《英语不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词（122页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、非谓语动词 语法讲解非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 动名词动名词Participle 分词分词Structure : to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative (否定否定): not to doPassive voice:(1). 主语主语 Subject不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.It is + a pleasure
2、/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.is important to get enough sleep at night1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke. 2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习1(2). 表语表语 PredicativeMy jobisYour task _(努力
3、学习努力学习).is to study hardTo see is to believe.to teach you English.These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3) 宾语宾语 Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.+ to dolike to domanage to dothink considerfind make feel形式宾语形式宾语4.我希望很快收到你
4、的信。I hope to hear from you soon.5.我决定不留下来。I decided not to stay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Students thought_.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + adj.+ to do 巩固练习2The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 宾补宾补 Complement五看五看 watch see l
5、ook at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feel当遇到下列动词时当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略不定式省略to: allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等等. 医生建议他去南方医生建议他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.+ + sb to doI made him do his work.He _by me.See sb
6、do sth -sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.A.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen改错: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work(5). 定语定语 Attributive (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)He is looking for_.（一间可以住的房子）There is nothing
7、_.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during the journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics
8、2008.（没有什么可担心的没有什么可担心的）a room to live inI came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语 Adverbialin order to , so as to ,1.1.表目的表目的2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表结果表结果This room is big enough to hold us.enoughto, tooto, only to, etc.He lifted a rock only to drop i
9、t on his own feet.1._ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21题巩固练习2翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。In 1935 he left home never to return.1.作主语作主语2.作表语作表语3.作宾语作宾语4.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语5.作定语作定语6.作状语作状语在句中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行
10、式Tense and Voice （时态与语态） to be doing to have done to have been done - to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/ /发生在它之后发生在它之后.).)( (在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行) )( (
11、完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )1.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told巩固练习33. Charles Babbage is ge
12、nerally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weavewho, which, when, how, what,whom,whether who, which, when, h
13、ow, what,whom,whether 等连用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。我不知道是否要接受邀请。我不知道是否要接受邀请。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语主语)如何解决这个问题很重要如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is when to start.( (表语表语) )不定式与疑问词连用
14、不定式与疑问词连用:关于省略关于省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? (2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? A. Id like to B.Id like to go Yes, _.A.Id like to be. B. Id like to.Yes,_.1. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no
15、use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to巩固练习4不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如如果这些介词前有行为动词果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式的各种形式,那么那么介词后的不定式不带介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带相反则带to.v(1
16、). She could do nothing but _ .(cry)v(2). I have no choice but_. (go)v(3).What do you like _ besides_ . (do, sleep)cryto goto dosleep (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health. to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We fin
17、d it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_once more.5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so.to have told 1. (MET92 14) -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to
18、go C. to try and go D. try going2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (MET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding4. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 3
19、. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海上海14) A.to pursue B. persuading B.C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 5. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study B.C. to be studying D. to have bee
20、n studying6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make B.C. not making D. dont make7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen B.C. seeing D. see8. The mot
21、her didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A.learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning10.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to
22、turn it off D. having turned it off11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects13
23、. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not makeC. not making D. not to makeAssignment:1.Review what we have learned about infinitive.2.Do all the exercise in the paper.不定式作定语时，
24、应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：v(1)动宾关系动宾关系 vI have a lot of work to do. v(2)主谓关系主谓关系 vHe is always the first to come. v(3)同位关系同位关系vWe all have a chance to go to college.固定句型固定句型:vhad better+ (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事vWhy (not)
25、do sth.?vprefer to do/prefer doingvprefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing Bvprefer + to do A rather than (to) do Bvwould rather (not) do sth.vwould rather do A than (do) Bvwould rather + 句子（过去式）句子（过去式）v （虚拟语气）（虚拟语气） 要做要做注意以下几种情况不定式的用法注意以下几种情况不定式的用法v*在在the first, the second，the last和和only之后，只能用之后，只能用to d
26、o。如：Hewasthelasttoleavetheclassroomv*如果如果understand，realize, know用在用在begin, start, attempt, intend后，只能用后，只能用to do。如：Ibegantounderstandthetruthv*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用而用in order not to do或或so as not to do。如：()In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window()Not
27、tobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seenv*so as to do一般不放在句首。一般不放在句首。()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus(X)Soastocatchtheearlybus，hegotupatfivethismorning1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor he
28、alth.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for
29、 him without delay.A.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.A.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off7.-How d
30、o you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.A.school to study in B. schoo
31、l for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B. tried to B.C. managed to D. plannedC.10.We find it impossible for the work _D. ahead of time.E.to finish B. finishing F.C. being finished D. to be finishedG.11.-I usually go to
32、 Shanghai by train.H. -Why not _ there by boat for a I. change?J.to try to go B. try going K.C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeB.C. Making D. To have madeC.13. I would rather starve to death than _D. for food.E.beg B. begging C. begg
33、ed D. to begF.14.The boy pretended _ when his motherG. entered.H.reading B. to read I.C. to be reading D. being read1.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyB.C.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.A.
