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1、形容词、副词的基本用法(一) 形容词是表示事物的特征和性质的词类，通常在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语等。1.形容词主要在下列动词后作宾语补足语：（1）表示感觉的动词，如：feel,find,see等。 She felt the palm of his hand wet with sweat.她感觉他的手掌汗湿了。 I found the cage empty.我发觉笼子空了。 Seeing him perfectly grave, she nod her head with approval.她看见他非常严肃的样子就点头同意了。（2）表示致使的动词，如：get,have,leave,make,
2、set,turn等。 He got his shoes and socks wet. 他把鞋袜都弄湿了。 The operation left him weak.那次手术使他身体变弱了。 The cold wind turned the leaves yellow.寒风使树叶变黄了。2.形容词有时也可作状语表示伴随或结果，形容词作状语表示主语的状态，并不表达动作的方式。 After the long journey， the three of them went back home， hungry and tired.经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。（二）副词表示动作、状态、特征等
3、的性质（方式、程度、数量等），或指出动作和状态的发生或存在的状况，因此副词的语法意义是多样的，副词在句中主要作状语，也可作表语、定语、宾语补足语。1.作状语是副词的主要句法功能，作状语时它修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。 I agree with you absolutely.我完全同意你。 He looked tired, so deathly tired. 他看来累了，累得要死。2.有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever) since，in case等。 He is old. He works hard， though.Though he is old， he
4、works hard.虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。3.有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等。 Fortunately， he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军救了。 Happily for her， her stepmother was kind to her.令她高兴的是她的继母对她很好。4.can not/never 与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越越好。 You can never be too care
5、ful in the street.在大街上你越小心越好。1.A is (v.)倍数比较级thanB2.A is (v.)倍数as原级asB3.A is (v.)倍数the名词(size，length，height 等)ofB4.A is (v.)倍数thatofB5.A is (v.)倍数what 引导的名词性从句 This building is three times higher than that one.=This building is three times as high as that one.=This building is three times the height
6、 of that one.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。形容词、副词表示倍数的句型 The output of this year is 3 times that of 2014.The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2014.今年的产量是2014年的三倍。 After the new technique was introduced， the factory produced twice as many cars in 2014 as the year before.引进新技术后，这家工厂2014年生产的小汽车是去年的两倍。形容
7、词、副词的比较等级1.“as形容词(a/an)名词as”表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。 It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2.“as形容词/副词的原级as”与“not as/so形容词/副词的原级as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。 The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项工作不像你想象的那么难。3.“the比较
8、级of the two名词”表示“两者中较的那个”。 The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4.a形容词比较级n. After two years research， we have a far better understanding of the disease.研究两年之后，现在我们进一步了解了这种病。5.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越越”。 The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you.你说得越多，他就越不专心听你讲。6.比较级+and+
9、比较级，表示“越来越”。 Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的城市会变得越来越美丽。7.比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。 The students study even harder than before.学生们学习比以前更努力了。 A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.汽车比自行车跑的快得多。8.最高级(1)最高级的修饰语
10、常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的一座。 Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买那部第二贵的相机。(2)否定词比较级最高级 There is no greater love than that of a man who lay
11、s down his life for his friends.为朋友而舍弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上的发言满意吗？No. It couldnt have been worse.不，发言太差了。.单句填空1.If you want to book tickets for the 2016 Asian Games, just call 00952012. It couldnt be (simple).【解析】句意：如果你想预订2016年亚运会的票,就拨打电话00952012。不可
12、能比这更简单了。形容词比较级和否定词连用时，表最高级意思，即：这是最简单的。【答案】1.simpler2.The concept of “Customer First” should be （firm）rooted in the mind of every shop-assistant. 【解析】句意：“顾客至上”的概念应该牢固地植根于每个商店售货员的心里。修饰过去分词应用副词。【答案】2.firmly3.He had driven no (far) than ten miles when his race car broke down and he was soon behind the o
13、ther competitors. 【解析】句意：他刚刚开了不超过十英里距离时，他的赛车就抛锚了,很快他就落后于其他竞争对手。far表示“具体距离”时的比较级是farther。【答案】3.farther4.Your plan, as well as his, sounds original. But the company, I think, wont approve either of them, for they are (real).【解析】句意：你的计划以及他的计划听起来是那么有创意，但我认为公司哪个也不会批准的,因为它们不现实。从句意看应是不切合实际的，因此应是unrealistic
14、。【答案】4.unrealistic5.Do you like this part of the town, the so-called desired area?On the contrary, its the _ area that I want to visit in town.【解析】句意：你喜欢这座城市的这一部分吗,所谓的期望区？相反,这是我最不想参观的一个区域。last本意为“最后的”，引申为“the least suitable or likely”(最不可能的)。【答案】5.last6.Retirement is obviously a very complex adjustm
15、ent period and the (early) you start planning for it, the better.【解析】句意：退休显然是一个非常复杂的适应期,你越早开始规划越好。“the+比较级，the+比较级”是一个固定句型，意为“越就越好”。【答案】6.earlier7.If there were no examinations tomorrow, we would have a much (happy) time tonight.【解析】句意：如果明天没有考试,我们今晚会更快乐。本句是一个虚拟，是虚拟与真实的对比，是比较关系，因此用比较级。【答案】7.happier8.
