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1、 句句子子结结构构分分类类简单句简单句SimpleSentences含有一个主语(或并含有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子并列谓语)的句子并列句并列句CompoundSentences包含两个或两个以上包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词间有并列连词and/but等或等或用分号连接用分号连接复合句复合句ComplexSentences包含一个主句和一个包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子,且从句用从属句的句子,且从句用从属连词引导连词引导2021/7/2312021/7/232 英
2、语句子有长有短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下:英语五种基本句型列式如下: 基本句型一:基本句型一: + (主谓)(主谓) 基本句型二:基本句型二: + + (主系表)
3、(主系表) 基本句型三:基本句型三: + + (主谓宾)(主谓宾) 基本句型四:基本句型四: + +IO +(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾) 基本句型五:基本句型五: + + +(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)2021/7/2331.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语(表语( S+Link.V+P ) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、类属、状态、身份的上一个表明主语特征、类属、状态、身份的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动
4、词叫做连系动词。这类动词叫做连系动词。最常见的是最常见的是bebe动词,动词,bebe本身没有什么本身没有什么意义意义, ,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。系动词仍保持其部分词义。2021/7/234 其其 它它系系 动词动词状态:状态:seem, appear, prove - 感官:感官:smell, feel, taste, sound, look -变化:变化:become, get, turn, go, come, grow - 持续:持续:remain, stay, keep, continue -2021/7/235(系动词)(系动
5、词)(表语表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisfaceissmells(闻闻)feltlooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.2021/7/236beautifulsurprisedtoareseemswent Correct mistakes:1. Her voice sounds beautifully.2. The whole compa
6、ny was surprising at the news. 3. To see is believe.4. It seem like a good idea.5. The lights still on.6. All the potatoes changed bad.7. Jim was remained a worker.2021/7/237巩固练习:巩固练习:1冬季白天短,夜晚长冬季白天短,夜晚长2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保持安静。安静。 4她的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter, t
7、he days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.2021/7/2385他失业了。他失业了。 6树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了黄了7这个报告这个报告听起来听起来很有意思很有意思He is out of work. The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds
8、interesting2021/7/2391. As in China, the weather is different from area to area.主系表句型主系表句型的几个特例:的几个特例:2. We are greatly surprised to meet him there.3. It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.4. It is kind of you to say so.5. It is not easy for them to go there by bike.6. Is it To
9、m who is playing the piano?7. It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.2021/7/23102.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 ( S + Vi. )Our school lies in the center of Jinshi.注:注:不及物动词不能用于被动语态。不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 The car accident was happened yesterday.2021/7/23111.Theredsunrises.2.ThelargeroomonthesecondfloorisMarys.2.Thereds
10、unrisesin the east.ThemanagerhadalreadyleftwhenItelephoned.主语可有修饰语主语可有修饰语-定语定语谓语可有修饰语谓语可有修饰语-状语状语本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常常用来表示主语的动作。用来表示主语的动作。如:如:Thesunrises.2021/7/2312翻译练习:翻译练习:1.你应当努力学习。你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。5.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大在过去的
11、十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。的变化。Youshouldstudyhard.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.2021/7/23133.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语(宾语(S+Vt+O) I like my job very much. What do you want to be in the future ? Each
