to(等等于于、能能胜任任), belong to(属于属于)等。等。He objected to being treated like a child. 他他反反对被当作小孩子看待。被当作小孩子看待。3.作表作表语。(1) v-ing形形式式作作表表语，说明明主主语的的性性质特特征征，意意为“令令人人的的”，多多指指事事物物(现在在分分词相相当当于于形形容容词)；也也可可以以说明明主主语的的内内容容(动名名词)。如：。如：This news is exciting. 这个个消消
28、息息令令人人激激动。(性性质现在分在分词)My work is teaching. /Teaching is my work. 我的工作是教我的工作是教书。(内容内容动名名词)(2) v-ed形形式式表表示示性性质特特征征，意意为 “感感到到的的”，多指人。，多指人。Everybody feels excited about it.大大家家都都为此感到此感到兴奋。(3) 不定式作表不定式作表语有三种情况：有三种情况：主主语与表与表语“等价等价”时。His dream is to be admitted by a key university.他的梦想是考上重点大学。他的梦想是考上重点大学。在在
29、seem, appear, prove(证明明是是)，turn out(结果是果是)等后。等后。He appears to want to leave.他他看看来来要要走走了。了。表表示示计划划、应该、约定定、命命令令、命命中中注定等。注定等。We are to meet at the school gate.我我们将将在校在校门口碰口碰头。(约定定)4. 作作宾语补足足语。当当宾语与与作作宾补的的动词在在逻辑上上是是主主动关关系系时，用用不不定定式式(全全过程程)或或-ing形形式式(正正在在进行行或或一一直直处于于某某种种状状态)；是是被被动关关系系时，用用-ed形形式式。另外，另外，请注
30、意复注意复习以下以下3点：点：(1)接不定式作接不定式作宾补的的动词。主主要要有有tell, ask, expect, inspire, encourage, allow， advise, remind， persuade， require，force，forbid等等。在在help后后作作宾补的的不不定定式式带不不带to均可。如：均可。如：Mr. Wang often encourages us to study hard.王老王老师常常鼓励我常常鼓励我们努力学努力学习。(2)接不接不带to的不定式作的不定式作宾补的的动词。主主要要有有hear, listen to, let, make,
31、have, see, watch, notice, observe等，表示等，表示动作的全作的全过程。程。I saw him go out.我看到他出去了。我看到他出去了。但被但被动语态中，要加上中，要加上to。He was seen to go out.有人看到他出去了。有人看到他出去了。(3) 接接-ing形式作形式作宾补的的动词。主主要要有有hear, see, watch, feel, find等等，表表示示在在“看到，听到看到，听到”时“正在正在发生生”。I heard her singing just now.刚才才我我听听到到她她在唱歌。在唱歌。5.作定作定语。(1) -ing形
32、式作定形式作定语，表示某，表示某动作正在作正在进行行(现在在分分词)，或或说明明名名词的的功功能能(动名名词)。如：如：a sleeping baby (=a baby who is sleeping)一一个个正正熟熟睡睡的的婴儿儿；a reading room (=a room for reading)阅览室。室。(2)用用-ing形形式式表表示示主主动、正正在在进行行，-ed形形式式被被动、完完成成，不不定定式式表表示示将将来来，三三者者都都可可以以转化化为定定语从句。如：从句。如：The boy standing there is a friend of mine.站站在在那那边那那个个
33、男男孩孩是是我我的的一一个个朋朋友友。(=The boy who is standing there is)The building being built will be our library.现在在正正在在建建的的那那座座房房子子将将是是我我们的的图书馆。(=The building which is being built is)The building built last year is our library.去去年年建建好好的的那那座座房房子子是是我我们的的图书馆。(The building which was built last year is)The building t
34、o be built next month will be our library.下下个个月月要要建建的的房房子子将将是是我我们的的图书馆。(=The building which will be built next month)表表示示“第第几几个个做做某某事事的的人人”用用the first /second (+n.) to do sth.如：如：Tom was the first person to arrive at school.汤姆是第一个到校的人。姆是第一个到校的人。(3)表表示示情情感感的的动词，-ing形形式式表表示示“令令人人的的”，-ed形形式式表表示示“感感到到的的
35、”。如如：exciting news令令 人人 激激 动 的的 消消 息息 ； excited expression脸上上兴奋的表情。的表情。6.作状作状语。(1)作作目目的的状状语或或在在形形容容词后后作作状状语, 用用动词不定式。不定式。He has been working hard to get a good mark.为了了获得好成得好成绩，他一直在努力学，他一直在努力学习。His father, I think, is pleased to persuade him.我我认为，他父，他父亲乐意去意去说服他。服他。(2)不不定定式式作作状状语，表表示示原原因因，多多用用于于表表示示情
