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1、第第4040课课 完形填空完形填空解题策略 “完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。 .“完形填空”题要求填入的词主要有： 1语法结构所要求的功能词。如：连接词，连接代词，连接副 词，关系代词，关系副词等。 2具有语法变化的普通词。如：动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等。 3固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。 4同义词、近义词等易混淆词。 5根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。 可见，完形填空是一
2、种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。 .“完形填空”题的考查目的： 1考查同学们阅读理解能力。 2考查同学们语法知识。 3考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。 .“完形填空”题解题的主要思路有： 1通读全文，领悟大意。 完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现，因此，通读全文，把握文章整体大意就尤为重要。很多同学为了省时间，只看选项，不看文章。不看上下文，不寻找文章中句子与句子的关系，结果做出来的答案往往是错误的。【例1】(2011嘉兴、舟山)IMAGINE a life without arms
3、or legs! You cant hold anyone in your 26. You cant walk anywhere with your feet. How would you last a day like that? Would you 27 at yourself in the mirror like Nick Vujicic, the 29yearold Australian? ( )26. A. arms B. ears C. eyes D. teeth ( )27. A. laugh B. cry C. smile D. shout 答案26.A27.C解析：从首句可获
4、取26题答案为A；然而要想获取27题答案需通读全文才可获知：Nick Vujicic是微笑着面对生活。故此处为：你会像Nick Vujicic那样微笑着面对镜子里的自己吗？。故27题选C。 2重视首句获信息 重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的，目的是给同学们一个整体印象，同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、背景等。【例2】At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. Last year we went to an old peoples 1 and sang songs
5、and performed a play for 2 . The old people were very 3 . We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. For example, we should 4 primary schools and help 5 young students. I want to be a teacher 6 Im older，so it would be a great experience for me. Other students would like to
6、do other jobs. For example, my friend Tian Ge wants to 7 for a newspaper. She should be allowed to volunteer at the newspaper office once a week.( )1. A. home B. bank C. shop D. river( )2. A. us B. them C. him D. her( )3. A. great B. angry C. smart D. happy( )4. A. buy B. have C. visit D. build( )5.
7、 A. tell B. ask C. teach D. find( )6. A. how B. when C. where D. why( )7. A. write B. wait C. look D. pay答案1.A2.B3.D4.C5.C6.B7.A解析：首句At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others.有提纲挈领之效，简明扼要地提示我们，作者的学校有一个特殊的日子，那就是帮助别人献爱心的日子。有助于我们理解全文，甚至让我们毫不犹豫地确认第1题应填单词home.3. 运用短语搭配及固定句式【例3】(2011温州
8、)Grandma helped me wrap the coat in Christmas paper and ribbons, and 21 “To Bobbie, From Father Christmas” on it. A. read B. say C. write D. spell 答案：C 解析：动词write与下文on it搭配意为“在上面写下”。 故选C。即学即用1：( )(1)Anyway, those strange characters brought happiness back his heart. (2011丽水) A. for B. with C. into D.
9、 by( )(2)Many young people end up in a job because they are not _ for it. (2011烟台) A. suitable B. fitted C. able D. like( )(3)There is a difference _ an interest and a skill. (2011烟台) A. both B. between C. from D. eitherCAB4. 运用语法知识【例4】(2011温州)I decided to buy Bobbie a red warm coat _ he would like.
10、 A. where B. that C. who D. why 解析：此题考查学生对定语从句的运用。 先行词a red warm coat指物，关系代词须用that或which。 故选B。B即学即用2：( )(1)He sat right behind me _ Mrs. Pollacks class. (2011温州) A. for B. on C. in D. with( )(2)His mother always wrote a note, telling the teacher that he had a cough, _ we all knew that he didnt have
11、a cough, and he didnt have a coat. (2011温州) A. so B. if C. but D. andCC 5. 运用词语辨析，选择判断 此类题的特点是选项中所给的四个词词性相同、词义相同或相近。主要考查学生在具体语言环境中对所学词汇的辨析和运用能力。【例5】(2011温州)Then she drove me over to Bobbies house, telling that I was helping Father Christmas _ the presents. A. give up B. give away C. put up D. put of
12、f 解析：give up放弃，give away赠送，put up张贴，put off推迟。 “give away the presents赠送礼物”符合逻辑。故选B。B即学即用3：( )(1)I took a deep breath, rushed to his front door, put the present down. _ the door, rang the doorbell and flew back to the safety of.(2011温州) A. on B. behind C. outside D. over( )(2)he looked _ the second
13、old bag: two small dolls, three small stones coins.(2011台州) A. for B. after C. into D. aroundCC( )(3)When I was about 12 years old, I really wanted a new bike! I_ my parents my birthday wish, . (2011宁波) A. talked B. spoke C. said D. toldD 6. 全面考虑定选项 完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体