34、notmakeB.nottomakeB.C.notmakingD.dontmake3.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectB.C.tobeexpectingD.expects4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenB.C.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanth
35、egovernmentknows_.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitB.C.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidntknow_toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why7.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning8.Weagreed_herebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.
36、A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto10.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A
37、.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented13.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.Slee
38、pD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakev1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.v2.Iwanttoseeyou.v3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.v4.Myhopeistoseeyou.v5.Heisthemantoseeyou.v6.Imgladtoseeyou.v7.Iwenttoseeyou.v8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyouv9.Totellyouthetruth,Idontagreewithyo
39、u.v10.Howtosolvethisproblemisveryimportant.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）独立成分独立成分和疑问词连用和疑问词连用非谓语动词 语法讲解非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 动名词动名词 Participle 分词分词Sentencestructurev主谓宾来定状补，谓前状谓后补。v定语置于主宾前，六大成分分清楚。主主宾宾状状定定谓谓补补定定Gerund 动名词动名词一一. S
40、tructure： doing Negative： not doing二二. 时态和语态时态和语态主动语态被动语态ing 一般式一般式完成式完成式makinghaving made(不作定语）不作定语）being madehaving been made(不作定语不作定语三三.在句中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作定语作定语4.作表语作表语Collecting information is very important to business.1.作主语作主语:Seeing is believing.e.g. -Whatmadehimsounhappy?-_t
41、heticketforthefootballmatch.A.HavingbeenlostB.LostC.BecauseoflosingD.LosingKey:_DLosing the ticket for the football matchmadehimsounhappyv对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。vCryingoverthespiltmilkisnouse.vItisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.v类似的还有：v1.Itisnouse/gooddoing.v2.Itisnotanyuse/gooddoing.v3.Itisworthwhiledoing.v4.I
42、tishardlyworthdoing.v5.Thereisnodoing(saying/telling).v6.Itsawasteoftimedoing.动名词作主语的形式主语句型动名词作主语的形式主语句型veg.Itsnogoodtellingherallthetruth.vItsnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.vThereisnotalkingwhatwillhappen.vItsawasteoftimearguingaboutit.vItisworthwhiletryingthisexperiment.I enjoy learning English.How a
43、bout meeting outside the theatre?2.作宾语作宾语: Vt. Prep.+doing下列动词通常用下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语：vadmit, appreciate, deny, resist, stand, imagine, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, cant help, 等。等。如:1）你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?2）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时
44、的钢琴.Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday3）Goodnewskeepscoming.助忆小文不可否认（deny），已不能在逃避（escape)了；可以想象(imagine)，要放弃(giveup)需要(require)多大的勇气。不断地被建议(suggest)停止拖延(delay)下去；可仍避免(avoid)不了想继续(keepon)，总禁不住(canthelp)想念(miss)一直以来的日子。推迟(putoff)，再推迟(postpone)，考虑(consider)再三；最终，还是结束(finish)了。