16、Its likely that she will be (absence) from punishment, as our teacher has been convinced by her excuse.【解析】句意：很有可能她不会受到惩罚,因为老师相信了她的借口。absence 的形容词形式是absent。【答案】8.absent9.Young people go to college with the expectation that _(good) educated people get a higher pay. 【解析】句意：年轻人上大学的期望是受过更好教育的人会得到更高的薪水。从
17、后文用词higher 可知，这里是一个相对的概念，含一个比较的意思。【答案】9.better10.She believes that we have all become world citizens, due to technological advances like internet and airplanes. And I couldnt agree _.【解析】句意：她认为，我们都因为网络和飞机这些科技的进步而成为地球村的一员，我完全赞同。形容词的比较级与否定词连用，表达的是最高级的意思，I couldnt agree more 意为“我完全赞同”。【答案】10.more11.We
18、can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a _ polluted world.【解析】句意：除非我们创造出一个少些污染的世界，否则我们永远都不可能指望有一片更蓝的天空。过去分词polluted充当形容词，修饰world，意为“被污染的”。从句意可知，应用less。【答案】11.less12.My brother was still studying late into the night while I was _ asleep.【解析】句意：我哥哥深夜时还在学习而我却睡着了。be/fall sound/fast asleep 意为“安然入睡
19、，酣睡中”；sound可用作副词修饰形容词asleep; soundly也是副词，是修饰动词的，如：He was sleeping soundly。【答案】12.sound/fast13.As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _(alternation) energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.【解析】句意：因为煤和石油越来越少，科学家正在探索利用替代能源的新方法，例如通过
20、阳光、风力和水力产电产能。alternative 有“可选择的，可替代的”之意。【答案】13.alternative14.Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be _ (access) to the kids.【解析】句意：法兰克把药放在上面的抽屉里，以确保孩子们拿不到药。sth. be accessible to sb.意为“能被拿到”。【答案】14.accessible15.How much _ (good) she looks without her glasses! She is gorg
21、eous now.【解析】句意：她不戴眼镜看起来好太多了！她现在真漂亮。根据后句，空白处应填表示“好”的比较级。【答案】15.better16.The incomes of skilled workers went up. Meanwhile, _(skill) workers saw their earnings fall.【解析】句意：技术工人的收入上升了，同时，非技术工人的收入下降了。unskilled与skilled形成一对反义词。【答案】16.unskilled17.Im sure that your letter will get _ (immediately) attention
22、. They know youre waiting for the reply.【解析】句意：我确信你的信将马上得到关注。他们知道你正等着回复。根据后句可知，前文应该表示“信马上会得到处理”，故用immediate修饰attention。【答案】17.immediate18.Its high time you had your hair cut; its getting much _ long.【解析】句意：你该剪头发了。你头发太长了。much too修饰形容词，表示“非常，太”。【答案】18.too19.Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more
23、 _ (sense) to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems.【解析】句意：跟他的姐姐相比，杰瑞对情感和关系问题更敏感，更容易受其困扰。根据“more easily troubled by”以及介词to，此处应用be sensitive to这个短语。【答案】19.sensitive20.My brother is really _ (diligence). He often works in his office far into the night.【解析】句意：我的哥哥工作勤奋。他常常在办公
24、室工作到深夜。 形容词作表语，故用diligent。【答案】20.diligent21.I can _ be a teacher. Im not a very patient person.【解析】句意：我永远不会当老师。我不是一个非常耐心的人。根据句意，应填副词never/not，表否定意义。【答案】21.never/not22.My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice _ expensive.【解析】句意：我叔叔在市中心的房子比我们的小很多，但是是我们的两倍贵。考查倍数的表
25、示方法。该题采用了“倍数+as+adj./adv.+as”这一结构。【答案】22.as23.The children loved their day trip, and among all the activities, they enjoyed the horse ride _.【解析】句意：那些孩子们喜欢他们的短途旅行。在所有项目中，他们最喜欢骑马。根据句意，此处应该用most修饰enjoy，表示最喜欢。【答案】23.most24.The weather was _ cold that I didnt like to leave my room.【解析】句意：天气太冷了以致于我不愿意离开我
26、的房间。考查so+adj.+that结构。【答案】24.so25.Tom does very well in computer study and much to my joy, Jane does no _ (bad) than Tom.【解析】句意：汤姆在计算机研究方面做得很好,使我高兴的是,简并不比汤姆差。从后文的than可判断应用比较级。【答案】 25.worse26.Jack is late again. It is _ (type) of him to keep others waiting.【解析】句意：杰克又迟到了。让别人等是他一贯的作风。It is typical of sb
