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1、the Present Perfect Tense现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时的构成：现在完成时的构成：have / has +动词过去分词动词过去分词时间状语：时间状语：already， yet， ever， never， just， before规则动词的过去分词：规则动词的过去分词：1）一般加）一般加+ ed: worked, started2) “辅音辅音+y”结尾的动词，结尾的动词，y 变成变成i后加后加ed:study-studied3)以以“e”结尾的动词后加结尾的动词后加 “d”: hope-hoped4)双写双写 辅音字母：辅音字母：stopped动词过去分词形成方式：动词
2、过去分词形成方式：规则和不规则变化规则和不规则变化动词的过去式以及过去分词不规则动词的过去式与过去分词不规则动词的过去式与过去分词:AAA: put put put letlet letABB: standstood stoodABA:becomebecamebecomeABC: eat ateeaten现在完成时的不同的形式：肯定式：主语肯定式：主语+has/have+过去分词（过去分词（p.p.）+. My sister has already washed all the clothes.否定式：主语否定式：主语+hasnt+（p.p.）+.My sister hasnt already
3、 washed all the clothes. 疑问式：疑问式：Has/have+主语主语+p.p.+?Has your sister already washed all the clothes? 肯定答语：肯定答语：Yes, 主语主语+hasYes, she has.否定答语：否定答语：No， 主语主语+hasntNo, she hasnt.He has lost his key.The key isnt in his pockets now.用法用法1They are in the room now.They have come into the room.past now Yeste
4、rday , we cleaned the classroom.Now , the classroom is clean because we have cleaned it.用法用法1强调强调过去发生的动作过去发生的动作对对现在产生的现在产生的结果或影结果或影响响 1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _2. I saw this film last week. Now, I know this film because I_.3. I finished my
5、homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_my father has bought many books for me.have seen it before have finished it. “仍然，还仍然，还 ” 用在疑问句和否定用在疑问句和否定句中。句中。I havent read this book yet .Have you had breakfast yet ?already:Yet: “已经已经”通常用于肯定句中。通常用于肯定句中。 I have already posted the lett
6、er.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。 Have you eaten up all the food already ?“从来不从来不” 用在否定句中。用在否定句中。Is he famous ?I have never heard of him .evernever“曾经曾经”通常用于疑问句通常用于疑问句和肯定句中。和肯定句中。 I have ever seen this film.Have you ever been to the USA ?“以前以前”用在完成时中，用在完成时中，放在句尾。放在句尾。have never read this kind of boo
7、ks before.justbefore“刚刚刚刚 ”用在陈述句中。用在陈述句中。 Ihave just bought a novel。She began to work in 1999.She still works here now. She has worked at this school for 2 years. 用法用法2：now past I began to teach English at this school fiveyears ago.I have taught English at this school four five years.用法用法2 2：过去发生的动作
8、一直过去发生的动作一直延续延续到现在。到现在。 1. I am a doctor. I began to work when I was 22.Now , I am 26. I _ for four years.2. We went to the USA last Monday. Today is Monday . We _ (stay) in the USA since last Monday. have workedhave stayedsince and forThe woman has worked at this school for 2 years.( since two year
9、s ago)since 2 years agosince 1998;since she came to the school)for + for + 一段时间一段时间since+since+点时间点时间一、用一、用for和和since填空。填空。_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsin
10、ceforsincesince 1.Theyve known each other since_. A.1995 B. three years 2.Ive been interested in Chinese for_. A. last year B. one year 3. She has been a doctor for_. A. two years B.two years ago 4. Ive had a headache since_. A. I got up this morning B. five hours 5. Weve been here for_. A. one hour
11、 B. one oclock AABAB6. My parents have owned this house for_. A. a long time B. many years ago7. Theyve been in love since_. A. last spring B. three months8. We have known each other since_. A. one year B. last year9. -How long have you been like this? -Since_. A.last night B. two days10.-How long h
12、as she worked here? -She has worked here for_. A. 1993 B. six yearsAABAB Exercise根据所给情况，用根据所给情况，用just,already或或yet造句。造句。1.After lunch you go to see a friend at her house.She saysWould you like something to eat? You say: No, thank you. ( have lunch )2.Joe goes out. Five minutes later,the phone rings