45、不管是选择对未来的冒险(risk)，还是对过去的原谅(excuse)；都已不必介怀(mind)。我相信，只要不断接受锻炼(practice)，终将享受(enjoy)生活的美好。 下列下列V.+prep.通常用通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语,尤其注意介词尤其注意介词tove.g.insiston,preventfrom,dependon,feellike,befondof,succeedin,beproudof,excusefor,apologizefor,vlookforwardto,objectto,get/beusedto,beopposedto,addto,leadto,payatte
46、ntionto,stickto,devoteoneselfto,getdownto Prep. 后通常用后通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语.ve.g.vTheboystoodstillwithout_(dare)toraisehisheadbecauseof_(break)avase.daringhavingbrokentodo和doing的区别:remembertodorememberdoingforgettodoforgetdoingstoptodostopdoinggoontodo继续作另一件事goondoing继续作同一件事trytodotrydoingregrettodoregret
47、doingmeantodomeandoingpropose to do sth. 想要做某事想要做某事propose doing sth. 建议作某事建议作某事3)stopdoing停止停止做某事做某事stoptodo停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事请不要抽烟请不要抽烟Stopsmoking,please.咱们停下来休息一下吧。咱们停下来休息一下吧。Letsstoptohavearest.4)meantodo打算做某事打算做某事meandoing意味着意味着Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.Thismeanswastingalotofmo
48、ney.我打算赶上早班车我打算赶上早班车.这意味着花很多钱这意味着花很多钱.5)trytodo设法尽力做某事设法尽力做某事trydoing试着做某事试着做某事Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.你设法尽力克服你的缺点你设法尽力克服你的缺点.Tryworkingoutthephysicsprobleminanotherway.试着用另一种方法去计算这物理难题试着用另一种方法去计算这物理难题.6)regrettodo对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾 regretdoing对已做过的事表示后悔对已做过的事表示后悔我后悔花了那么多钱.我很遗憾地
49、吿诉你,你高考失败了.I regret spending so much money.I regret to tell you have failed the college entrance exam.7.consider to do sth. 认为认为 consider doing sth. 考虑考虑做某事做某事 I consider him to be my best friend. 我认为他是我最好的朋友。我认为他是我最好的朋友。 I am considering having my house rebuilt. 我在考虑请人重修我的房子。我在考虑请人重修我的房子。8.be afrai
50、d of doing sth. 担心担心做某事做某事 be afraid to do sth. 害怕，不敢害怕，不敢做某事做某事三.注意注意: 动词动词permit, allow, admit, forbid, advise, imagine, consider +doing permit, allow, admit, forbid, advise, imagine, consider +sb.+todo eg. We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. Yousurelycantconsiderhimtobeas
51、elfishman v四.need, require, want + doing (主动形式表被动意义)v to be donev eg. The window needs/ requires/ wants cleaning.v to be cleaned.vThe book is worth reading a second time. =The book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.v五.love, like, prefer, hate, + doing 表示一般倾向性.v to do表示一次具体动作veg. I lik
52、e chatting on the Internet.v I like to go to the cinema tonight.be worth, deserve七. begin, start, continue + doing / to do 区别不大. 如果谈论一项长期的或习惯的动作,常用doing. eg. She starts making preparations at eight every day. I was beginning to get worried. She began to understand what they really wanted. The meat b
53、egan to give off a bad smell.八. Should / would like / love + to do eg.The little child would love to be taken to the zoo. 3.作表语作表语vMyhobbyiscollectingstampsandfishing.vHisjobisteaching.Whatsthedifferencebetweenthem?Im fishing.My hobby is fishing.动名词动名词现在分词现在分词4.作定语作定语:vawalking stickvAswimmingpoolvA
54、sleepingcar区别区别Thewalking manTheswimminggirlThesleeping boy动名词修饰名词表动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能、用示名词的功能、用途途和名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系和名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系现在分词修饰名词表现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态示该名词所处的状态（本身的动作、行为）和名词之间有（本身的动作、行为）和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系逻辑上的主谓关系Gerund的复合结构（逻辑主语）的复合结构（逻辑主语）:vGerund的逻辑主语通常为谓语动词的主语，也可以有自己的的逻辑主语通常为谓语动词的主语，也可以有自己的逻辑主语逻辑主语；其表
