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1、-20192019 年年 1212 月四级第一套月四级第一套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to writea letter to a foreign frienda letter to a foreign friendwho wants to teach English in China. Please remend a city to him.who wants to teach Engl
2、ish in China. Please remend a city to him.You should write at least120 words but no more than180 words.PartPartListening prehension (25 minutes)Listening prehension (25 minutes)Section ASection ADirections:Directions:In thissection, you will hear three news reports. At theend of each news report,you
3、 will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a singleline through the centre.Questi
4、ons l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A)Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D) A wandering cow
5、 was captured by the police.2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer.B) It found its way back to the parks zoo.C) It became a great attraction for tourists.D) It was sent to the animal control department.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.Questions 3 and 4 are b
6、ased on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It is the largest of its kind.B) It is going to be e*panded.C) It is displaying more fossil specimens.D) It is staring an online e*hibition.4. A)A collection of bird fossils from Australia.B) Photographs of certain rare fossile*hibits.C) Some ancient
7、 wall paintings from Australia.D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photocontest.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Pick up trash.B) Amuse visitors.C) Deliver messages.D) Play with children.6. A) T
8、hey are especially intelligent.B) They are childrens favorite.C) They are quite easy to tame.D) They are clean and pretty.7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks.B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.C) Children may contract bird diseases.D) Children may overfeed the rooks.Section BSection BDi
9、rections:Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C)
10、and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 witha single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.z-8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University.B) It will be ho
11、sted by famous professors.C) It will cover different areas of science.D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A)It will be more futuristic.B) It will be more systematic.C) It will be more entertaining.D) It will be easier to understand.10. A) People interested in science.B) Youngsters e
12、ager to e*plore.C) Children in their early teens.D) Students majoring in science.11. A) Offer professional advice.B) Provide financial support.C) Help promote it on the Internet.D) Make episodes for its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questions 12 to
13、 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Unsure.B) Helpless.C) Concerned.D) Dissatisfied.13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect.B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals.D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.14. A) Embarrasse
14、d.B) Unconcerned.C) Miserable.D) Resentful.15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens.B) pare his present with his past only.C) Always learn from others achievements.D) Treat others the way he would be treated.Section CSection CDirections:Directions:In thissection,you will hearthreepassages.At the
15、 end of eachpassage,you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondingletteron AnswerSheet1 with a singleline throughth
16、e centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C) They are more likely to bee engineers.D) They ha
17、ve greater potential to be leaders.17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.C) Insist that boys and girls work together more.D) Respond more positively to boys ments.18. A) Offer personalized teaching materials.B) Provide a variety of opti
18、onal courses.C) Place great emphasis on test scores.D) Pay e*tra attention to top students.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It often rains cats and dogs.B) It seldom rains in summer time.C) It does
19、not rain as much as people think.D) It is one of the most rainy cities in theUS.20. A) They drive most of the time.B) The rain is usually very light.C) They have got used to the rain.D) The rain es mostly at night.21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.B) It has never seen thunder and light
20、ing.C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity
21、.z-B) It results from e*erting ones muscles continuously.C) It happens when people engage in an unmon activity.D) It es from staining ones muscles in an unusual way.23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.B) Body movements in the affected area bee difficult.C) They begin to mak
22、e repairs immediately.D) They gradually bee fragmented.24. A) About one week.B) About two days.C) About ten days.D) About four weeks.25. A) Apply muscle creams.B) Drink plenty of water.C) Have a hot shower.D) Take pain-killers.PartPart Reading prehension (40 minutes)Reading prehension (40 minutes)Se
23、ction ASection ADirections:Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to selectone word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isiden
24、tified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When t
25、ravelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances withtap water Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or 26 the ruins of Angkor.Its hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. Its the safe, sane thing todo, right The bottle is 27 , and the label says
26、pure water, but maybe whats insideis not so 28 . Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of allbottled water sold around the world 29 microplasticsThats the conclusion of a recently 30 study, which analyzed 259 bottles from 11brands sold in nine countries, 31 an average
27、of 325 plastic particles per liter of water.These microplastics included a 32monly known as PETand are widely used in the manufactureof clothing andfood and 33 containers.The study was conducted at the State University ofNew York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organization.About a million bott
28、les are boughtevery minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide wholive with unsafe drinking water.Confronted with this 34 , several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle andCoco-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies
29、showed thattheir water didcontain microplastics, but far lessthan the Orb study suggested.Regardless,the World Health Organization has now launched a review into the 35 health risks of drinkingwater from plastic bottles.A) adequateF) instant K) releasedB) admiringG) liquidL) revealingC) containsH) m
30、odifiedM) sealedD) defendingI) naturalN) solvesE) evidenceJ) potentialO) substance.z-Section BSection BDirectionsDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toeach statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfromwh
31、ichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphis marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.The Quiet Heroism of Mail DeliveryThe Quiet Heroism of Mail DeliveryA On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the M
32、idwest. Overnight, Chicago reacheda low of 21 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colder than Antarctica, Alaska,and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zero in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45degrees below zero in Buffalo, North Dakota, according to the National Weather Se