27、. to do sth.意为“某人一贯”。【答案】 26.typical27.As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only _ (occasion).【解析】句意：因为他在一个边远的地区工作，所以他只能偶尔回去看望他的父母。occasionally adv.偶尔地。【答案】 7.occasionally28. Last night Mr.Crook didnt come back at the usual time. _, he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.【解
28、析】句意：昨天晚上库鲁克先生没有按往常的时间回来，而是见了几个朋友，在外面呆到半夜。instead意为“相反地；反而”。【答案】28.Instead29.He doesnt have _ furniture in his roomjust an old desk.【解析】句意：他房间里没有什么家具只有一张旧桌子。furniture为不可数名词，故用much修饰。【答案】29.much30.Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was _ able to make a phone call.【解析】句意：尽管在事故中受重伤，但司机还能打电
29、话。althoughyet/still用以表达“尽管，但还是”。 【答案】30.still.单句改错单句改错1.Pure love and suspicion cannot dwell together: at the door where the later enters, the former makes its exit.【解析】句意：真爱和猜疑不可能共存；当后者进门时，前者就会离开。根据句意，应是前者和后者的对比，前者是the former，后者是the latter。 【答案】1.laterlatter2.High technology has been used in teachi
30、ng. As a result, not only was teachers energy saved, but students became most interested in the lessons. 【解析】句意：高科技已被用于教学。因此, 不仅教师的精力得到了节省，而且学生也对课程更感兴趣了。这里应是学生的现在和过去相比，应是比较级。【答案】2.mostmore3.His health is improving day by day. It is quite apparently that the medicine has a good effect on his disease.
31、【解析】句意：他的健康正在逐日改善，很明显这种药对他的病有良好的效果。句中it 是形式主语，应用apparent 作表语。【答案】3.apparentlyapparent4.She didnt allow the accident to discourage her. On the contrary, she began to work twice as hardly. 【解析】句意：她不允许这次事故阻止她。相反,她开始加倍努力地工作。hardly 意为“几乎不”，是具有否定意义的词，“努力地”，应是hard。【答案】4.hardlyhard5.Schools across China are
32、 expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times of the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressure.【解析】句意：中国各地的一些学校预计今年将招聘50 000名大学毕业生做短期老师,这是去年雇佣数量的三倍,以帮助减少失业压力。表达比较级的形式之一是：倍数词+the+名词（+of）,这里可以看作是three times the number of teachers tha
33、t were hired last year的省略。【答案】5.three times of6.You seem to be burning yourself out with so much work!Exact. Im dying for a thorough rest and a good workout.【解析】句意：你似乎在拼命啦？做如此多的工作! 没错。我渴望彻底的休息和好好的锻炼。作评注性的状语时，应用副词。【答案】6.ExactExactly7.Mary was only too ready to help others, seldom, if any, refusing th
34、em when they turned to her.【解析】句意：玛丽非常乐于助人, 当别人向她求助时，如果有的话,她很少拒绝他们。if ever表示一种假设，意为“如果曾经有过”。【答案】7.anyever8.There are a few things more important to society than educating children and providing healthcare to families.【解析】句意：很少有事情比教育孩子，为家庭提供医疗保健对社会更重要的了。few具有否定意义；而a few有肯定色彩。【答案】8.a few9.Judging from
35、 what has happened here, its high time that we should take effectively measures to prevent this.【解析】句意：从已经发生的事情来看,是到了我们应该采取有效措施来防止这种情况的时候了。effectively是副词，修饰名词应用形容词。【答案】9.effectivelyeffective10.The manager called upon his employees to improve their service. As a result, the supermarket attracted twic
36、e as many as customers in 2015 as the year before.【解析】句意：经理要求他的员工改善他们的服务质量。结果，超市在2015年吸引的客户是前一年的两倍多。as是多余的，many是形容词，修饰的是名词customers。【答案】10.as customers11.It seems that green living is surprising easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference.【解析】形容词easy, affordable应该用副词来修饰，故应用surprisingly。
37、【答案】11.surprisingsurprisingly12.Bob isnt feeling very well. He has caught a cold.Everyone seems to have one because of the suddenly change of the weather.【解析】句意：鲍勃感觉不是很好，他已经感冒了。因为天气的突然变化似乎每个人都在感冒。句中change是名词，用形容词修饰。sudden是形容词，而suddenly是副词。【答案】12.suddenlysudden13.After the long journey, the three of