55、现形式为；其表现形式为“物物主代词（或名词所有格）主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词，动名词， 从而构成动名词的复合从而构成动名词的复合结构。结构。vTom insisted on my coming to the party.vDo you object to Li Pings joining the physics group?.v我几乎无法想象我几乎无法想象peter在五天内横渡大西洋在五天内横渡大西洋.vIcanhardlyimagine Peter sailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.注注：如如果果不不是是在在句句子子的的开开头头，这这个个结
56、结构构常常用用名名词词的的普普通通格格或或人人称称代代词宾格，如：词宾格，如：Idontliketheideaofus/ournothelpingatall.IdontmindJanebuyinganotherone.注注：如如果果动动名名词词的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是表表示示无无生生命命的的东东西西的的名名词词，或或不不定定代代词，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如：词，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如：Isthereanyhopeofyour teamwinningthematch?Theboywasalarmedbysomeoneknockingatthedoor.动名词的复合结构有下列用法
57、：动名词的复合结构有下列用法：动名词的复合结构有下列用法：动名词的复合结构有下列用法：作主语：作主语：TheircomingtohelpTheircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Nothingisworsethanourbowingbeforedifficultiesourbowingbeforedifficulties.LaoLisLaoLis(not:Li)goinggoingwontbeofmuchhelp.作表语：作表语：Oursoleworryisyourrelyingtoomuchonyourselfyourrelyingtoomuch
58、onyourself.Whatstroublingthemistheirnothavingenoughmachinetoolstheirnothavingenoughmachinetools.作宾语：作宾语：Doyoumindmyreadingyourpapermyreadingyourpaper?Pleaseexcusemyinterruptingyoumyinterruptingyou.作介词宾语：作介词宾语：Theyinsistedonmystayingthereforsuppermystayingthereforsupper.Doyouthinktherewillbeanychance
59、ofmyseeinghimagainmyseeinghimagain?动名词的完成形式与被动形式动名词的完成形式与被动形式动动名名词词的的一一般般形形式式通通常常表表示示一一般般性性动动作作（即即不不是是明明确确地地在在过过去去、现现在在或或将将来来发发生生的的动动作作）或或是是与与谓谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作，如：语所表示的动作同时发生的动作，如：Theyareallinterestedinclimbingmountains.Hetookagreatdelightinhelpingothers.vv 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动如果
60、要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式，作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式，作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式，作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式，如：如：vHe didnt mention having met me.vI regret not having taken her advice.vI dont remember having ever promised you that.vv注：注：注：注：在某些动词之后（或在成语中）常用（或可以在某些动词之后（或在成语中）常用（或可以用）动名词的一般形式表示在谓语动作
61、之前发生的用）动名词的一般形式表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，如：动作，如：vExcuse me for coming late.vI dont remember ever seeing him anywhere. 当当当当一一一一个个个个动动动动名名名名词词词词逻逻逻逻辑辑辑辑上上上上的的的的主主主主语语语语所所所所表表表表示示示示的的的的是是是是这这这这动动动动作作作作的的的的承承承承受受受受者者者者时时时时，这这这这个个个个动名词一般要用被动形式，动名词一般要用被动形式，动名词一般要用被动形式，动名词一般要用被动形式，如：如：Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettle
62、dbeingsettled.Hediditwithoutbeingaskedbeingasked.Theyinsistedontheirbeingtreatedasordinaryworkerstheirbeingtreatedasordinaryworkers.Hedidntmindbeingleftathomebeingleftathome.Theycouldntstandbeingtreatedlikethat.注注注注：如如果果表表示示的的动动作作在在谓谓语语表表示示的的动动作作之之前前发发生生，有有时时需需要要用用动动名名词的完成被动形式，如：词的完成被动形式，如：Idontreme
63、mberhavingeverbeengivenachancetotrythishavingeverbeengivenachancetotrythismethod.method.v1)Markoftenattemptstoescape_wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.A)havingbeenfinedB)tohavebeenfinedC)tobefinedD)beingfinedv2)Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate_fromyousometime.A)tohaveheardB)tohearC)forhe