33、rvice. Schools,restaurants, and businesses closed, and more than 1,000 flights have been canceled.B Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail delivery temporarily. Dueto this arctic outbreak and concerns for the safety of USPS employees, USPS announcedWednesday morning, the Postal
34、Service is suspending delivery Jan. 30 in the following 3-digitZIP Code locations. Twelve regions were listed as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eightremained.C As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of e*treme weather. In2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurrican
35、es, mudslides, and other natural disasterscost at least $49 billion in the United States. As my colleague Vann Newkirk reported, PuertoRico is still confronting economic and structural destruction and resource scarcity from2017s Hurricane Maria. Natural disasters can wreck a munitys infrastructure,
36、disruptingsystems for months or years. Some services, however, remind us that life will eventually return,in some form, to normal.D Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a drone caught footageof a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in that familiar whit
37、e van,collecting mail in an affected area. The video is striking: The operation is familiar, butthe scene looks like the end of the world. According to Rae Ann Haight, the program managerfor the national-preparedness office at USPS, Smith was fulfilling a request made by some ofthe home owners to pi
38、ckup any mail that was left untouched. For Smith, this was justanotherday on the job. I followed my route like I normally do, Smith told a reporter. As Ide across a bo* that was up but with no house, I checked, and there was mailoutgoing mailinit. And so we picked those up and carried on.E USPS has
39、sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across the country, 285emergency-management teams are devoted to crisis control.These teams are trained annuallyusing a framework known as the three Ps: people, property, product. After mail service stopsdue to weather, the agencys top priority is
40、 ensuring that employees are safe. Thenit evaluatesthe health of infrastructure, such as the roads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decideswhen and how to re-open operations.If the destruction is e*treme, mail addressed to the areawill get sent elsewhere. In response to Hurricane Katrina in
41、2005, USPS redirected ining NewOrleans mail to e*isting mail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed in NewOrleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it would be protected from water damage.F As soon as its safe enough to be outside, couriers start distributing accumulated mail
42、on the still-accessible routes. USPS urges those without standing addresses to file.z-change-of-address forms with their new location. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mailfacilities were set up in dozens of other locations across the country in the two weeks thatUSPS was unable to provide stree
43、t delivery.G Every day, USPS processes, on average, 493.4 million pieces of mailanything frompostcards to Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeople from both USPS and UPS told meall mail is important. But some mail can be e*tremely sensitive and timely. According to datareleased in January 20
44、17, 56 percent of bills are paid online, which means that just underhalf of payments still rely on delivery services to be pleted.H It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such as Social Securitychecks, but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitive material. The
45、y willcoordinatewith the Social Security Administration to make sure that Social Security checks reach theright people in a timely fashion. After Hurricane Florence and Hurricane Michael last fall,USPS worked with state and local election boards to make sure that absentee ballots wereavailable and r
46、eceived on time.I Mail panies are logistics panies, which puts them in a special position to help when disasterstrikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized its massive infrastructure as aunique federal asset to be called upon in a disaster or terrorist attack. I think wereunique as a fe
47、deral agency,USPS official Mike Swigart told me, because were in literallyevery munity in this country Were obligated to deliver to that point on a daily basis.J Private courier panies, which have more dollars to spend, use their e*pertise in logisticsto help revitalize damaged areas after a disaste
48、r.For more than a decade, FedE* has supportedthe American Red Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected by disasters,both domestically and internationally. In 2012, the pany distributed more than 1,200 MedPacksto Medical Reserve Corps groups in California, and donated space for
49、 3.1 million pounds ofcharitable shipping globally. Last October, the pany pledged $1 million in cash andtransportation support for Hurricanes Florence and Michael.UPSs charitable arm, the UPSFoundation, uses the panys logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebuild. We realize thatas a pany with pe
50、ople, trucks, warehouses, we needed to play a larger role, said EduardoMartinez, the president of the UPS Foundation. The pany employs its trucks and planes to deliverfood, medicine, and water. The day before I spoke to Martinez in November, he had been touringthe damage from Hurricane Michael in Fl
51、orida with the American Red Cross. We have an obligationto make sure our munities are thriving, prosperous, he said.K Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disaster may still remain.Returning to a sense of normalcy can be difficult, but some small routinesmail delivery b
52、eingone of themmay help residents remember that their munities are still their munities.Whenthey see that carrier back out on the street, Swigart said, thats the first sign to themthat life is starting to return to normal.36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees safe
53、ty.37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to munities pared withother federal agencies38. Natural disasters can have a long-lasting impact on munity life.39. Mail delivery service i$ still responsible for the pletion of almost half of payments.40. The sight of a mailma
54、n on the street is a reassuring sign of life being normal again.41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail service points were.z-set up.42. Postal service in some regions in the U.S. was suspended due to e*treme cold weather.43. Private postal panies also support disast
55、er relief efforts by distributing urgent supplies.44. A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite of e*treme conditions.45. Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.Section CSection CDirectionsDirections:There are 2 passages in this sectio
56、n. Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.Passage OnePassage OneQuestions 46 to
57、50 are based on the following passage.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teachingassistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, KnowledgeBased Artificial Intelligence
58、. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Techsonline Master of Science in puter Science program. Professor Goel already had 8 teachingassistants, but that wasnt enough to deal with theoverwhelming number of questions fromstudents.Many students drop out of online courses because of the l
