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1、15主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致谓语动词的数必须和主语谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致的人称和数一致, ,这就叫主这就叫主谓一致谓一致. .I am a teacher She often does her homework in the morning. There is only one box on the table.There are 50 students in our class. 但是如果主语不是单一的，但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致（从前原则）意义一一致（从前原则）意义一致就近原
2、则致就近原则一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式，语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式，语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。复数形式。E g: E g: （1 1）The The number number of errors of errors was was surprising.surprising.错误之多是惊人的错误之多是惊人的（2 2） WeWe love love our motherlandour motherland .二、二、 意义一致原则意义一致原则主、谓语的一致不是根据其外
3、部语法形态来决定，主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式，主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为复数形式，主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。E gE g（1 1）The The crowd crowd werewere fighting for their fighting for their lives.lives. 这些人正为生存而战斗。这些人正为生存而战斗。
4、 （2 2）Three years in a strange landThree years in a strange land seems like a long time .seems like a long time . 在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。三、就近原则三、就近原则谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。的形式。 E g(1) Not only his children but also he himself wants to
5、 go there . (2) Either my wife or I am going to work there .就近原则的使用情况：就近原则的使用情况：当作主语的两个名词或代词由当作主语的两个名词或代词由or ,eitheror ,eitheror or ,neither,neithernor, whethernor, whetheroror.not only not only but but alsoalso，notnotbutbut连接时连接时; ;在在there bethere be./here ./here bebe句型中句型中(1)There _a lamp, two pen
6、s and three books on the desk.(2)Here _some envelopes and paper for you.(3)Not only his family but also he _ (喜欢）喜欢）Chaplins movies.(4)You or I _ going to receive them this afternoon.isarelikesam5.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A.is B.are C.am D.be
7、6. There _ in this room. a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture7.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.a. is b. are c. has d. was8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.a.attends b.attend c. are attendingd. have attended9._ w
8、as wrong.a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacherc. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher10.He didnt say whether some English novels or an English dictionary _ wanted.A. are B. isC. was D. were 有有together with, with, as well as , but
9、 , except ,besides,rather than, including ,along, along with, like.连连接并列主语时接并列主语时,采取从前原则采取从前原则.1)They, together with Tom , 1)They, together with Tom , _ going to swim this _ going to swim this afternoon .(be)afternoon .(be)2) No one but your parents _ 2) No one but your parents _ there then .(be)the
10、re then .(be)3) He, like you and your brother, _ very clever. (be)4) The teacher, including his students, _going to see Professor Tell. (be)5) Mary, together with his sisters _ gone back.(have)arewasishashas1.An expert, together with some assistants, _ to help in this work.A. was sent B. were sent C
11、. is sending D. are sending2._ either he or I fit for the job? Neither he nor you _.A. Am; are B. Is; are C. Are; are D. Is; is3.Nothing but cars _ in the shop.A. is sold B. are sold C. were soldD. are going to sell4.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A.is offered B.have o
12、ffered C.are offered D.has offered5.Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society _ to alter its attitude to racial problems.a.need b.needs c. has a need d. have a need6.To tell you the truth, I, as well as the other students, _ hungry.A. sure am B. am sure C. sure
13、 are D. are sure由由and and 或或both-andboth-and 连接连接主语，谓语动词用主语，谓语动词用复数复数。1.A poet and a novelist have visited our school.2.Wu Dong and Wu Xi _ twin brother. (be)are1.The singer and the dancer _ come to the meeting.A. has B. have C. areD. is2. The secretary of the Party branch and the director of that f
14、actory often _with the workers.A. works B. workC. is workingD. are working如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人，同一个人，同一事物或同一概念，同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语用单数单数。Eg: 1Eg: 1）The teacher and writer is her friend The teacher and writer is her friend . . 2) Butter and bread is her favorite 2) Butter and bread is her favorite f