13、and the caller says Can I speak to Joe? You say: Im afraid _.( go out )he has just gone outIve just had lunch.3.You are eating in a restaurant this evening. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.You say: Wait a moment !_ ( not / finish )4.You are going to a restauran
14、t this evening.You phone to reserve(预定）预定）a table. Later your friend says Shall I phone to reserve a table? You say: No,_ it (do)I havent finished it yet.I have already done 5.You know that a friend of yours is looking for a job. Perhaps she has been successful.Ask her. You say:_? ( find ) 6.Ann wen
15、t to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks Is Ann still at the bank ? You say: No, _. (come back) Have you already found the jobShe has already came back比较现在完成时和过去时的比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：区别：*现在完成时所表示的是过去现在完成时所表示的是过去的行动所造成的现在的情况。的行动所造成的现在的情况。*一般过去时表示的是过去发一般过去时表示的是过去发生的事实生的事实现在完成时不能和确定的
16、过去现在完成时不能和确定的过去时间状语连用，如：时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last year, in 1976，two days ago, just now但可以和一些不确定的时间状语连但可以和一些不确定的时间状语连用，也可和包括现在在内的时间状用，也可和包括现在在内的时间状语连用，如：语连用，如：already, yet, before, latelyrecently, once, twice, ever,never。1)She has already come.2)I havent read it yet.*gocomeleavedie等词语表示等词语表示的动作是一时的，不能
17、延续，的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与不能与for、since等表示一段等表示一段时间的词连用，如不能说：时间的词连用，如不能说：He has gone for two months.(F)但可以说：但可以说：He has been away for 2months.总结现在完成时：总结现在完成时：1、构成：、构成：have / has +过去分词过去分词。2、概念：、概念：(1)表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在 成的影响或结果。常与下列状语连用：成的影响或结果。常与下列状语连用： already, just, yet, ever, never, befor
18、e （2）表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括括“现在现在”在内）的在内）的 一段时间的状语连用。一段时间的状语连用。 a.for和表示一段时间的词组连用。和表示一段时间的词组连用。如：如：for 3 years b.since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。如：如： since 1997, since two years ago,since last week 过去完成时态过去完成时态2. 过去完成时可以表示过去完成时可以表示过去某一
19、时刻过去某一时刻 或或某一动作之前完成的动作某一动作之前完成的动作或或呈现呈现 的状态的状态。也就是说发生在。也就是说发生在“过去的过去的 过去过去”。1. Past perfect Tense 过去完成时过去完成时 构成：构成：had过去分词过去分词 6:00 7:00 6:00 7:00 现在现在 By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes.过去完成时的不同的形式：肯定式：主语肯定式：主语+had+过去分词（过去分词（p.p.）+. My sister had already washed all t
20、he clothes.否定式：主语否定式：主语+hadnt+（p.p.）+.My sister hadnt already washed all the clothes. 疑问式：疑问式：Had+主语主语+p.p.+?Had your sister already washed all the clothes? 肯定答语：肯定答语：Yes, 主语主语+hadYes, she had.否定答语：否定答语：No， 主语主语+hadntNo, she hadnt. The differences between Present Perfect tense and Past Perfect tense
21、.(1) She has taught English for 6 years.(2) “Where is Susan” “She has gone to America”.表示表示过去某去某时发生的生的动作，作，这动作可能作可能刚刚停止停止,也可能也可能还在在进行。行。(1) She said she had taught English for 6 years.(2) By the time I got to London, she had gone toAmerica.表示过去表示过去某时之前某时之前发生的动发生的动作。作。 现在完成时现在完成时: 主语主语 + have / has d
22、one过去完成时过去完成时: 主语主语 + had done1. .我到家时她已经睡了。我到家时她已经睡了。 By the time I got home, she had By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed.already gone to bed.2. .到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。 By yesterday evening the news By yesterday evening the news had spread through the world.had spread through
23、the world.3.他走以后我找到了那封信。他走以后我找到了那封信。 I found the letter after he had gone I found the letter after he had gone away.away. We reached the cinema late. The We reached the cinema late. The film had already been on for ten film had already been on for ten minutes.minutes.4.我们到电影院晚了我们到电影院晚了,电影已经开始十电影已经开始
24、十分钟了。分钟了。常用的时间状语等标志词：常用的时间状语等标志词：1、by, before, when, by the time等构成的短语等构成的短语或引导的从句。或引导的从句。Eg. 1)By the time she came to the bus stop, the bus had already gone.2) We had finished the task before midnight.3) When I arrived at the post office, I found that I had left the letter at home.4) After I had f