36、情 感感 反反 应 的的 动 词 、 形形 容容 词 (如如 glad, sorry, surprised, frightened, delighted)之之后后，只只能能放放在在句末，且不用逗号。如：句末，且不用逗号。如：I am very glad to see you.见到到你你我我非非常常高高兴。(3) -ing形形式式和和-ed形形式式作作状状语，可可表表示示伴伴随随、时间、原原因因、条条件件、结果果、让步步等等，表表示示伴伴随随时可可转化化为并并列列谓语，其其他他情情况况一一般般可可转化化为相相应的状的状语从句。从句。表表 伴伴 随随 ： They sat there, talki
37、ng happily. 他他 们 坐坐 在在 那那 里里 高高 兴 地地 交交 谈 着着 。(=and talked happily) The teacher stood there, surrounded by a lot of students.那那位位老老师站站在在那那里里，有有许多多学学生生围着着。(=and was surrounded /who was surrounded)表表时间：Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.听听到到这条条坏坏消消息息后后，他他们情情不不自自禁禁地地哭哭了了起起来来。(=When /After t
38、hey heard the bad news, they) 表表原原因因：Born into a peasant family，he had only two years of schooling. 他他出出生生于于农民民家家庭，只上庭，只上过两年学。两年学。(=As he was born)表表条条件件：Given a little more time, I would have worked out the problem.如如果果再再多多给我我一一点点时间，我我就就会会做做出出那那道道题目目了了。(=If I had been given a little more time, I) 表
39、表结果果：We set off very early, arriving there ahead of time.我我们动身身很很早早，结果果提提前前到到达了那里。达了那里。(so that we arrived)表表 让 步步 ： Being tired, they went on working.虽 然然 累累 了了 ， 但但 他他 们 继 续 工工 作作 。 (= Although they were tired, they)(4)不不定定式式表表结果果，其其动作作发生生在在谓语动词之之后后，往往往往表表示示未未曾曾预料料到到的的或或令令人人不不快快的的，前前面面 常常 加加 only；
40、 也也 还 用用 于于 tooto, enough to, so/suchas to等等固固定定结构构中中。-ing形形式式表表示示的的结果果，是是伴伴随随谓语动词的的发生生而而产生生的的自自然然结果果(同同时发生生)，谓语动词与与现在在分分词的的动作作是是因因果果关系。如：关系。如：He hurried to the station, only to find (and found) the train had left.他他匆匆匆匆忙忙忙忙赶赶到到火火车站站，结果果发现那趟火那趟火车已走了。已走了。 European football is played in 80 countries,
41、making (=which makes) it the most popular sport in the world.欧欧洲洲足足球球有有80个个国国家家都都在在踢踢，结果果使使得它成得它成为世界上最流行的运世界上最流行的运动。另另外外，有有时前前面面还带有有连词，即即“连词+ -ing形式形式”“连词+-ed形式形式”。如：。如：You must be careful while crossing the road.你你过马路路时一一定定得得小小心心。(=while you are crossing)I wont go to their wedding unless invited.除除
42、非非得得到到邀邀请，否否则我我不不会会出出席席他他们的婚礼。的婚礼。(=unless I am invited)u一、一、单句填空句填空 用所用所给词的正确形式填空。的正确形式填空。1. (2013福福建建) _(know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.Knowing 因因句句中中will help是是谓语，前前面面应是是非非谓语动词作作主主语，表表示示一一般般或或抽抽象象，用用-ing形形式。式。实战演演练2. (2011深深圳圳二二模模) Instantly, I felt
43、so sorry. I had intended_ (help) her, completely misunderstanding her.to help 因因intend后后只只能能接接不不定定式式作作宾语，故故填填to help。3. (2013广广州州二二模模)The book claimed that Indias people were very welcoming of tourists, and never tried_ (cheat) them. As I read I felt deeply touched by these warm words. to cheat 表表示示
44、“试图做做某某事事”，try后后要要接接不不定定式式作作宾语。4. (2009广广州州二二模模)I wasnt used to_ (take) care of like that and it was at this moment that his unspoken concern caught me by surprise. being taken 由由句句意意可可知知wasnt used to意意为“不不习惯”，to是是介介词，后后面面只只能能接接-ing形形式式作作宾语；又又因因take care of后后没没有有宾语了了，可可知知I与与take care of是被是被动关系，故填关系，