59、ack of teaching support. Whenstudents feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, theirmotivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy thissituation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is b
60、asedon the IBM Watson platform.Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to theonline forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasnt too great. But Goel and his team sourcedthe online discussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since t
61、heclass was launched. Then they began to feed Jill the questions and answers. Aftersomeadjustment and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students questions correctly97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the studentsdidnt know she was a puter. The stud
62、ents, who were studying artificial intelligence, wereinteracting with artificial intelligence and couldnt tell it apart from a real human being.Goel didnt inform them about Jills true identity until April 26. The students were actuallyvery positive about the e*perience.The goal of Professor Goels vi
63、rtual assistant ne*t year is to take over answering 40%of all questions posed by students on the online forum. The name, Jill Watson, will of course,change to something else ne*t semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the futureof AI than say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or
64、 Steve Wozniak.46. What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Artificial IntelligenceA) It is a robot that can answer students questions.B) It is a course designed for students to learn online.C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.D) It is a puter program that aids student learning.47
65、. What problem did Professor Goel meet withA) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.z-B) His course was too difficult for the students.C) Students questions were too many to handle.D) Too many students dropped out of his course.48. What do we learn about Jill WatsonA) She turned out to b
66、e a great success.B)Shegotalongprettywellwithstudents.C) She was unwele to students at first.D) She was released online as an e*periment.49. How did the students feel about Jill WatsonA) They thought she was a bit too artificial.B) They found her not as capable ase*pected.C) They could not but admir
67、e her knowledge.D) They could not tell her from a realperson.50. What does Professor Goel plan to do ne*t with Jill WatsonA) Launch different versions of her online.B) Feed her with new questions and answers.C) Assign her to answer more of students questions.D) Encourage students to interact with he
68、r more freely.Passage TwoPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Thinking small, being engaging, and havinga sense of humor dont hurt. Those are a fewof the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge fr
69、om a recent study thate*amined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may bemore crucial.Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, hastaken off in recentyears for everything from making movies to building water-saving gadgets. Scientists
70、have triedto tap Internet donors, too, with mi*ed success. Some raised more than twice their goal, butothers have fallen short of reaching more modest targets.To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led byscience munications scholar MikeSchfer of the Universit
71、y of Zurich in Switzerland e*aminedthe content of the WebPages for 371 recent campaigns.Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report inPublicUnderstandingofScience. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raisingmoney for science, and not ju
72、st any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take allers, platforms such as E*periment., Medstartr., and Petridish.org only present scientificprojects. For another, they present the project with a funny video becausegood visuals anda sense of humor improved success. Most of them engage wi
73、th potential donors sinceprojectsthat answered questions from interested donors and posted lab notes fared better. And theytarget a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4000 on average,with 30% of projects receiving less than $1000. The more money a project sought, the l
74、owerthe chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.Other factors may also significantly influence a projects success, most notably, the sizeof a scientists personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes aproject on his or her own.Those two factors are by far more criti
75、cal than the content on thepage. Crowdfunding can be part of researcherseffortsto reach the public, and people give.z-because they feel a connection to the person who is doing the fundraisingnot necessarilyto the science.51. What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for thei
76、r projectsA) They did not raise much due to modest targets.B) They made use of mi*ed fundraising strategies.C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.52. What is the purpose of Mike Schfers research of recent crowdfunding campaignsA) To cre
77、ate attractive content for science websites.B) To identify reasons for their different outes.C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.D) To separate science projects from general ones.53. What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfunding campaignA) The potential benefit to future ge
78、nerations. B) Its interaction with prospectivedonors.C) Its originality in addressing financial issues.D)Thevalueoftheproposedproject.54. What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projectsA) They should be small to be successful.B) They should be based on actual needs.C
79、) They should be assessed with great care.D) They should be ambitious to gainnotice.55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaignA) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.C) The significance and influence of the project
80、 itself.D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.PartPart Translation (30 minutes) Translation (30 minutes)Directions:Directions:For this part, you are allowed30 minutesto translatea passagefrom ChineseintoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。 许多父母
81、认为应该努力工作， 确保孩子受到良好的教育。 他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资， 而且花很多时间催促他们学习。 多数家长希望孩子能上名牌大学。 由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参加国际交流工程，让其拓宽视野。通过这些努力， 他们期望孩子*成长，为国家的开展和繁荣做出奉献。20192019 年年 1212 月四级第二套月四级第二套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to writea
82、 letter to a foreign frienda letter to a foreign friendwho wants to learn Chinese. Please remend a place to him.who wants to learn Chinese. Please remend a place to him.You should write at least 120 wordsbut no more than 180 words.PartPart Listening prehension (25 minutes) Listening prehension (25 m
83、inutes).z-Section ASection ADirections:Directions:In thissection, you will hear three news reports. At theend of each news report,you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the
84、 four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a singleline through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) The number of nurses has dropped t
85、o a record low.B) There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.C) There is discrimination against male nurses.D) The number of male nurses has gone down.2. A) Cultural bias.B) Inadequate pay.C) Educational system.D) Working conditions.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just