15、ood. food. 3) A journalist and author _(live)in the house 4) The doctor and professor _ (be) coming at once.livesis1.The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. beB. was C. are D. were2. Wisky and soda _ his favorite drink.a.is b. arec. were d. have been3.Light and he
16、at _often sent out together with heavy smoke. A.is B. was C. are D. being4. _ was wrong.a.Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacherc. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teachereveryand (every); each and (each) ; no and (no) ; many a and (many
17、 a)连连接接两两个个单单数数名名词词作作主主语语时时，谓谓语动词语动词 用单数。用单数。 1.Every desk and every chair _ made of wood. (be)2.Many a boy and girl _made the same mistake. (have)3.No boy and no girl _ (be) in the classroom.4.Many a student _ (like) pop songs.ishasislikes1.Each man and woman _ the same rights.a.has b. have c. had
18、d. is having2. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.a. have realizedb. has realized c. have been realizedd. has been realized3.No chair and no desk _ permitted to be taken away from the reading room.A.are B. wereC. isD. be4.Many a father _learnt to his sorrow what it is to
19、have a son who tells lies.A. have B. isC. are D. has5.Every man, woman and child _ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.a.knows b. know c. is known d. are knownsome (of), plenty of, a lot of ,most (of), the some (of), plenty of, a lot of ,most (of), the rest of ,all (of), half (of)
20、, part (of), rest of ,all (of), half (of), part (of), the majority of,分数或百分数分数或百分数分数或百分数分数或百分数+of +of +名词名词名词名词等短语作主语等短语作主语等短语作主语等短语作主语时，谓语动词与时，谓语动词与时，谓语动词与时，谓语动词与of of 后的名词或则和其替代的名词保后的名词或则和其替代的名词保后的名词或则和其替代的名词保后的名词或则和其替代的名词保持数的一致。持数的一致。持数的一致。持数的一致。1)A lot of students _ 1)A lot of students _ waiting
21、 outside .(be)waiting outside .(be)2)More than 70 percent of the 2)More than 70 percent of the surface _(be) covered by surface _(be) covered by water .water .3)The rest of the money _ 3)The rest of the money _ (belong) to you .(belong) to you .are/wereare/wereisbelongsbelongs1._ of the land in that
22、 district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth , is B.Two fifth ,areC.Two fifths , is D.Two fifths , are2. I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _more difficult.A.isB.are C.was D.were 3.Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank.a.has been kept b. is being kept c. have keptd. have
23、 been kept4. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.a.is b. arec. were d. be5.The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health.a.are believedb. had believed c. has believed d. believe6. Three-fourths of the buildings _.a.was destroyed b. is destroyedc. were destroyed d. has been destroyed
24、none 有时作单数看待，有时作复数有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。 eg.None of the books are easy enough for us. None of us has a camera. None of the money is paid to me.one/every one / each/ either/ neither/the other/another anybody/ anyone/ anything/ somebody/ someone/something/ everybody/everyone/eve
25、rything/nobody/ no one/ nothing/ the number+of +复数名词作主语或是独复数名词作主语或是独立充当主语时，谓语动词用单数立充当主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each of the students has a book. Neither of them has told me.Either of the answers is right.1.They each _ a new dictionary.A.has B.have C.isD.are2.Each of you _ responsible for the accident.a. am b. be
26、c. is d. are 3.Each of the students in our class _great interest in English and they each _ a copy of New English-Chinese Dictionary.A.shows；haveB.have；hasC.is；have D.takes；has4.The two sisters are forced to play the piano. In fact，neither of them _ to play it.A.likeB.likedC.likesD.liking5.Nobody bu
27、t his family _the secret.A.know B. are known C. have known D. knewone and a half做主做主语时，谓语动词用做语时，谓语动词用做单数。单数。One and a half years has passed.One and a half apples has rotted away.more 复数名词复数名词 than one 和和 more than one 单数名词的意单数名词的意义相同，均表示义相同，均表示“不只一个不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。more than + 两个以
28、上的数字两个以上的数字+名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用复数。复数。 More students than one were punished. More than one student was punished. More than two hundred persons are present.More than one was killed in the battle.1. More than one worker _ dismissed.a.have been b. arec. has been d. has2.More than one graduate _
29、 sent to the hardest place since 1979.A.is B. are C. has been D. have been表示表示时间，数目，距离，价格，时间，数目，距离，价格，度量衡度量衡等名词的复数作主语，等名词的复数作主语，并作为整体看待时，谓语动词并作为整体看待时，谓语动词用用单数单数。1)Four hours is enough to do the experiment .1)Four hours is enough to do the experiment .2)Ten dollars is too much to pay for that shirt .