45、故填being taken。5. (2012广广州州二二模模)The main finding of the 30 countries survey is that the equality between men and women is vital to _ (improve) living standards and health, especially for children in developing countries.improving 表表示示“对关关系系重重大大”的的be vital to中中的的to是介是介词，用，用-ing形式作形式作宾语。6. (2013深深 圳圳 二
46、二 模模 )The man was so_ (move) that he had to fight back tears.moved 作作表表语，表表示示人人“感感动的的”，用用-ed形式。形式。7.(2013重重 庆 )The engine just wont start. Something seems _ (go) wrong with it.to have gone 因因seem后后只只能能接接不不定定式式作作表表语，不不能能接接-ed或或-ing形形式式，且且根根据据句句意意“引引擎擎发不不动，看看起起来来好好像像已已经出出了了毛毛病病了了”，可可知知要要用用不定式的完成式。不定式的
47、完成式。8. (2009广广州州一一模模)On their return the father asked his son_ (explain) what he had learnt.to explain 由由ask sb. to do sth.可可知知，用用不不定式作定式作宾补。9. (2013北北 京京 )When we saw the road _ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.blocked 因因the road与与block(阻阻碍碍，堵堵塞塞)是是被被动关系，所以用关系，所以用-ed形式作形式作
48、宾补。10. (2013陕西西)Let those in need _ (understand) that we will go all out to help them.understand 句句中中in need是是those的的定定语，意意为“有有需需要要的的人人”，考考查的的是是let sb. do sth.句句型型，所所以以用用不不带to的的不不定定式作式作宾补。11. (2011深深圳圳一一模模)She will lift her fork to swallow a mouthful, and then put it down again to make another point
49、, leaving almost all of her meal_ (touch).untouched 因因all of her meal与与touch是是被被动关关系系，要要用用-ed形形式式作作宾补；因因“将将餐餐叉叉放放下下，又又考考虑另另外外的的问题了了”，所所以以“留留下下几几乎乎所所有有的的饭菜菜 ， 再再 也也 没没 有有 碰碰 过 了了 ”， 故故 填填 其其 反反 义 词untouched。12. (2007广广州州二二模模)With the problem _ (solve), I felt proud of my achievement.solved 因因the prob
50、lem与与solve是是被被动关关系系，又又由由后后面面“为取取得得的的成成绩感感到到骄傲傲”可可知知，问题已已经解决，故用解决，故用-ed形容作形容作宾补。13. (2009深深圳圳二二模模)A real trial began when I stood on the platform with my legs _ (tremble) and my mind blank. How much time had passed by, I didnt know.trembling 因因my legs与与tremble是是主主动关关系系，又又与与stood同同时发生，故用生，故用-ing形式作形式作
51、宾补。14. (2013深深圳圳二二模模) _ (open) it, he found two small table mats and a sum of money totaling 25,000.Opening 因因he与与open是是主主动关关系系，且且open与与found同同时发生生，所所以以用用-ing形形式式作作状状语，表表示示时间。15. (2009深深圳圳一一模模) _(teach) to behave well, my sister and I respected other people, regardless of their age or color. My gran
52、dmother was loved by all the people around her.Taught 因因my sister and I与与teach是是被被动关关系系，用用-ed形式作原因状形式作原因状语。16. (2013深深圳圳一一模模)Soon he disappeared in the Mens. I stood there _ (puzzle). Suddenly I realizedpuzzled 因因I与与puzzle(使使迷迷惑惑)是是被被动关关系，用系，用-ed形式作状形式作状语，表示伴随状，表示伴随状态。17. (2013广广 州州 一一 模模 )They ofte