86、heard.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) He fell out of a lifeboat.B) He lost his way on a beach.C) He was almost drowned.D) He enjoyed swimming in the sea.4. A) The beach is a popular tourist resort.B)Theemergencyservicesareefficient.C) The beach is a good plac
87、e to watch the tide.D) The lifeboats patrol the arearound the clock.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It became an online star.B) It broke into an office room.C) It escaped from a local zoo.D) It
88、climbed 25 storeys at one go.6. A) Send it back to the zoo.B) Release it into the wild.C) Return it to its owner.D) Give it a physical checkup.7. A) A raccoon can perform acts no human can.B) A raccoon can climb much higher than a cat.C) The raccoon became as famous as some politicians.D) The raccoo
89、n did something no politician could.Section BSection BDirections:Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose
90、 the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 witha single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) She
91、got a well-paying job in a bank.B) She received a bonus une*pectedly.C She received her first monthly salary.D) She got a pay raise for her performance.9. A) Several years ago.B) Two decades ago.C) Right after graduation.D) Just last month.10. A) He sent a small check to his parents.B) He took a few
92、 of his friends to a gym.C) He immediately deposited it in a bank.D) He treated his parents to a nice meal.11. A) Buy some professional clothes.B) Budget her salary carefully.C) Join her colleagues for gym e*ercise.D) Visit her former university campus.z-Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversat
93、ion you have just heard.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) He has a difficult decision to make.B) He has been overworked recently.C) He has just quarreled with his girlfriend.D) He has just too many things toattend to.13. A) Give priority to things more urgen
94、t.B)Turntohisgirlfriendforassistance.C) Think twice before making the decision.D) Seek advice from his family and advisor.14. A) His parents and advisor have different opinions.B) He is not particularly keen on the job offered.C) He lacks the money for his doctoral program.D) His girlfriend does not
95、 support his decision.15. A)They need time to make preparations.B) They need to save enough money for it.C) They havent started their careers yet.D)Theyhaventwontheirparentsapproval.Section CSection CDirections:Directions:In thissection,you will hearthreepassages.At the end of eachpassage,you willhe
96、ar three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondingletteron AnswerSheet1 with a singleline throughthe centre.Questions 16 to 18 ar
97、e based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Acquiring information and professional knowledge.B) Using information to understand and solve problems.C) Enriching social and intellectual lives.D) E*pressing ideas and opinions freely.17. A) Improving mind-reading strategies.B)Readingclassicscienti
98、ficliterature.C) Playing games that challenge ones mind.D) Traveling to different places in theworld.18. A) Give others freedom to e*press themselves.B)E*posethemselvestodifferentcultures.C) Discard personal biases and prejudices.D) Participate in debates or discussions.Questions 19 to 21 are based
99、on the passage you have just heard.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) The nature of relationships between dogs.B) The reason a great many peoplelove dogs.C) Why dogs can be faithful friends of humans.D) How dogs feel about their bonds withhumans.20. A) They have a
100、n unusual sense of responsibility.B) They can respond to humansquestions.C) They can fall in love just like humans.D) They behave like other animals inmany ways.21. A) They have their own joys and sorrows.B) They e*perience true romantic love.C) They help humans in various ways.D) They stay with one
101、 partner for life.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.z-22. A) A cow bone.B) A rare animal.C) A historical site.D) A precious stone.23. A) Measuring it.B) Preserving it.C) Dating it.D) Identifying it.24. A) T
102、he site should have been protected.B)Theboysfamilyhadactedcorrectly.C) The boy should have called an e*pert.D) The channel needs to interview theboy.25. A) Search for similar fossils elsewhere.B) Ask the university to reward Jude.C) Conduct a more detailed search.D) Seek additional funds for the sea
103、rch.PartPart Reading prehension (40 minutes)Reading prehension (40 minutes)Section ASection ADirections:Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to selectone word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage
104、 through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the f
105、ollowing passage.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger,you are unlikely to get sick. That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratoryviruses 27 on airplanes. Researchers found that
106、only people who were seated in the same rowas a passenger with the flu, for e*ampleor one row in front of or behind that individualhada high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very28chance of gettingsick,according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily present
107、ed29informationabout the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore, these new findingsshould help airplane passengers to feel less30to catching respiratory infections whiletraveling by air.Prior to the new study, litter was known about the risks of getting31infected by monrespir
108、atory viruses, such as the flu or mon cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So,to32the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different33in the U.S. during the fluseason. The researchers found that passengers sitting within two seats on34side of a personinfected with flu, as well as tho
109、se sitting one row in front of or behind this individual,had about an 80 person chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35safe from infection.They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.A) accurateF) e*plorationsK) slimB) conclusionG) flightsL) spreadC) directlyH) largelyM) s
110、ummitD) eitherI) nearbyN) vividlyE) evaluateJ) respondO) venerableSection BSection BDirectionsDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to.z-each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfromwhichtheinformatio
111、nisderived.Youmaychoosea paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphis marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the DayA Along with old classics like carrots give you night vision and Santa doesnt bringtoys
112、 to misbehaving children, one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parents everywhereis that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Many of us grow up believing thatskipping breakfast is a serious mistakeeven if only two thirds of adults in the UK eatbreakfast regularly, according to the
113、 British DieteticAssociation, and around three-quartersof Americans.B The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night, e*plainsdiet specialist Sarah Elder. Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy, as well asmake up for protein and calcium used throughout the n