30、2)Ten dollars is too much to pay for that shirt .3)Thirty feet is long enough .3)Thirty feet is long enough .1. “_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?” “I suppose so.”a.Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were2. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.a.are b. has c. is d. were算术中的动词单复数都算术中的动词单复数都可以可以, , 多用
31、单数。多用单数。Two and two makes/make four.Three times three is nine.集合名词集合名词class , family, army, enemy, team , group , government, staff , audience , crowd, public ,committee 等等作主语时，作主语时，若强调整体，谓语用若强调整体，谓语用单数单数，若表示，若表示组成该集体的成员，组成该集体的成员，谓语用谓语用复数复数。Eg:1) Eg:1) bebe My family My family _very large .very larg
32、e . His family _waiting His family _waiting for him .for him . 2) 2) be/havebe/have The class The class _ made up of 54 made up of 54 students .students . All the class All the class _ _gone to gone to the playground .the playground .isare/wereishave1. The committee _ over the problem among themselv
33、es for two hours.a.has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing2.The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.a.is b. was c. are d. has been3. His family _ always quarrelling among _. A.is；itselfB.are；themselvesC.is；themselvesD.are；itself有些名词本身表示复数概念，有
34、些名词本身表示复数概念，其谓语动词用其谓语动词用复数复数形式，如形式，如people, police ,cattle, goods, youth, clothes 等。等。Eg : 1)The police _ after a Eg : 1)The police _ after a thief. thief. 2)Cattle _ on grass . 2)Cattle _ on grass . (feed) (feed) 3)All the goods _ 3)All the goods _ arrived. (have)arrived. (have)arefeedhave1.Cattle
35、_ on the hillside.a.grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing2. The youth of China today _ trying their best to study modern science and technology.A.is B.wasC.wereD.are“定冠词定冠词+adj/分词分词”表示表示一类一类具体的人或物具体的人或物时，谓时，谓语用语用复数复数，若表示某一，若表示某一抽抽象概念象概念，则用，则用单数单数 。1)The old _taken good care of here .(b
36、e)2)The old _(give) place to the new .3) The true _(be)to be distinguished from the false.4) The rich _(be)for the plan, but the poor against it.arearegivesgivesisare1.The wounded _ by the hospital.A.have been taken in B.has been taken inC.have taken inD.has taken in2.In that country, the rich _ ric
37、her, the poor, poorer. a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becomingwhat, who, which, any(of) , more, most, all(of) ,half(of), part (of) 等代词作等代词作主语，谓语可以是单数，也可以主语，谓语可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要看它们指代的是什是复数，主要看它们指代的是什么来决定。么来决定。1 ) Which is your room?2) Which are your rooms?3) All that can be done has been done.
38、4) All of the workers are skilled.5) A man who thinks only himself can never be happy.6) He is not one of those who bow before difficulties.一个不定式，动名词，从句作主一个不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓语要用单数形式。两个语时，谓语要用单数形式。两个或两个以上的不定式，动名词或或两个以上的不定式，动名词或是从句做主语时，谓语用复数。是从句做主语时，谓语用复数。但是如同这两个结构指一个概念，但是如同这两个结构指一个概念，仍然用单数。仍然用单数。Readin
39、g is a good way.To say it is one thing , to do it is another.What he says and what he does do not agree.Early to go to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.1. When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decidedB.are not decidedC.has not decided D.have not decided2.