53、n take children on day-trips, _(bring) along with them all kinds of food for the kids to enjoy. bringing 因因与与They是是主主动关关系系，用用-ing形形式作伴随状式作伴随状语。18. (2012广广州州一一模模)The cheerful and optimistic rabbit threw himself into looking for the carrot, _(dig) here and there, totally convinced that he would find i
54、t.digging 因因rabbit与与dig是是主主动关关系系，用用-ing形形式式作伴随状作伴随状语。19. (2013课标)I got to the office earlier that day, _(catch) the 7:30 train from Padington.having caught 因因有有逗逗号号, 后后面面不不可可能能是是不不定定式式；因因逻辑主主语I与与catch是是主主动关关系系，用用-ing形形式式；“赶赶上上七七点点半半的的火火车”应在在“到到达达办公公室室”之之前前，发生生在在谓语之之前前，要要用用完完成成式式，所所以以填填having caught。
55、-ing形形式式的的完完成成式式作作状状语，表表示示原原因因，相当于相当于because I had caught。20. (2013北北京京) _(find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.Finding 因因she与与find是是主主动关关系系，故故用用-ing形形式式，作作状状语，表表示示原原因因，相相当当于于As she found。21. (2013重重 庆 )When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _ (tell) me
56、stories till I fell asleep.telling 因因my mother与与tell是是主主动关关系系，用用-ing形形式式作作sit的的伴伴随随状状语，相相当当于于and tell。22. (2013山山东) _ (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again.Having eaten 因因Tina与与eat是主是主动关系，用关系，用 -ing形形式式作作状状语；“以以前前在在那那个个自自助助餐餐厅吃吃过”应是是在在“不不想想再再去去那那里里吃吃”之之前前，发生生在在谓语之之前前，用用完完
57、成成式式。这里里是是表表示示原原因因，相相当当于于As she had eaten at。23. (2013山山东)I stopped the car_ (take) a short break as I was feeling tired.to take 因因“休休息息一一会会”是是“停停车”的的目目的的，作目的状作目的状语，要用不定式。，要用不定式。24. (2013湖湖南南)The sun began to rise in the sky, _(bath) the mountain in golden light.bathing 因因the sun与与bath(使使沐沐浴浴在在中中)是是
58、主主动关关系系，又又是是同同时发生生，故故用用-ing形式作状形式作状语，表示伴随。，表示伴随。25. _(admit) to a key university, all the students in Senior 3 are making great efforts to study. To be admitted 因因“考考入入/被被重重点点大大学学录取取”是是“努努力力学学习”的的目目的的，作作目目的的状状语要要用用不不定定式式，又又因因all the students与与admit(允允许进入入)是是被被动关系，故用不定式的被关系，故用不定式的被动式。式。26. _(complete
59、) all the homework assigned by the school, the students have to work at it till midnight.To complete 作目的状作目的状语。27. (2013广广州州二二模模)I had no other choice _ (leave), so I agreed to pay, but only after my bag was returned. left 因因choice与与leave是是被被动关关系系，用用-ed形形式式作作定定语。28. (2011广广 州州 一一 模模 )Dudley, which i
60、s probably the heart of the Black Country, has a history _ (date) back over 1,000 years.dating 作定作定语，修，修饰history。29. (2010广广州州二二模模) But the leaders did not announce any_ (detail) plan for Greece after meeting Thursday in Brussels.detailed 因因plan与与detail(详述述)是是被被动关关系系，用用-ed形式作定形式作定语，表示，表示“详细的的”计划。划。3
61、0. (2013北北京京)Volunteering gives you a chance _ (change) lives, including your own.to change 不不定定式式作作定定语，意意为：志志愿愿者者工工作作给了了你你一一个个“改改变生生活活的的”机机会会，包包括括你你自自己己的的生生活活。to change lives相相当当于于which can change lives。31. (2013天天津津)In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _ (use) in daily conversati