64、aringD)hearingv3)Thethieftookawaythewomanswalletwithout_.A)beingseenB)seeingC)himseeingD)seeinghimv4)Peopleappreciate_withimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumor.(CET-41998,1)A)toworkB)tohaveworkedC)workingD)haveworkingv5)Iveenjoyed_totalkwithyou.A)tobeableB)beingableC)tobeenableD)ofbeingablev6)Noonecanavoi
65、d_byadvertisements.A)tobeinfluencedB)beinginfluencedC)influencingD)havinginfluencev7)Theyareconsidering_beforethepricesgoup.A)ofbuyingthehouseB)withbuyingthehouseC)buyingthehouseD)tobuythehousev8)Hethoughtthat_.A)theeffortdoingthejobwasnotworthB)theeffortwasnotworthindoingthejobC)itwasnotworththeeff
66、ortdoingthejobD)itwasnotworththeeffortbydoingthejobv9)IfIhadremembered_thedoor,thethingswouldnothavebeenstolen.A)tolockB)lockingC)tohavelockedD)shavingslockedv10)Youcanthelp_commercials;everyfewminutestheprogramisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertisementoranother.A)tohearB)tobeheardC)hearingD)withhearing
67、v12)Mytransistorradioisntworking.It_.A)needrepairingB)needstorepairC)needsrepairingD)needtoberepairedv13)Itisnouse_menottoworry.A)youtellB)yourtellingC)foryoutohavetoldD)youtoldv14)Heisverybusy_hispapers.Heisfartoobusy_callers.A)towrite.toreceiveB)writing.toreceiveC)writing.receivingD)towrite.forrec
68、eivingv15)Thesuspectatlastadmitted_stolengoodsbutdenied_them.A)receiving.sellingB)toreceive.tosellC)toreceiving.tosellingD)tohavereceived.tohavesoldv16)Sheapologizedfor_tocome.A)hernotbeingableB)herbeingnotableC)notbeingableD)thatshesnotabletov17)Ireallyappreciate_tohelpme,butIamsurethatIcanmanageby
69、myself.A)youtoofferB)thatyouofferC)yourofferingD)thatyouareofferingv18)Pleasestop_,boys,Ihavesomethingimportantto_you.A)saying.talkB)telling.sayC)talking.speakD)talking.tellv19)Tony,wouldyougoandseeifSamhasanydifficulty_histaperecorder?A)tofixB)fixingC)forfixingD)fixv20)WhyisntNancygoingtomeetus?“-I
70、tsmyfault.Iforgotallabout_her.A)telephoningtoB)totelephoneC)totelephonetoD)thetelephoningto非谓语动词 语法讲解非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 动名词动名词Participle 分词分词-ing 分词分词-ed 分词分词 -ing分词分词(以以make为例为例 )-ed 分词分词主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式Having mademakingbeing madeHaving been mad
71、emadeXXX分词在句中承担的成分分词在句中承担的成分:v由于分词具有由于分词具有形容词性和副词性形容词性和副词性,在句在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和主语和宾语宾语.成份类别主主语语宾语宾语定语定语表语表语补语补语状语状语现在分词过去分词1.作定语作定语-the sun which is rising-ing分词和分词和-ed分词修饰名词有分词修饰名词有前置位前置位&后置位后置位.1. the rising sun2. He is a retired worker.-He is a worker who has already retired.e.g.v3.T
72、heproblembothering usisthelackofmoney.v4.Thesearegoodsimported fromJapan. 前置位前置位:后置位后置位v-Theproblem(whichis)bothering usisthelackofmoneyWhatsthedifferencebetween-edanding participle?-ing分词表示分词表示“进行进行” -ed分词表示分词表示“完成完成”-ing分词表示分词表示“主动主动”-ed分词表示分词表示 “被动被动”主动主动进行进行被动被动完成完成在时态上在时态上:在语态上在语态上:-Thesearegoo
73、ds(whichwere)imported fromJapan.Exercises : vThe_(work)peoplehaveplayedagreatroleintheactivity.vIdontlike_(can)food,Iprefersomethingfresh.workingcannedv1. 站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。看上去很胆小。vThegirl_ byhermother lookedverytimid.v2.最近到处最近到处在议论的话题在议论的话题都与都与2008年奥运会有关。年奥运会有关。vvThetopics_everywherere
74、centlyisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.who was standingstandingbeing discussedwhich are being discussedWhats the difference?1.ThetopicsbeingdiscussedeverywhererecentlyisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.tobediscusseddiscussed进行进行完成完成将来将来2.Thetopics_(discuss)attomorrowsmeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics20