40、What caused the accident _ on the road.a.were stone b. were stonesc. was stone d. was stones 3.Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems.a.involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命等无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动的集合名词作主语时，
41、谓语动词用单数。词用单数。Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 在定语从句中，谓语动词在定语从句中，谓语动词总是与先行词保持一致。总是与先行词保持一致。1、He is one of the students who are modest.2、He is the only one of the students who is modest.3、All those who want to go on a journey ,please sign your names here.在倒装句中，谓语动词往往与在倒装句中，谓语动词往往与其后的第一个主
42、语取得一致。其后的第一个主语取得一致。也就是说，倒装句要采用就近也就是说，倒装句要采用就近原则。原则。Where is your mother and your sisters?In the room was found a hat, a few suits of clothes and some shoes and socks.1.Between the two rows of trees _ a teaching building and two dormitores.A.stand B.stands C.standing D.are2. On the wall _two large po
43、rtraits of his parents.A. hangs B.hanged C. hanging D.hang3.Growing around the lake _ wild flowers of different colors.A.isB. are C. hasD. have一个肯定的主语和一个否定一个肯定的主语和一个否定的主语，同时并用，谓语的的主语，同时并用，谓语的数往往依肯定的主语而定。数往往依肯定的主语而定。You, not I, are to be praised. I ,not you, am be blame.以以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机
44、构、书籍、报刊等国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语，谓语用单数。名称作主语，谓语用单数。Maths is a useful subject.His “Selected Poems” _first published in 1970.A. was B. were C. had beenD. have been1.The Philippines _ to the south-east of China.a. lies b. lie c. lay d. lays2. Mathematics _ the language of science.a.is b. has been c. are d. ha
45、ve been由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等动会等s 结尾的专有名词作结尾的专有名词作主语谓语用复数。主语谓语用复数。The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 表示成双成套的名词，如：表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers, shorts, shoes ,socks, scissors, glasses, compasses,等做等做主语时，谓语动词用复数。主语时，谓语动词用复数。Toms trousers are too long.Your glasses are on your nose.There is a
46、pair of shoes under the bed.The pairs of shoes have worn out.Where_my scissors?_ right on the desk.A.are; ItsB.is; ItsC.are; They areD.is; They are1._ this pair of trousers fit him well?A.AreB. Is C. DoD. Does2. Strangely enough，a pair of new trousers _among the rubbish.A.were found B. was foundC.fo
47、und D. had found(1)A cart and a horse in the distance (2)A cart and horse in the distance Awas seen Bwere seenCSeeDseesBA2.The factory, including its machines and buildings, burnt last nightAis Bare Cwere Dwas 3.(1) The students in our school each an English dictionary (2) Each of the students in ou
48、r school an English dictionary Aare having Bhad Chas Dhave DC4.(1)Many students that mistake before (2)Many a student that mistake before Ahad made Bhas been made Chave made Dhas made CD5. I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows Awas Bare Cis Dam6All but him and me to the cinema Aa
49、re going Bis goingCwas going Dhas going 7Some person calling for you at the gate Awill be Bis being Cis Dare 8The population of China larger than that of the USA Awill be Bare Cis Dwas9Deer faster than dogs Awill run Bare running Cruns Drun10Every means tried, but there is no resultAhave been Bhas b
50、een Cwill be Dwere 11This pair of trousers my sisterMy trousers Ais belong to; is being washed Bbelongs to; are being washedCbelong to; are being washed Dare belonging to; has been washed13.To play basketball and to go swimming useful for character-training Awas Bis Care Dwere14What I want an intere
51、sting book while what he wants two cups of coffeeAis; are Bare; is Bis; is Dare; are 15. Most of the artists will go to the United States next week. The rest _ to visit Japan.A. has B. have C. are D. is16. _your clothes? No, mine _ hanging over there. A. Is it; is B. Are there; are C. Is it; are D.
52、are these; is17. Large quantities of fruit _ all over the world from China today.A.is shipped B. are shipped C. has shipped D. have shipped18. All possible means _to save the wounded soldier.A.has been tried B. have been tried C. is to be tried D. are trying19. Sixty percent of the milk _ horrible.A
53、. tasted B. taste C. was tasted D. were tasted20. One thousand dollars _ a large sum of money in her eye.A. are B. is C. should be D. seem to be21. It _ William and Carol who helped me the other day.A. has been B. are C. was D. were22. Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted studen
54、ts at the meeting.A. is not decided B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out23. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.a.are b. has c. is d. were24. All that can be done _.a.has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done25. One or perhaps more pages _.a.is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missing