62、ons.used 意意为“日日常常会会话中中使使用用的的词汇”，words与与use是是被被动关关系系，用用-ed形形式式作作后后置置定定语。used相当于定相当于定语从句从句which were used。32. (2013山山东)The room is empty except for a bookshelf_ (stand) in one corner.standing 因因a bookshelf与与stand是是主主动关关系系，用用-ing形形 式式 作作 定定 语 ， standing相相 当当 于于 which stands33. (2013辽宁宁)Laura was away i
63、n Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _ (wait) for her.waiting 因因a pile of mail与与wait是是主主动关关系系，用用-ing形式作定形式作定语，waiting相当于相当于that is waiting34. (2013湖湖南南)You cannot accept an opinion _ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.offered 因因an opinion与与offer是是被被动关关系系，所所以以用
64、用-ed形形式式作作定定语，offered相相当当于于which is offered。句句意意：你你不不会会接接受受别人人给你你提提的的看看法，除非是以事法，除非是以事实为根据的看法。根据的看法。35. (2013四四川川)The airport_ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.to be completed 由由next year可可知知，是是将将来来完完工工，用用不不定定式式；又又因因the airport与与complete是是被被动关关系系, 所所以以用用不不定定式式的的被被动式式作作定定语,
65、to be completed相当于相当于which will be completed。36. Chinas first aircraft carrier, _ (measure) as long as 304 meters, was handed over to the Peoples Liberation Army Navy in 2012.measuring。因因Chinas first aircraft carrier与与measure(=be)是是主主动关关系系，用用-ing形形式式作作定定语，measuring相相当当于于定定语从从句句which measures。37. (20
66、08深深圳圳一一模模)My pupils, Donnie _ (include), adored her. With her frequent encouragement, Donnie became confident.included 因因Donnie与与include是被是被动关系，用关系，用 -ed形形式式。顺便便说说，表表示示“包包括括唐唐尼尼”可可以以是是Donnie included也可以是也可以是including Donnie。38. (2013安安徽徽) _(found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on insp
67、iring childrens love of art.Founded 因因the school与与found(成成立立)是是被被动关关系，用系，用-ed形式表示被形式表示被动、完成。、完成。39.(2014茂茂名名二二模模)My eyes watered a bit as I watched this scene and remembered all the times when my own children had ran into my arms with _ (smile) faces.smiling 现在在分分词作作定定语的的用用法法，中中心心词faces与定与定语“微笑微笑”是主
68、是主谓关系，故用关系，故用现在分在分词。40.(2014茂茂 名名 一一 模模 )after luckily _ (succeed) in the national college entrance examination, I realized my dream again. succeeding 在在介介词after后后作作宾语，要要用用动名名词。41.(2014广广 州州 一一 模模 )The Northern Essex Community College(NECC) students and one of their teachers spent part of their spri
69、ng break in New York City, helping repair an area _ (destroy) by the hurricane.destroyed。 根根据据句句意意可可知知用用过去去分分词作作定定语，表被，表被动。42.(2014佛佛山山一一模模)They observed birds flying _ (get) ideas, as well as read about other inventors attempts to make aircraft. to get 不定式作目的状不定式作目的状语。43.(2014广广 州州 一一 模模 )Inside th
70、e building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building _ (lie) all over the place.lying 现在分在分词作状作状语，表状，表状态。 44.(2014广广州州调研研)Within a short time of his death, money started pouring in from all over Scotland_ (support) his widow and children. to support 不定式作状不定式作状语，