114、ight.But theres widespreaddisagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in the hierarchy of meals. Therehave been concerns around the sugar content of cereal and the food industrys involvementin pro-breakfast researchand even one claim from an academic that breakfast is dangerous.C Wh
115、ats the reality Is breakfast a necessary start to the dayor a marketingtactic bycereal panies The mostresearched aspect of breakfast (and breakfast-skipping) has been itslinks to obesity. Scientists have different theories as to why theres a relationship betweenthe two. In one US study that analyzed
116、 the health data of 50,000 people over seven years,researchers found that those who made breakfast the largest meal of the day were more likelyto have a lower body mass inde* (BMI) than those who ate a large lunch or dinner. The researchersargued that breakfast helps reduce daily calorie intake and
117、improve the quality of ourdietsince breakfast foods are often higher in fiber and nutrients.D But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the causeor ifbreakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin with.To find out,researchers designed a study in which 52 obes
118、e women took part in a 12-week weight loss program.All had the same number of calories over the day, but half had breakfast, while the other halfdid not.What they found was that it wasnt breakfast itself that caused the participants tolose weight: it was changing their normal routine.E If breakfast
119、alone isnt a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link between obesityand skipping breakfastAle*andra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the Universityof Aberdeen, argues that it may simply be because breakfast-skippers have been found to beless knowledgeable about nutrition and health
120、.There are a lot of studies on the relationshipbetween breakfast eating and possible health outes, but this may be because those who eatbreakfast choose to habitually have health-enhancing behaviors such as not smoking and regulare*ercise, she says.F A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the rela
121、tionship between breakfast and weightmanagement concluded there is limited evidence supporting or refuting the argument thatbreakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required before breakfastremendations can be used to help prevent obesity.G Researchers from the Universityof S
122、urrey and University of Aberdeen are halfway throughresearch looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body weight. Early.z-findings suggest that abigger breakfast is beneficialto weight control. Breakfasthas beenfound to affect more than just weight. Skipping breakfast has b
123、een associated with a 27%increased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher risk of type 2 diabetes men, and a 20% higherrisk of type 2 diabetes in women.One reason may be breakfasts nutritional valuepartlybecause cereal is fortified with vitamins. In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 youngpeopl
124、e in the UK, researchers found that the fiber and micronutrient intakewas better in thosewho had breakfast regularly. There have been similar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canadaand the US.H Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration andlanguage use. A review
125、 of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, thoughthe effects on other brain functions were inconclusive. However, one of the reviewsresearchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is reasonable evidence breakfast does improveconcentrationthere just needs to be more research.Looking
126、 at studies that testedconcentration, the number of studies showing a benefit was e*actly the same as the number thatfound no benefit,she says.And no studies found that eating breakfast was bad forconcentration.I Whats most important, some argue, is what we eat for breakfast. High-protein breakfasts
127、have been found particularly effective in reducing food and consumption later in the day,according to research by the Australian monwealth Scientific and Industrial ResearchOrganization.While cereal remains a firm favorite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US,a recent investigation into the su
128、gar content of adult breakfast cereals found that somecereals contain more than three quarters of the remended daily amount of free sugars in eachportion, and sugar was the second or third highest ingredient in cereals.J But some research suggests if were going to eat sugary foods, its best to do it
129、 early.One recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where half added dessertto their breakfast, and half didnt. Those who added dessert lost an average of 40 poundsmorehowever, the study was unable to show the long-term effects. A review of 54 studies foundthat there is no con
130、sensus yet on what type of breakfast is healthier, and concluded that thetype of breakfast doesnt matter as much as simply eating something.K While theres no conclusive evidence on e*actly what we sho uld be eating and when, theconsensus is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when were h
131、ungry. Breakfastis most important for people who are hungry when they wake up, Johnstonesays. Every bodystarts the day differentlyand those individual differencesneed to be researched more closely,Spitznagel says.A balanced breakfast is really helpful, but getting regular meals throughoutthe day is
132、more important to leave blood sugar stable through the day, which helps controlweight and hunger levels, says Elder, Breakfast isnt the only meal we should be gettingright.36. According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutritionand health.37. Some scientists claim
133、 that people should consume the right kind of food at breakfast.38. Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the day.39. It has been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incidence of certain diseasesin some countries.40. Researchers found it was a change in
134、eating habits rather than breakfast itself that induced.z-weight loss.41. To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what to eat.42. It is widely considered wrong not to eat breakfast.43. More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food
135、 intake.44. People who priorities breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher nutritional intake.45. Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memories and concentrate.Section CSection CDirectionsDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some ques
136、tionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.Passage OnePassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Qu
137、estions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Te*tbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in 2014. Te*tbookpublisher Pearson is the largest publisherof any kindin the world.It costs about $1 million to create a new te*tbook. A freshman te*tbook will have dozensof cont
138、ributors, from subject-matter e*perts through graphic and layout artists to e*pertreviewers and classroom testers. Te*tbook publishers connect professors, instructors andstudents in ways thatalternatives, such as Open E-Te*tbooks and OpenEducational Resources,simply do not. This connection happens n
139、ot only by means of collaborative development, reviewand testing, but also at conferences where faculty regularly decide on their te*tbooks andcurricula for the ing year.It is true that te*tbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to studentsrenting or buying used print te*tbooks.
