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1、Module6WarandPeaceIntroduction&readingWarlogoAnti-warlogoPeacelogoAnswerthequestionsaboutawarinthetwentiethcentury.1.Therewasawarthattookplacebetween1939and1945.Whatisthenameofthiswar?(a)theGreatWar(b)theSecondWorldWar2.Whenthewarbegan,whichcountrieswereinvolved?(a)BritainandGermany(b)theUnitedstate
2、sandJapan.3.Thewarbeganwhenacountrywasinvaded.Whichcountrywasinvaded?(a)Poland(b)FranceTheD-DayLandingsWorldWarIIGlossary轴心国轴心国协约国协约国AxisPowers:TheallianceofGermany,Italy,andJapan.Allies:CountriesthatfoughtagainsttheAxisPowers.AlliedExpeditionaryForce(AEF): Twelvenationssuppliedtroopsandmaterialfori
3、t,includingtheUnitedStates,Canada,FranceandtheUnitedKingdom.协约国远征军协约国远征军OperationOverlord: codenameforthemilitaryoperationin1944toinvadeFrance.领主主行动行动D-Day/H-Hour: ThetermsD-DayandH-Hourareusedforthedayandhouronwhichanattackoroperationistobelaunched.“D”isforthedayoftheinvasionand“H”forthehourtheoper
4、ationactuallybegins.D-Daylandings:D-DayInvasionorInvasionofNormandy.Readthepassage1andanswerthefollowingquestions:1.WhateventstartedtheSecondWorldWar?2.GermanysinvasionofPoland.3.2.WhatwasthepurposeofOperationOverlord?4.ToinvadeFrance.3.Whatnationalitywerethetroopstakingpartinthelanding?British,Amer
5、icanandCanadian.4.Wherewasthemostdangerousplacetoland?OmahaBeach.MapofD-DayLandingsReadpassage2andchoosethebestanswers.1.WhentheGermansstartedfiringattheboats,_.A.theboatsweresofarfromthe2.beachthattheywerenthit.B.theboatswereonekilometerfromthebeach.2.WhenBoat5washitbyashell,_.A.everyonewaskilled.B
6、.mostofthemenwererescuedfromthewater.3.ThemenfromBoat3hadproblemsinthewaterbecause_.A.theirbackpacksweretooheavy.B.Thewaterwastoodeep.4.Sixmentriedtoclimbupthecliffand_.A.someofthemmanagedtoreachthetop.B.allofthemreachedthetop.5.TwoofthesoldiersfromAbleCompany_.A.stayedonthebeach.B.Metsomeothersoldi
7、ers.Passage3WorldWarIICemeteryWorldWarIIMemorialInFranceWorldWarIIMemorialInU.S.A.They fell with their faces to the foe. They shall not grow old, as we that are left grow old.Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn. At the going down of the sun and in the morning We will remember them. Forth
8、eFallenTo the inner most heart of their own land they are known; As the stars are known to the Night; As the stars that shall be bright when we are dust; As the stars that are starry in the time of our darkness, To the end, to the end, they remain. Onthe6thJune2004,_oftheD-DayLandingsfrommanydiffere