75、08.3.Thetopics_(discuss)atyesterdaysmeetingwasabouttheOlympics2008.巩固练习一巩固练习一v用所给动词的正确形式填空：v1)Theman_(question)inthepolicestationnowisaspyv2)Aman_(respect)otherswillberespectedv3)Halfoftheguests_(invite)totheconferencewereforeigners.v4)Thematter_(discuss)isveryimportantbeing questionedbeing question
76、edrespectingrespectinginvitedinvitedbeing discussedbeing discussedv5.被汽车撞伤的小孩被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。马上被送到了医院。vTheboywassenttothehospitalimmediately.v6.每天给我办公室送邮件的人给我办公室送邮件的人是位退休工人是位退休工人.vThemaneverydayisaretiredworker.injured by the cardelivering mails to my officevTheglassisbroken.vThefoodsmellsinviting.
77、2.作表语作表语vWhathesaidsounds_(convince).vHewas_(interest)inwhathelearnedinCanadaandhethoughteverythinginCanadawas_(interest)convincinginterestedinteresting这道菜香味怡人。这道菜香味怡人。Pleasefillintheblankwiththeverbgiven：使信服v类似情况还有：surprisingsurprised,vexcitingexcited,vtiringtired,vdisappointingdisappointed,vencour
78、agingencouraged，vamazedamazing,vboredboring,vpleasingpleased,vastonishingastonished. v-ed 分词分词vSb. + Link.v + -ed分词分词v-ing分词分词 vSth. + Link.v + -ing分词分词 人的感觉人的感觉事物本身的特点事物本身的特点巩固练习二巩固练习二v用所给动词的-ed或ing形式填空：v1)Thejourneywasquite_(tire)v2)Theresultoftheexammademe_(disappoint)v3)Thiswasreallyan_moment(ex
79、cite)v4)His_looksuggestedthathedidntunderstandit(puzzle)v5)Heseemedquite_attheidea.(delight)v6)Thepresentsituationis_(encourage)tiringtiringdisappointeddisappointedexcitingexcitingpuzzled puzzled delighteddelightedencouragingencouragingvTheycaughthimcheatinginthemid-termexaminationvHewascaughtcheati
80、nginthemid-termvexamination.vYoucantleavetheworkshopwiththemachinerunning.3.作补语作补语1.宾语补足语宾语补足语2.主语补足语主语补足语3.介词宾语补足语介词宾语补足语vFill in the blank:v1.Hewassurprisedtofind hisroomthoroughly_.(clean)v2.LastnightIsawhim_(play)theviolinwithhiseyes_(shut).“被动被动”“主动主动”More exercisescleanedplayingshut“被动被动”vIhea
81、rdmysister_thatsonginEnglishoutside.(sing)Theyonceheardthesong_inEnglish.Motherheardherkid_thedoor.vMotherheardthedoor_.(open)vWiththetest_(finish),webegantoanalyzetheresult.vWe_duringourlastmeeting.我们留下了很多问题没解决.vWouldyoupleasespeakloudersoasto_?A.makeyouhearB.makeyourselfhearC.makeyouheardD.makeyou
82、rselfheardleft a lot of problems unsolvedDsingingsungopeningopened巩固练习三巩固练习三finished分词作状语，分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的等。一般说来，这一结构的逻逻辑主语辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语,而句子本身可与而句子本身可与状语状语从句从句等句型转换。等句型转换。4.作状语作状语v1.Whenweheardthenews,wejumpedwithjoy. v=
83、 Hearing thenews,wejumpedwithjoy.v2.Whenitisheated,themetalexpands.v Heated, themetalexpands.v3.Becausehedidntknowhowtodoit,hewenttohisfatherforhelp.v=Not knowinghowtodoit,hewenttohisfatherforhelp.v4.Astheywere deeply moved, the children began to cry.v=Deeply moved by the story, the children began t
84、o cry. “主动主动”“被动被动”表示表示时间时间表示表示原因原因=v5._(look)outofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach.v=Ifyoulookoutofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach.v6._(keep)inrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.v=If theyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.表示表示条件条件Looking Kept v7.Thechildren