140、But this can be chalked up to the e*orbitant cost oftheir bookswhich has increased over 1,000 percent since 1977. A reshuffling of the te*tbookindustry may well be in order. But this does not mean the end of the te*tbook itself.While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, te*tbooks are not passive o
141、r lifeless. Fore*ample, over the centuries, they have simulated dialogue in a number of ways. From 1800 tothe present day, te*tbooks have done this by posing questions for students to answer inductively.That means students are asked to use their individual e*perience to e up with answers to generalq
142、uestions. Todays psychology te*ts, for e*ample, ask: How much of your personality do youthink you inherited while ones in physics say: How can you predict where the ball you tossedwill landE*perts observe that te*tbooks e in layers, something like an onion. For the activelearner, engaging with a te*
143、tbook can be an interactive e*perience: Readers proceed at theirown pace. They customize their books by engaging with different layers and linkages.Highlighting, Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow for further customizationthat students value in print books over digital forms of books
144、.46. What does the passage say about open educational resourcesA) They contribute to teaching as much as to learning.B) They dont profit as much as traditional te*tbooks do.C) They cant connect professors and students as te*tbooks do.D) They pete fiercely for customers with te*tbook producers.47. Wh
145、at is the main cause of the publishers losses.z-A) Failure to meet student need.B) Industry restructuringC) Emergence of e-books.D) Falling sales.48. What does the te*tbook industry need to doA) Reform its structures.B) Cut its retail prices.C) Find replacements for printed te*tbooks.D)Changeitsbusi
146、nessstrategyperiodically.49. What are students e*pected to do in the learning processA) Think carefully before answering each question.B) Ask questions based on their own understanding.C) Answer questions using their personal e*perience.D) Give answers showing their respective personality.50. What d
147、o e*perts say about students using te*tbooksA) They can digitalize the prints easily.B) They can learn in an interactiveway.C) They can purchase customized versions.D)Theycanadaptthematerialthemselves.Passage TwoPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Questions 51 to 55 are
148、based on the following passage.When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them into twodistinct groups: one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food to make itsenergy. Well, those dividing lines e crashing down with the discovery of a sea slug that
149、istruly half animal and half plant. Its pretty incredible how it has managed to hijack thegenes of the algae on which it feeds.The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants that captures energyfrom sunlight, and hold these genes within their body. The term kleptoplasty is used t
150、o describethe practice of using hijacked genes to create nutrients from sunlight. And so far, this greensea slug is the only known animal that can be truly considered solar-powered, although someanimals do e*hibit some plant-like behaviors. Many scientists have studied the green sea slugsto confirm
151、that they are actually able to create energy from sunlight.In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well, they pass it on to their furthergenerations. The babies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, though they cantgenerate energy from sunlight until theyve eaten enough algae t
152、o steal the necessary genes,which they cant yet produce on their own.There is no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell, saysSidney Pierce from the University of South Florida. And yet here, they do. They allow theanimal to rely on sunshine for its nutrition. So if so
153、mething happens to their food source,they have a way of not starving to death until they find more algae to eat. The sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up to 9 monthswithout having to eat any food. They get all their nutritional needs met by the genes thattheyv
154、e hijacked from the algae.51. What is the distinctive feature of a sea slugA) It looks like both a plant and an animal.B) It converts some sea animals intoplants.C) It lives half on animals and half on plants.D) It gets energy from both food and.z-sunlight.52. What enables the sea slug to live like
155、a plantA) The genes it captures from the sea plant algae.B)Themechanismbywhichitconserves energy.C) The nutrients it hijacks from other species.D) The green pigment it inheritsfrom its ancestors.53. What does the author say about baby sea slugsA) They can live without sunlight for a long time.B) The
156、y can absorb sunlight right after their birth.C) They can survive without algae for quite some time.D) They can produce chlorophyll on their own.54. What does Sidney Pierce say about genes from an algaA) They are stolen from animals like the sea slug.B)Theycantfunctionunlesse*posed to sunlight.C) Th
157、ey dont usually function inside animal cells. D) They can readily be converted tosea slug genes.55. What do we learn about sea slugs from the passageA) They behave the way most plant species do.B) They can survive for months withouteating.C) They will turn into plants when they mature.D) They will s
158、tarve to death withoutsunlight.PartPart Translation (30 minutes) Translation (30 minutes)Directions:Directions:For this part, you are allowed30 minutesto translatea passagefrom ChineseintoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。 和睦的大家庭曾非常令人美慕。 过去四代同堂并不少见。 由于这个传统，许多年轻人
159、婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。 但他们之间的联系依然很密切。 许多老年人仍然帮着照看辈。 年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。20192019 年年 1212 月四级第三套月四级第三套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to writea letter to a foreign frienda letter
160、to a foreign friendwho wants to study in China. Please remend a university to him.who wants to study in China. Please remend a university to him.You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.听力同第二套听力同第二套PartPart Reading prehension (40 minutes)Reading prehension (40 minutes)Section AS
161、ection ADirections:Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to selectone word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.z-Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified
162、 by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Millions of
163、people travel by plane every single day. If youre planning on being one ofthem soon, you might not be looking forward to the 26 feeling air travel often leaves you with.Besides the airport crowds and stress, traveling at such a high altitude has real effectson the body. Although the pressure of the
164、cabin is 27 to prevent altitude sickness, you couldstill 28 sleepiness or a headache. The lower o*ygen pressure found in an aircraft cabin is29 to that at 6,000 to 8,000 feet of altitude. A drop in o*ygen pressure can cause headachesin certain 30 . To prevent headaches,drink plenty ofwater, and avoi
165、d alcohol and coffee.Airplane food might not really be as tasteless as you 31 thought. The air you breathein a plane dries out your mouth and nose, which can affect your sense of taste. Perceptionof sweet and salty foods dropped by almost 30 percent in a simulation of air travel. However,you can mak