9、ntcountriesreturnedto_toremembertheirlostcomrades.Theywenttothe_and_whichare_onacliffoverlookingthebeachandtheEnglishsurvivorsFrancecemeterymemorialsituatedFillinthemissingwordsaboutpassage3.Channel,fromwheretheboats_theirlandings.Onthememorialthereispartofapoemcalled“_”.attemptedFortheFallenLanguag
10、epointsvengeance(n.):sth.violentorharmfulthatyoudotosomeoneinordertopunishthemforharmingyou,yourfamily,etc.报仇报仇,复仇复仇,报复报复1.vengeful(adj.):veryeagertopunishsomeonewhohasharmedyou2.e.g.复仇之神复仇之神avengefulGode.g.他的父亲被杀之后他的父亲被杀之后,哈姆雷特为复哈姆雷特为复仇的愿望所驱使。仇的愿望所驱使。Hamletisdrivenbyadesireforvengeanceafterhisfathe
11、riskilled.2.demand(v.)(1)demand+名名+(from/of名名)对对(人人)要求要求e.g.那名顾客向公司要求一个合理的那名顾客向公司要求一个合理的解释。解释。Thecustomerdemandedareasonableexplanationfromthecompany.(2)demand+todo要求去做要求去做e.g.他们要求被告知每件事。他们要求被告知每件事。Theydemandedtobetoldeverything.(3)demand+thate.g.他们要求公司把他们的钱还回来。他们要求公司把他们的钱还回来。Theydemandedthatthecomp
12、any(should)givebacktheirmoney.(2)invade(人人)涌入涌入(城市等城市等)e.g.每年夏天许多旅游者涌入那个城市每年夏天许多旅游者涌入那个城市Manytouristsinvadethecityeverysummer.(3)侵犯侵犯(人的权利等人的权利等),侵扰侵扰(生活生活)e.g.侵扰某人的隐私侵扰某人的隐私invadeapersonsprivacyinvasion(n.)侵略侵略invader(n.)入侵者入侵者3.invade(vt.)invadedinvading(1)侵略侵略(他国等他国等),入侵入侵e.g.德国于德国于1939年入侵波兰。年入侵波
13、兰。GermanyinvadedPolandin1939.4.abandon(v.)(1)抛弃抛弃(某人某人),遗弃遗弃,弃弃(船船)等而去等而去,(下下车、船等车、船等)置之不顾置之不顾abandon+名名e.g.他抛弃家人。他抛弃家人。Heabandonedhisfamily.背弃祖国背弃祖国/朋友朋友/船船abandononescountry/friends/aship(2)中止中止,断念断念,放弃放弃e.g.他放弃了这个计划。他放弃了这个计划。Heabandonedtheplan.革除恶习革除恶习abandonabadhabit放弃希望放弃希望abandononeshopeabando
14、n,desert,forsake,leave,giveup的区别的区别:这些动词或词组均含这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃抛弃、放弃”之之意意abandon强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等人或事物等,这可能是被迫的这可能是被迫的,也可能是也可能是自愿的。自愿的。desert着重指违背法律责任和义务着重指违背法律责任和义务,或自或自己的信仰与誓言的行为己的信仰与誓言的行为,多含非难的意味。多含非难的意味。forsake侧重断绝感情上的依恋侧重断绝感情上的依恋,自愿抛自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。掉恶习。leave普通用词
15、普通用词,指舍弃某事或某一职业指舍弃某事或某一职业,或终止同一某人的关系或终止同一某人的关系,但不涉及动机但不涉及动机与果。与果。giveup普通用语普通用语,侧重指没有希望或因侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。外界压力而放弃。6.attempt:1)(v.)尝试尝试,企图企图,(较较try更正式的说法更正式的说法)attempt+名名e.g.那犯人企图逃跑那犯人企图逃跑,但失败了。但失败了。Theprisonerattemptedanescapebutfailed.试着解答难题试着解答难题attemptadifficultproblemattempt+todo尝试尝试,试图试图e.g.他们试
16、图攀登崂山。他们试图攀登崂山。TheyattemptedtoclimbMt.Lao.(2)(CN.)尝试尝试,企图企图at名名的的todo名名e.g.他尝试着学滑雪。他尝试着学滑雪。Hemadeanattempttolearntoski.他试图获得头奖他试图获得头奖,但却失败了。但却失败了。Hefailedinhisattemptatwinning/towinthefirstprice.7.declare“宣布宣布,声称声称,声明声明”,常跟名词、常跟名词、从句和复合结构从句和复合结构(1)跟名词跟名词e.g.之后之后,美国对日本宣战。美国对日本宣战。AfterthattheUnitedSta
