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1、 眼的常用检查及操作z 主主 讲讲 ：程晓：程晓亮亮Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. （一）视功能检查视力视野色觉暗适应立体视觉对比敏感度视功能检查视觉心理物理学检查视觉电生理检查三 眼科常用检查视功能检查眼压检查特殊检查Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20
2、04-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1、视力：、视力：即视锐度即视锐度 。 指辨别最小物象的能力。 黄斑中心凹对物体相邻两点的分辨能力。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.视力检查分为：远视力和近视力检查。视力检查分为：远视力和近视力检查。视视力力检检查查远视力：远视力：检查方法：国际通用视力表（掌握） 检查距离：5.0m 正常视力标准：1.0 1.0行与被检眼等高。近视力：近视力：检查方法：标
3、准近视力表 检查距离：30cmEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（1）远视力检查）远视力检查 1）检查方法：国际视力表）检查方法：国际视力表Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.光定位：在被检眼前光定位：在被检眼前1
4、米处移动光源，米处移动光源，9个方向。个方向。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2）记录方法）记录方法 正常视力标准为正常视力标准为1.0。 若在若在5m处处 指数记录方法：从指数记录方法：从1m开始逐渐移近。如指数开始逐渐移近。如指数/40cm； 手动记录方法：手动记录方法： 如手动如手动/20cm； 光感记录方法：从光感记录方法：从5m逐渐移近。记录最远距离。如光感逐渐移近。记录最远距离。如光感/5
5、m. 光定位记录方法：光定位记录方法：9个方向，个方向，p17图。图。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.先右后左，先健眼后患眼。先右后左，先健眼后患眼。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（2）近视力检查）近视力检
6、查Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.z近视力检查法用物准备检查距离：检查距离：30cmEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.n视野：黄斑注视点以外的视力。即眼球向正前方 固视不动时，除看清注视点外，同时看到 的空间范
7、围。n中心视野：注视点30以内的范围；n周边视野：30以外的范围。 2 视野检查视野检查55鼻 60 70 90 颞下上正常视野Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.正常视野正常视野Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.
8、对比法弧形视野计法动态检查周边视野平面视野计法动态检查中心视野Goldmann半球形定量视野计半球形定量视野计周边、中心自动视野计静态定量视野计检查方法中心视野Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.平面视野计Goldmann半球形定量视野计Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyri
9、ght 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.z自动视野计Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.病理性视野改变：病理性视野改变： 向心性缩小向心性缩小 不规则局限性周边视野缩小不规则局限性周边视野缩小 偏盲性缺损偏盲性缺损 暗点暗点暗点暗点直直Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.
10、0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.z定义：视网膜黄斑区的辩色能力z色觉障碍病因：性连锁隐形遗传z色觉障碍分类：色弱 色盲z检查方法：最常用色盲检查图，即-色盲本。z FM-100试验、D-15色盘试验、色觉镜z临床意义：3、色觉检查Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NE
11、T 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.检查注意事项：见书检查注意事项：见书p18视力视力0.5Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-
12、2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4、暗适应检查（1）定义（2）变化规律：（3）临床意义Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.7、视觉电生理检查z原理：视觉电生理仪测定视网膜受
13、到光刺激 时，在视觉系统中产生的生物电活动， 以了解视觉系统的功能及相关疾病z眼电图(EOG)z视网膜电图(ERG)z视觉诱发电位(VEP)Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(二)、眼压测量(见录像）z指触眼压测量法：检查方法 记录方法：正常Tnz眼压计测量法: 压陷眼压计：Schiotz眼压计 正常眼压1.3-2.8kpa(10.-21.mmHg) 压平眼压计： Goldman压平眼压计 非接触式压平
14、眼压计Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Schiotz眼压计非接触式眼压计Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(三)、特殊检查（了解）2、裂隙灯显微镜检查z弥散照明法z直接照明法z角膜缘照明法z后部照明法z镜面反射
15、照明法z间接照明法Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.7、萤光素眼底血管造影z检查方法z原理z临床应用：眼底视网膜血管病变z注意事项：过敏，心、肝、肾、血液系统疾病 视网膜中央动脉阻塞（充盈延迟）Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose
16、Pty Ltd.z四 常用护理诊断 1 疼痛 2 感知改变 3 潜在并发症 4 自理缺陷 5 便秘 6 睡眠形态紊乱 7 有感染的危险 8 功能障碍性悲哀 9 恐惧 10 知识缺乏 11 焦虑 12 组织完整性受损Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.正常动脉与静脉管径之比为2；3 C/D表示生理杯和视盘的比值。C/D比值的正常范围：0.3mm以下 不超过0.5 杯盘比： C/D是指视杯占视盘面积的比例 。
17、杯盘比（C/D）是指视乳头直径与其中 的小凹的直径之比。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.视盘：正常视盘略呈椭圆形、淡红色、边界清楚，中央呈漏斗形凹陷，色泽稍淡，称为生理凹陷。
18、 视网膜中央动、静脉：动脉呈鲜红色，静脉呈暗红色，动脉与静脉管径之比为2：3 ； 黄斑部：位于眼球后极视乳头颞侧缘的22.5PD(视盘直径)处，略偏下方，大小约一个视盘或稍大，无血管，其中心有一针尖大的反光点称中心凹光反射。 视网膜：视网膜正常时透明，眼底呈均匀的深桔红色，当有脉络膜血管透见时，则形成豹纹状眼底。眼底检查正常值眼底检查正常值 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4眼底检查记录；为说明和记录
19、眼底病变的部位及其大小范围通常以视神经乳头，视网膜中央动、静脉行径黄斑部为标志，表明病变部与这些标志的位置距离和方向关系。距离和范围大小，一般以视神经乳头直径PD(1PD=15mm)为标准计算。记录病变隆起或凹陷程度，是以看清病变区周围视网膜面与看清病变隆起最高处或凹陷最低处的屈光度(D)差来计算，每差3个屈光度(3D)等于1mm。 眼底检查法眼底检查法百科百科 百科名片 百科名片 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose P
20、ty Ltd.眼底检查时第一眼看到的就是生理杯，也就是视神经乳头。C/D表示生理杯和视盘的比值。在开角型青光眼患者生理杯扩大并加深，C/D值增大，如果超过0.6，或者两眼比较相差0.2，那么首先就要考虑是否患有青光眼的可能。 C/D比值的正常范围：0.3mm以下。杯盘比：是指视杯占视盘面积的比例 。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.7、视觉电生理检查Evaluation only.Created wit
21、h Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011
22、Aspose Pty Ltd.z近视力检查法用物准备Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for
23、 .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.补充：色
24、盲检查法Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profi
25、le 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4、暗适应检查Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Cre
26、ated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20
27、04-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（2）泪器：包括泪腺、泪点、泪囊）泪器：包括泪腺、泪点、泪囊泪器检查可用泪道冲洗法。见第三节泪器检查可用泪道冲洗法。见第三节Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（3）结膜）结膜Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（5）眼底检查）眼底检查 通过直接、间接检眼镜检查。通过直接、间接检眼镜检查。 对玻璃体、脉络膜、视网膜、对玻璃体、脉络膜、视网膜、 视乳头进行检查。视乳头进行检查。 正常眼底图正常眼底图视盘（视乳头）视盘（视乳头）Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.