85、rushedout,shoutingandjumping.v8.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,_byherlittledaughter.(follow)v9.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,_herlittledaughter.(follow)v10.(consider)asabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.v=Althoughitisconsideredasabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.ve、表示、表示让步让步表示表示方式和方式和伴随情况伴随情况followedfollowi
86、ngConsidered v11.Thecarwasheldupbythesnowstorm,thus_(cause)thedelay.v12.Theglassfelltotheground,_(break)topieces. 表示结果表示结果分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。e.g.heated,icecanbechangedintowater Whentired,Iwentonwiththework.walkinginthestreet,IsawaroadaccidentWhileThoughcausingbroken1.作作定语定语2.作表语作表
87、语4.作状语作状语3.作补语作补语分分词词分词的时态分词的时态:v-ing/-ed+主句主句（不强调动作先后）（不强调动作先后）;vHavingdonevHavingbeendoneve.g.v1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.v2.Havingbeenusedformanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.More exercises+ 主句主句（强调时间先后）（强调时间先后）v1)Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembers_(inform)ofhowthe
88、negotiationsweregoingonv2)_(be)theremorethanonce,theoldprofessorofferedtoshowusaroundthenewly-builtlibrary.v3)_(invite)togotocamping,Paulorderedanewsleepingbagv4)_(notknow) histelephonenumber,shelosttouchwithhim.informedHaving beenHaving been invitedNot knowingv分词的逻辑主语分词的逻辑主语:v分词的分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语一般为一般为_,
89、但当分词的但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致不一致时，分词时，分词前必须有自己的主语，前必须有自己的主语，e.g.vIfweatherpermits,wewillhaveafieldtrip.vWeatherpermitting,wellhaveafieldtriptomorrowv这被称为这被称为_。v时间允许,我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔.vTimepermitting,wewillvisitmyuncleonmywaytoHangzhou.主句的主语主句的主语分词的独立结构分词的独立结构v*但有些分词作状语属习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主
90、语可以不一致。v如：Judgingfromtheexpressiononhisface,hehadfailedthedrivingtestagainvGenerallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.v类似的还有:vSpeakingofvTalkingofv高考题v1.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.(2004)vA.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmeltv2.Thedisc,digitally_inthest
91、udio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.(2004)vA.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecordedv3.Generallyspeaking,_accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(2003)vA.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetakenBBA4._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.Nothaving
92、received D.HavingnotreceivedC5.Before_,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedtoD.using A6._betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand_themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;givingDHomework:vReviewwhatwehavelearnedaboutp
93、articiplevFinishtheexercisesinthepaper.1._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析“陷入深思陷入深思”有两种表达法，有两种表达法， A. Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought 综合练习综合练习v5)Victorapologizedhis_(notbe)abletoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.v6)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,R
94、ichardJonesreturnedhome,_(exhaust).v7)Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief_(catch).v8)Generally_(speak),When_(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.v9)Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_(play)inmakingtheearthabetterplace_(live).not beingnot beingexhaustedexhauste