14、，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的暗示及线索(含体裁、时态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、社会文化线索、上下文线索等)，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，确定正确的答案。 注意：不要试图从头至尾地去解答完形填空题。有的选项内容在短文的其他地方有较为明确的提示，甚至原封不动地重现。 (1)运用词汇复现，选择判断。 复现有原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现、同词根复现、概括词复现等。完形填空中，考生可以利用上下文的复现信息，确定正确的表达方式。 原词复现。 为了表达的需求，有时在上下文同一概念会重复出现。考生可以借助上下文中的这一信
15、息选择答案。【例6】(2010 温州)Grandma handed me ten dollars and said, “Take the _ and buy something for someone who needs it. For a few seconds I just stood there, holding the money, . A. book B. coat C. present D. money 解析：本题属于原词复现题。由下文“holding the money 我拿着钱”可知此处应填入money。故选D。D即学即用4：( )(1)Grandma parked the c
16、ar along the street, and we hid behind the trees near Bobbies house. I took a deep breath, rushed to his front door, put the present down. rang the doorbell and flew back to the safety of the and Grandma. (2011温州) A. shop B. cars C. door D. treesD( )(2).“I forget to put this note in it，” she said. W
17、hen Molly put her arms around her fathers neck, he opened the _ that read: “I love you, Daddy.” (2011台州) A. card B. letter C. note D. book C 同义词、近义词、反义词复现。同义词、近义词、反义词复现是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文语意得以连贯起来。做完形填空时，考生应注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言。【例7】(2010 温州) .I ran to my grandmothers house, for she always told
18、 the truth. Grandma was at home. I told _ everything. “No Father Christmas？”. A. him B. her C. them D. you 解析：本题属于近义词复现。上文：我向奶奶家跑去， 奶奶在家。可判断我告诉她her一切。故选B。B即学即用5：( )(1)I thought of _ I knew: my family, my friends, my neighbors. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody( )(2)This one didnt look so
19、 good. It was _ and was held together with tape(胶带). (2011台州) A. nice B. old C. empty D. expensiveAB同源词复现【例8】(2011台州)It was Mollys job to hand her father his paper lunch bag each morning before he went to work. One morning, beside his usual lunch bag, Molly _ him a second paper bag. A. handed B. ask
20、ed C. helped D. bought 解析：本题属于同源词复现。根据上文中的“hand her father his paper lunch bag递给她爸爸午餐袋”，可判断handed为 正确答案。故选A。A即学即用6：( )The busy father smiled, finished eating and _ away the bags, dolls and stones. .he had thrown them into the trash can(垃圾箱) . (2011台州) A. gave B. put C. ran D. threw D(2)对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，
21、选择判断。【例9】(2011温州)Bobbie _ went to any party during the winter. His mother always wrote a note, telling the teacher that he had a cough，.we all knew that he didnt have a cough, and he didnt have a coat. . A. always B. often C. sometime D. never 解析：本题考查根据上下文理解，进行推理。根据下文：他妈 妈总是写纸条告诉老师他咳嗽，我们都知道他没咳嗽， 我们也
22、知道他没有大衣。判断：整个冬天他从未参加任何晚 会。故选D。D即学即用7：( )(1)“No Father Christmas？” she was a little _. “Dont believe it. Put on your coat, and lets go.” A. angry B. happy C. tired D. afraid( )(2)Grandma told me Father Christmas never let people know that he _them. (2011温州) A. helped B. believed C . taught D. madeAA(
23、3)抓住含有关键信息的词语，选择判断。【例10】(2011台州).he looked into the second old bag: two small dolls, three small stones coins. . .Those are the _ I really love. A. foods B. places C. people D. collections 解析：本题由上文中“two small dolls, three small stones coins 两个小布娃娃，三个小石子。”可知这是collections收藏。 故选D。D即学即用8：( )(1)For a few
24、 seconds I just stood there, holding the money, wondering _ to buy, and who to buy it for. I decided to buy Bobbie a red warm coat.(2011温州) A. what B. when C. where D. howA( )(2)I suddenly thought of Bobbie Decker, a _ with bad and messy hair. He sat right behind me in Mrs. Pollacks class.(2011温州) A
25、. girl B. boy C. man D. woman( )(3)That when they were having supper, . (2011台州) A. morning B. noon C. evening D. midnightBC 7复读全文检验答案 把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍(甚至多遍)，逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求，并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。 很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区，把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上，这会降低解题效率。正确做法应是： 顺藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句。 瞻前顾后，在文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要什么词，带着这个目的到四个选项里找。 顾全大局，做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话。 认清细节，比如考固定搭配的题。 总之要想成功突破完形填空必需做到：研读首尾，抓主题；上下联系，寻信息；左顾右盼，找搭配；思前想后，觅逻辑；语境分析，辨词义；回读检查，补漏洞。强 化 训 练完成考点跟踪训练完成考点跟踪训练 40 40