17、tesdeclaredwaron/uponJapan.保加利亚在保加利亚在1908年宣告独立。年宣告独立。Bulgariadeclaredtheindependencein1908.(2)跟从句跟从句e.g.被控告者声称他无罪。被控告者声称他无罪。Theaccusedmandeclaredthathewasnotguilty.我们宣布启动工程。我们宣布启动工程。Wedeclarethattimehascometostartourproject.(3)跟复合结构跟复合结构e.g.他声称自己是他们派别的人。他声称自己是他们派别的人。Hedeclaredhimselftobeamemberofthe
18、irparty.被控告者宣称自己的清白。被控告者宣称自己的清白。Theaccusedmandeclaredhimselfinnocent.学生们声明反对作弊。学生们声明反对作弊。Thestudentsdeclaredthemselvesagainstcheating.8.occupy(1)(vt.)占占(空间、场所、地位等空间、场所、地位等),居住居住于于(家、房间等家、房间等)，占用时间，占用时间e.g.公园占了那个城市的公园占了那个城市的1/3面积。面积。Theparkoccupiesathirdofthecity.晚餐和演讲占用了两个钟头。晚餐和演讲占用了两个钟头。Thedinneran
19、dspeechesoccupied2hours.(2)(vt.)(军队军队)占领占领,占据占据occupy+名名(3)e.g.第二次世界大战后第二次世界大战后,盟军占领盟军占领了那个国家好几年。了那个国家好几年。ThealliedforcesoccupiedthatcountryforseveralyearsafterWorldWarII.(3)beoccupiedwith/in=occupyoneselfwith/in正从事正从事,专心专心于于e.g.我一直专心念历史。我一直专心念历史。Ihavebeenoccupiedinreadinghistorybooks.他从事种种项目。他从事种种项
20、目。Heoccupiedhimselfwithvariousprojects.occupation(n.)职业职业,固定工作固定工作,居住居住,占有占有 8.breakthrough(v.)(1)toforceawaythroughsth.突围突围,突破突破e.g.拂晓时拂晓时,300辆坦克准备突破敌人辆坦克准备突破敌人的防线。的防线。Atdawn,300tankspreparedtobreakthroughtheenemylines.(2)Ifthesunorlightsbreaksthrough,youcanseeitthroughsth,suchascloudsormist.太阳或光从云
21、雾中太阳或光从云雾中透出来透出来,冲冲破破3)Todealsuccessfullywithsth.especiallyunreasonablebehaviororbadfeeling克服克服(尤指不合理行为或不尤指不合理行为或不好的感觉好的感觉)e.g.我该怎样做才能让他开口呢？我该怎样做才能让他开口呢？HowcouldIbreakthroughhisreserve?breakthrough(n.)e.g.科学家们在克隆中取得了重大突科学家们在克隆中取得了重大突破。破。Thescientistsmakeagreatbreakthroughincloning.9.drown(1)(vt. / v
22、i.)沉没沉没,淹没淹没,淹死淹死e.g.那人溺死在河中。那人溺死在河中。Themandrownedintheriver.他他试图把她淹死在河里。把她淹死在河里。Hetriedtodrownherintheriver.(2)(vt.)使淹没，使湿透使淹没，使湿透e.g.洪水淹没了许多房屋。洪水淹没了许多房屋。Thegreatflooddrownedmanyhouses.(3)(vt.)(噪音等噪音等)把把(声音声音)压倒压倒,盖住盖住,淹淹没没drown+名名(常与常与out连用连用)e.g.她的声音被瀑布的水声给淹没了。她的声音被瀑布的水声给淹没了。Thenoiseofthewaterfal
23、ldrowned(out)hervoice.Hervoicewasdrownedoutbythenoiseofthewaterfall.10.weary(adj.)(1)疲倦的，疲惫的疲倦的，疲惫的e.g.疲倦的脚疲倦的脚wearyfeet(2)感到厌倦的感到厌倦的,感到厌烦的感到厌烦的(不置于名不置于名词之前词之前)bewearyof+名名对对e.g.你的说教令我厌烦。你的说教令我厌烦。Imwearyofyourpreaching.(3)使使(人人)疲倦的疲倦的,厌烦的厌烦的,感到无聊的感到无聊的(置于名词之前置于名词之前)e.g.令人疲倦的旅行令人疲倦的旅行awearyjourneywea
24、ry(vt./ vi.)使使(人人)疲倦疲倦,感到疲感到疲倦倦,使使(人人)厌烦厌烦.e.g.他整天走路他整天走路,感觉疲倦不堪感觉疲倦不堪Hewasweariedwithwalkingallday.我不久就对那演讲感觉厌烦了。我不久就对那演讲感觉厌烦了。Isoonweariedoflisteningtothelecture.11.condemn:1)(vt.)(因因)(严厉地严厉地)责难责难(人、行为人、行为)责备责备,谴责谴责condemn+名名+(for名名)e.g.报纸严厉谴责那政客的受贿行为。报纸严厉谴责那政客的受贿行为。Thenewspaperscondemnedthepoliticianforbribery.(2)(因因)判决判决(某人某人)有罪有罪,判刑判刑condemn+名名(人人)+(for名名)e.g.他因凶杀被判有罪而入狱。他因凶杀被判有罪而入狱。Hewascondemned(formurder)andsentinprison.condemn+名名(人人)+to名名/todo宣宣言言(某人某人)判处判处e.g.法官判他死刑。法官判他死刑。无期徒刑无期徒刑Thejudgecondemnedhimtodeath.