95、dbeing caughtbeing caughtspeakingtakento playto playv10)Though_(lack)money,hisparentsmanaged_(send)himtouniversity.v11)-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?v-Thekey_(solve)theproblemis_(meet)thedemand_(make)bythecustomers.v12)Withalotofdifficultproblems_(settle),thenewly-
96、electedpresidentishavingahardtime.v13)_(suffer)suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolate_(clear)uptheriver.v14)Doletyourmother_(know)allthetruth.Sheappears_(tell)everything.lackingto sendto solvingto meetmadeto settleHaving sufferedto clearknowto have been toldv16)Sandycoulddonothingbut_(admit)toh
97、isteacherthathewaswrong.v17)Mr.Reedmadeuphismind_(devote)allhehadto_(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.v18)Onelearnsalanguageby_(make)mistakesand_(correct)them.v19)Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_(expect)inmynewjob.v20)Tonywasveryunhappyfor_(notinvite)totheparty.admitto devotesettingmakingcor
98、rectingto expectnot having been invitedv21)_(give)thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhile_(recover)fromtheoperation.v22)Therearefivepairsofshoes_(choose)from,butImatalosswhich_(buy).v23)Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_(pay)bythehour.v24)Whatworriedthechildmostwashis_(notallow)visithismother
99、inthehospitalv25)Heclaimed_(treat)inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.Givento recoverto chooseto buypaidnot being allowedto have badly treatedv26)_(fetch)waterbeforebreakfastseemedtomearulenever_(break).v27)While_(shop),peoplesometimescanthelp_(persuade)intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyn
100、eed.v28)Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_(walk)intheflower-linedgarden.v29)Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,_(fly)constantlywillpartofyourlifev30)Thelittletimewehavetogetherwetry_(spend)wisely.To fetchto be brokenshoppingbeing persuadedwalkingflyingto spendv1)Imeanttobuyaneveningpaper,butIdidntseean
101、yone_(sell)them.v2)JustnowIsawaman_(walk)inthestreet,withalittlegirl_(seat)onhisshoulderv3)Theladywouldlovetohaveherluggage_(weigh).v4)Thethiefwascaught_(steal)goodsinthesupermarketagainv5)-WhathappenedtoMr.Whiteearlythismorning?v-Oh，hewasseen_(knock)downandthedriver_(drive)awaysellingsellingwalking
102、walkingseatedseatedweighedweighedstealingstealingknockedknockeddrovedrove巩固练习四巩固练习四注意注意: 动词如：动词如：permit,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider有不同的用法有不同的用法:vV + sb to do sth & V + doing sthe.g.：Thedoctoradvisedmenottogotobedtoolate.PleasepermitmetointroducemyselftoyoufirstYousurelycantconsiderhimtobease
103、lfishmanMyparentsforbidmetostayoutaftermid-nightIallowedthechildrentoplayinmyroomforanotherfiveminutes.vadvisepermitallowadmitforbidconsider doing sth.e.g.：vThelittleboyadmittedhavingbrokentheglass.vTheyshouldntallowparkinginthestreet;itstoonarrow.vIforbidsmokinginmyhousevWedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice动名词表示被动意义:v在动词或词组need,want,require,beworth,deserve,etc.后的动名词表示被动意义:vYourcompositionneedsimproving.vYourcompositionneedstobeimproved.vThebookisworthreadingasecondtime.vThebookisworthytoberead/ofbeingreadasecondtime.