166、e your taste buds active by drinking water. A dry mouth may 32 taste sensitivity,but taste is restored with fluids.Although in-flight infections 33 in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of gettingsick from an airplane is actually low because of the air 34 used. Unless youre sitting ne*tto so
167、meone who is coughing or sneezing, you shouldnt worry too much about getting sick.However, bacteria has been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so wash your hands 35 .A)adjustedF)frequentlyK)reduceB)channelsG)individualsL)renovatedC)equivalentH)originallyM)smoothD)e*perienceI)particularN)thriveE)filte
168、rsJ)primarilyO)unpleasantSection BSection BDirectionsDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toeach statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea paragraphmorethanon
169、ce.Eachparagraphis marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.A South Korean City Designed for the Future Takes on a Life of Its OwnA South Korean City Designed for the Future Takes on a Life of Its OwnA Getting around a city is one thingand then
170、theres the matter of getting from one cityto another. One vision of the perfect city of the future: a place that offers easy accessto air travel.In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasardapublished a book called Aerotropolis: The Way Well Live Ne*t. Kasarda says fut
171、ure citiesshould be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is tooffer businesses rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.B The 18th century really was a waterborne century, the 19th century a rail century, the20th century a highway,car, truck century an
172、d the 21st century will increasinglybe anaviation century, as the globe bees increasingly connected by air,Kasarda says. Songdo,a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasardas prime e*amples. It has e*isted.z-for just a few years.From the get-go, it was designed on the basis of connecti
173、vity andpetitiveness,says Kasada. The government built the bridge directly from the airportto the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was builtin tandem with the new airport.C Songdo is a stones throw from South Koreas Incheon Airport, its main internationalhub. Bu
174、t it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just buildinga place as an international business district doesnt mean it will bee one. Park YeonSoo conceived this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. I ama visionary, he says. Thirty years after he i
175、magined the city, Park s baby is closeto 70 percent built, with 36.000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residentsin greater Songdo. Its about an hour outside Seoul, built on reclaimed tidal flats alongthe Yellow Sea, Theres a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a
176、 park,golf course and university.D) Chances are youve actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music videoever to e out of South Korea. Gangnam Style refers to the fashionable Gangnam districtin Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo.I dont know if you remember, therewa
177、s a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo, saysJung Won Son, a professor of urban development at Londons Bartlett School of Planning,Part of the reason to shoot there is that its new and nice.E The city was supposed to be a hub for global panies, with employees fr
178、om all over the world.But hats not how it has turned out. Songdos reputation is as a futuristic ghost town.But the reality is more plicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into thebusiness district. In the centerof the main road, theres a long line of flags of theworld. On the corner, the
179、res a Starbucks and a 7-Elevenall of the international brandsthat you see all over the world nowadays.F The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing strollers, old women with walkersevenin the middle of the day, when its 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo realestate association and
180、 started selling property here when the first phase of the city openedin 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients areKorean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans.Young families move here because the schools are great. A
181、nd thats the problem: Songdohas bee a popular Korean city more popular as a residential area than a business one.Its not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. It sa great place to live. And it s being a great place to work, says Scott Summers, thevice president of Gal
182、e International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceilingwindows of his pany s offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of kayaksand paddle boats. Shimmering glass towers line the canals edge.G Whats happened is, because we focused on creating that q uality of life first, which
183、enabled the residents to live here, what has probably missed the mark is for panies tolocate here, he says. There needs to be strong economic incentives. The city is stillunfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesnt feel all that futuristic.Theres a high-tech underground trash disposa
184、l system. Buildings are environmentallyfriendly. Everybodys television set is connected to a system that streams personalizedlanguage or e*ercise classes.z-H But Star Trek this is not. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. Im, like,in prison for weekdays. Thats what we call it in the wo
185、rkplace, says a woman in her20s. She doesnt want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes backto Seoul every weekend. I say Im prison -breaking on Friday nights. But she has tomake the prison break in her own car. Theres no high-speed train connecting Songdo toSeoul, just over
186、20 miles away.I The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated, too. Park says he built South Koreaa lu*ury vehicle, like Mercedes or BMW. Its a good car now. But were waiting for agood driver to accelerate.But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The worldis dotted with futuristic,
187、 high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest internationalpaniesJ Songdos backers contend that its still early, and business space is filling upabout70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design atMIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. There have be
188、en a lot of utopian citiesin history. And the reason we don t know about a lot of them is that a lot of them havevanished entirely. In other words, when it es to cities or anything elseit is hardto predict the future.36. Songdos popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attractio
189、n.37. The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of hise*pectations.38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.40. Airplanes will increasingly bee the chief me
190、ans of transportation, according to aprofessor.41. Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.42. Some of the people who work in Songdo plain about boredom in the workplace.43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to internationaltransportation.