25、inished my homework, I went to bed.2、 由由said, told, knew, heard, thought 等引导的等引导的宾语从句中。宾语从句中。Eg. He told me that he had heard of it. I thought my homework had been fininshed. But I didnt.3、 从过去开始，从过去开始， 一直持续到过去的另一时间一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作、状态。常用的动作、状态。常用since，for.Eg. She said that she had learned English for
26、 years since he came to our school注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语，及注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语，及since, for 引导的从句和短语连用引导的从句和短语连用。Eg. 1.When I got to the cinema, the film had begun for ten minutes.2.When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for ten minutes.3.He said the door had been opened for long.4.He said the door had
27、 opened for long.5.He said the door had been open for long.翻译下列各句：翻译下列各句：1、当我到达音乐厅的时，这名流行歌手已经、当我到达音乐厅的时，这名流行歌手已经离开了。离开了。2、到昨天早上，他已经给我打了好几个电话、到昨天早上，他已经给我打了好几个电话了。了。3、当医生被派人请来时，这个病人已经等了、当医生被派人请来时，这个病人已经等了10分钟了。分钟了。4、我昨天看到、我昨天看到Jim了。我们已经了。我们已经5年没有见年没有见面了。面了。5、昨天我把我借的那本小说还给了图书管。、昨天我把我借的那本小说还给了图书管。Can yo
28、u do it?1.By yesterday morning, he _(call) me ten times.2.The patient _(die) when the doctor arrived.3.I saw Lin Feng yesterday. We _(not meet) each other for five years.had calledhad diedhad not met4. I returned the book that I_(borrow).5. He said that he _(know) her well.6. The match _(be) on for
29、half an hour.7. The match _(be) on for half an hour when I got there.8. They _(do) the work at 11 oclock yesterday morning. had borrowedhad knownhas beenhad beendid9. They _(do) the work by 11 oclock yesterday morning.10. The pop singers _(leave) when I got to the music hall last night. What a pity!
30、11. How clean the room is today! Oh, yes! Who _(clean) it?had donehad leftcleaned12.What were you doing when Jim phoned you? I _(finish) my homework and was starting to take a shower.13. Have you ever been to Guilin? Yes. I _(go) there four months ago.had finishedwent将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前将来完成时用来表
31、示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。已经完成或一直持续的动作。 经常与经常与before+将来时间或将来时间或by+将来时间将来时间连用，也可与连用，也可与before或或by the time引导的引导的现在时的从句连用。现在时的从句连用。 a.状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。止一直有的状态。 b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。的经验。 shall / will + have done1. shall + h
32、ave done 只用于第一人只用于第一人称称2.will + have done 用于所有人称用于所有人称1.表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。往往对将来某一时间产生影响。Eg. We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到这个学期末，我们将学完到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。个单元。 By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 你到家之前我将把
33、房子彻底打扫一遍。你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。2.表示推测，相当于表示推测，相当于“must have done”结构。结构。 Eg.You will have heard of this,I guess. 我想你已经听说过这件事了。我想你已经听说过这件事了。I am sure he will have got the information.我相信他一定得到了这个信息。我相信他一定得到了这个信息。练习题1.By the end of this year,I_enough money for a hoilday. A will save B will be saving C will h
34、ave saved D have saved 2.I have been studying here for four years, by next summer I _.A shall graduateB shall be graduated C shall be graduatingD shall have graduated3. I hope her health _greatly by the time we come back next year.A improvesB improved C will be improved D will have improved4. Are yo
35、u going to Richards birthday party?Yes. By then I _my home work.A had finished B will have finished C would have finishedD finished5.I suppose by the time I come back in ten yearss time, all these old house _down.A will have been pulled B will be pulling C will have pulledD will be pulled6. I hope that they _ the road by the time we come back.A will have repairedB would have repairedC have repaired D have repaired