71、表目的。，表目的。45.(2014广广州州调研研)He died at the age of 37 as a result of a weak heart, brought on by years of poor working conditions on the farm _ (date) back to his childhood.dating 现在分在分词作定作定语修修饰前面的前面的years。 46.(2014深深圳圳一一模模)Tom shook his head, went back to the market and returned _ (inform) the boss 1.2
72、 per kg. to inform 在在谓语动词returned后后作作目目的的状状语，用不定式。，用不定式。47.(2014惠惠州州三三模模)They ran away quickly and hid. _ (breath) heavily after hiding in the mouse-holeBreathing 现在分在分词作状作状语，表，表时间。 48.(2014江江门一一模模)In Mount Berry, Georgia, people find a group of schools _ (build) specially for mountain children. bui
73、lt 此此处作作后后置置定定语，修修饰schools，两两者者是是被被动关系，故关系，故应填其填其过去分去分词形式形式built。49.(2013佛佛山山一一模模) _(compare) with people who have to be in their offices during the day, I dont have to get up earlyCompared 非非谓语动词作作状状语，表表示示“与与相相比比”要用要用过去分去分词compared with/tou二、二、语篇填空篇填空 用所用所给动词的正确形式填空。的正确形式填空。 1. _ (fall) in love wit
74、h a beautiful girl, a lion went to her parents and asked them 2. _ (marry) her to him. The old parents did not know what to say. Not 3._(hope) to give their daughter to the lion, they did not want 4. _ (anger) the king of beasts. At last the father said, “We are as glad as other parents 5. _(marry)
75、our daughter Falling to marryhopingto anger to marryto you, but we fear that you might possibly hurt her. So 6. _ (remove) your claws and teeth, you can marry her.” 7. _ (love) the girl very much, the lion trimmed (修修剪剪) his claws and took out his big teeth. 8._(come) to the parents again, he was si
76、mply laughed in his face.9. _ (beat) out of the house, the lion felt 10. _(depress) and died soon. removingLoving ComingBeaten depressed 这是一则有深刻意义的寓言故事。寓意这是一则有深刻意义的寓言故事。寓意: 有有些人轻易相信别人的话，抛弃自己的长处，结果些人轻易相信别人的话，抛弃自己的长处，结果轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了。轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了。1. Falling 因因a lion与与fall是主动关系，用是主动关系，用-ing形式形式
77、作状语，表示原因。作状语，表示原因。2. to marry 由由ask sb. to do sth.可知，用不定式可知，用不定式作宾补。作宾补。3. hoping 因因they与与hope是主动关系，用是主动关系，用-ing形式形式作状语，表示让步，相当于作状语，表示让步，相当于Although they didnt hope to。4. to anger 因因want后只能用不定式作宾语，后只能用不定式作宾语，意为意为“不想激怒百兽之王不想激怒百兽之王”。5. to marry 在作表语的形容词在作表语的形容词glad后作状语，后作状语，表示原因，只能用不定式。表示原因，只能用不定式。6.
78、removing 因因you与与remove是主动关系，用是主动关系，用 -ing形式，作状语，表示条件，相当于形式，作状语，表示条件，相当于if you remove。7. Loving 因因the lion与与love是主动关系，用是主动关系，用 -ing形式，作状语，表示原因。形式，作状语，表示原因。8. Coming 因因he与与come是主动关系，用是主动关系，用-ing形式作伴随状语。形式作伴随状语。9. Beaten 因因the lion与与beat是被动关系，用是被动关系，用-ed形式作状语，表示原因。形式作状语，表示原因。10. depressed 表示狮子表示狮子“感到沮丧的感到沮丧的”，用过去分词形式作表语。用过去分词形式作表语。