191、44. Acording to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee whathappen in the future.45. Park Yeon So. Who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.Section CSection CDirectionsDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed b
192、y some questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.Passage OnePassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following
193、 passage.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda ta* proposal that will levy 1.5cents per liquid ounce on distributors.Philadelphias new measure was approvedby a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new barfor similar initiativ
194、es across the county. It is proof that ta*es on sugary drinks can winsubstantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully passand implement a soda ta* was Berkeley, California, in 2014.z-The ta* will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with a
195、dded sugar,such as Gatorade and iced teas. Its e*pected to raise $410 million over the ne*t five years,most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents tothe measure, including
196、soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge theta* in court.The ta* passed today unfairly singles out beveragesincluding low- and no-caloriechoices, said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. But mostimportantly, it is against the law. So we will side wi
197、th the majority of the people ofPhiladelphia who oppose this ta* and take legal action to stop it.An industry backed anti-ta* campaign has spentat least $4 million on advertisements. Theads criticized the measure. characterizing it as agrocery ta*.Public health groups applauded the approved ta* as a
198、 step toward fi*ing certain lastinghealth issues that plague Americans. The move to recapture a small part of the profits froman industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease inpoorer munities in order to reinvest in those munities will sure be inspirational
199、to many otherplaces, said Jim Krieger, e*ecutive director of Healthy Food America. Indeed, we are alreadyhearing from some of them. Its not just Berkeley anymore.Similar measures in Californias Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorados Boulderare being hot-button issues Health advocacy groups hav
200、e hinted that even more might be ing.46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda ta* in PhiladelphiaA) It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.B) It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.C) It will cut soda consumption among low-ine munities.D)It may influence the marke
201、ting strategies of the soda business.47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda ta* proposalA) Bargain with the city council.B) Refuse to pay additional ta*.C) Take legal action against it.D) Try to win public support.48. What did the industry-backed anti-ta* campaign do about th
202、e soda ta* proposalA) It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.B) It tried to win grocers support against the measure.C) It kept sending letters of protest to the media.D) It criticized the measure through advertising.49. What did public health groups think the soda ta* would doA) Alert p
203、eople to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.B) Help people to fi* certain long-time health issues.C) Add to the fund for their research on diseases.D) Benefit low-ine people across the country.50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda ta* in some other citiesA) They are being r
204、ather sensitive issues.B) They are spreading panic in the soda industry.C) They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.D)They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry.Passage Two.z-Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Popping food into the microwave for a c
205、ouple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, butEuropes stock of these quick -cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars,a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliancesbeing status items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average
206、 of eight years.This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are e*pected to reach 135 million annually inthe EU by the end of the decade.A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2the main greenhousegas responsible for climate change at every stage of microwaves, from m
207、anufacture to wastedisposal. It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on theenvironment, say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study,efforts to re
208、duce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. Fore*ample, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cookingto the type of food.However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves usea great deal of
209、 energy, their emissions are minor pared to those from cars. In the UK alone,there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backingthis up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2in 2015.This is 10 times the amount this
210、 new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions forall the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than anyother from of cooking. Among mon kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the mostenergy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a stan
211、dard oven. Thus, rising microwave salescould be seen as a positive thing.51. What is the finding of the new studyA) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have bee more popular.B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.2C) CO emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.D) The use
212、 of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.52. Why are the sales of microwaves e*pected to riseA) They are being more affordable.B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.C) They are getting much easier to operate.D) They take less time to cook than other appliances.53. What remen
213、dation does the study by the University of Manchester makeA) Cooking food of different varieties.B) Improving microwave users habits.C) Eating less to cut energy consumption.D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.54. What does Professor David Reay try to argueA) There are far more emissions from c
214、ars than from microwaves.B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.C) The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwavesA) It will bee l
215、ess popular in the ing decades.z-B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.C) It plays a positive role in environmental protection.D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking.PartPart Translation (30 minutes) Translation (30 minutes)Directions:Directions:For this part, you are allowed30 minutesto translatea passagefrom ChineseintoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后。千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为代么样的人， 或者期望他们过什么样的生活。 父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。.z