38、them went back home, hungry and tiredly.【解析】由句式结构看， and前后的词性应该一致，且英语中形容词或形容词短语可作为状语使用，表示主语的状态。【答案】13.tiredlytired14.I havent seen Ann for such long that Ive forgotten what she looks like.【解析】此处考查sothat结构，so修饰副词long。【答案】 14.suchso 15.A cough is usually nothing to worry about unless it lasts for ten d
39、ays or less.【解析】句意：只要不持续10天或更长，通常咳嗽是没有什么可担心的。【答案】15.lessmore16.Running a company is not simple a matter of hiring peoplethey also need to be trained.【解析】 simply为副词，修饰整个句子，意为“不仅仅”。【答案】16.simplesimply17.It looks like the weather is changing for the worst. Shall we stick to our plan?【解析】 change for the
40、 worse变坏，恶化，是固定短语。【答案】17.worstworse18.Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his well-known one.【解析】因提到在他所写的所有歌曲中，这首可能是最好的，因此此处应用最高级。【答案】18.well knownbest known19.Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, so creating a stable environm
41、ent.【解析】 so表示“因此”时，是个连词，但是creating a stable environment并非一个从句，因此用副词thus或者therefore表示因果关系。【答案】19.sothus/therefore20.There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is much wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.”【解析】本句对前后两句谚语进行比较，得出后一句谚语更有智慧的结论。事实上第二句是一个省略的比较结构，完整的句子为：But there is more wis
42、dom in this than that。【答案】20.muchmore21.Of the two coats, Id choose the cheapest one to spare some money for a book.【解析】根据to spare some money for a book可知，我想选便宜点的，且在两件大衣中选择，因此应用比较级。【答案】21.cheapestcheaper22.Do you need any help, Lucy?Yes. The job is no more than I could do myself.【解析】本题考查形容词比较级的用法。mo
43、re than多于，超过；no more than只不过。more than后接带有情态动词的从句，指“（某事）超出了的范围”。【答案】22.no more than23.How did you find your trip to Happy Valley Amusement Park?I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was so far more interesting than I expected.【解析】句意：你觉得你的欢乐谷游乐园之行怎么样？非常喜欢,那远比我想象的更有趣。比较级前面可用far来加强语气，但far前不可再用so来修饰。【答案】23.so far
44、24.I hear quite a lot boys in your school like playing football in their spare time， though others prefer basketball.【解析】 quite a few+n.c表示“许多”。a lot/bit+of+n.表示“很多”。【答案】24.lotfew/lot of boys25.Did you enjoy yourself at the party?Yes, Ive never been to a most exciting one before.【解析】考查形容词的比较级。比较级用于否
45、定句中表示最高级的意义。句意：我以前从未参加过比这个更激动人心的晚会。【答案】25.mostmore26.What impresses you most about your hometown?The street, the length of which is four times that it was eight years ago.【解析】句意：你的家乡给你印象最深的是什么？大街啊，其长度是八年前的四倍。what引导的是一个表语从句，其意相当于the length that/which;而that可以用作指示代词，后跟of引起的短语。如：The length of the street
46、 here is four times that of our hometown。【答案】26.times后的thatwhat27.After two years research, we now have a very better understanding of the disease.【解析】 very不能修饰比较级。【答案】 27.a very better/veryfar/much28.The final score of the basketball match was 9394. We were only slightly beaten.【解析】 slightly稍微；narr
47、owly勉强地，险些。句意：我们险些被打败。故用narrowly。【答案】28.slightlynarrowly29.Its hard for him playing against me. Ive got nothing to play for, but for him, he needs to win so bad.【解析】句意：他非常想赢。badly意为“非常，极度”。【答案】 29.badbadly30.Greg got married lately in life. He didnt want to settle down before he met Marry.【解析】 late in life意为“（与别人比）较晚的时候”，为固定用法。lately是“最近，近来”的意思。【答案】30.latelylate