12、 of you has a dream . 注:及物动词可用于被动语态注:及物动词可用于被动语态A great deal of water is used by people in that city.People use a great deal of water in that city.(主动语态主动语态)(被动语态被动语态)2021/7/2314主谓宾结构主谓宾结构2S十十V十十O句式句式2此结构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组此结构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种分两种情况情况:1.及物动词及物动词+副词,副词,2.不及物动词不及物动词+介词。介词。1.含有含有away,out,forw
13、ard,up等副词的动词词等副词的动词词组是可拆分的。如,组是可拆分的。如,Theycarriedouttheplansuccessfully.(或(或Theycarriedtheplanoutsuccessfully.但:但:Astheplanwaspractical,theycarrieditoutsuccessfully.动副词组都可以这样用,如,动副词组都可以这样用,如,pointout(指出)(指出),carryout(执行)(执行),putforward(提出)(提出),workout(做出,算出)(做出,算出),findout(找出)(找出),giveup(放(放弃)弃),giv
14、eaway(赠送,分发)(赠送,分发),pickup(拣起)(拣起),putup(挂上)(挂上),等。等。2021/7/23152.而含有介词而含有介词at,for,from,into,of,with,to等等的动介词组是不可拆分的。的动介词组是不可拆分的。如,如,lookafter(照顾)(照顾),lookat(瞧)(瞧),lookfor(寻找)(寻找),belongto(属于)(属于),referto(参考,(参考,提及)提及),thinkof(考虑,评价)(考虑,评价),sendfor(派人(派人去请)去请),carefor(喜欢)(喜欢),sufferfrom(受(受之苦)之苦),de
15、alwith(对付,应付对付,应付),objectto(反对)(反对),payfor(付(付的钱)的钱),等。等。即我们只能说即我们只能说thinkofit,不能说不能说thinkitof.2021/7/23163.in在动词词组中用作副词,表示在动词词组中用作副词,表示“在里面在里面”,“往里进往里进”,“在家在家”等意思。等意思。如,如,getin(收割收割),handin(提交,交进)。(提交,交进)。用作介词,表示用作介词,表示“在在地点地点”,“在在范围范围”,“在在方面方面”。如,如,persistin(坚持坚持),succeedin(在在成功成功)。2021/7/23174.Of
16、f在动词词组中在动词词组中用作副词,表示用作副词,表示“关闭关闭”,“隔离,离开隔离,离开”,“去掉去掉”,等意思。,等意思。如,如,turnoff(关掉)(关掉),switchoff(关掉)(关掉),ringoff(挂断电话)(挂断电话),keepoff(远离)(远离),takeoff(脱掉)脱掉),kickoff(踢脱)(踢脱),carryoff(运走)(运走),putoff(推迟)(推迟),payoff(付清)(付清),giveoff(放出(放出).用作介词,表示用作介词,表示“从从下来下来”。如,如,getoff(下车)(下车),falloff(从(从掉下来)掉下来).2021/7/2
17、3185.On在动词词组中用作副词,表示在动词词组中用作副词,表示“开开”,“走开走开”,“传递传递”,“穿戴穿戴”。如,如,turnon(开开),moveon(走开)(走开),passon(传递)(传递),puton(穿上)(穿上),haveon(穿着)(穿着).1.表示表示“在在上上”,“在在方面方面”。如,如,workon(从事于(从事于),operateon(在(在上动手术)上动手术),agreeon(同意)。(同意)。2.表示表示“上车,上船,上上车,上船,上”,如如,geton(上车,上船)(上车,上船),rideon(骑上)。(骑上)。3.表示表示“依靠依靠”,“以以为基础为基础
18、”,“按照按照”,如,如,dependon(依靠)(依靠),baseon(以(以为基础)为基础),feedon(以(以为食)为食),liveon(以(以为生计)为生计).用作介词用作介词2021/7/23196.Over在动词词组中用作副词,在动词词组中用作副词,1)表示)表示“翻转翻转”,“翻倒翻倒”,如,如,turnover(打翻,翻倒)(打翻,翻倒),pushover(推倒)(推倒).2)表示)表示“过一遍过一遍”,“仔细仔细”,“遍及遍及”,如,如,thinkover(仔细考虑)(仔细考虑),lookover(仔细(仔细查看,研究)查看,研究).用作介词,用作介词,1)表示)表示“从上
19、越过从上越过”,如,如,flyover(从上飞过)(从上飞过),jumpover(从上跳过)(从上跳过).goover(越过,横过越过,横过)。2)表示)表示“为了为了”,“由于由于”,如,如,quarrelover(为(为争吵)争吵),cryover(因(因哭泣)哭泣).3)表示)表示“查看查看”,“复习复习”,“检查检查”,goover2021/7/2320附:附:许多由及物动词许多由及物动词+名词名词+介词构成的三词动介词构成的三词动词词组也要跟宾语词词组也要跟宾语,如:,如:payattentionto(注意)(注意),catchholdof(抓住,(抓住,握住)握住),catchsi
20、ghtof(看见,发现)(看见,发现),doharmto(对(对有害)有害),getridof(排除,除去)(排除,除去),makefunof(取笑,嘲笑)(取笑,嘲笑),put(ones)heartinto(专心于(专心于),sayhelloto(打招呼)(打招呼),singpraisefor(赞扬,表扬)(赞扬,表扬),takecareof(照顾)(照顾),takepartin(参加)(参加),takepridein(以(以自豪,自豪,骄傲)。骄傲)。2021/7/23211.Is this raincoat yours? No, mine_ there behind the door.A
21、. is hanging B. is hung B. C. hangs D. was hung Exercises:2. _ your head, and youll see the sun_ now. A. Raise; rising B. Raise; raising C. C. To raise, rising D. D. Lift; being risen 2021/7/2322 3. More than a dozen students in that school_ abroad to study medicine last year. (2005年上海)年上海) A. sent
22、B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent4. The heros story_ differently in the newspaper. (2005年全国年全国I、II) A. was reported B. was reporting C. Reports D. reported2021/7/2323翻译练习:翻译练习:1.我不信任那个人。我不信任那个人。2.他指出了我的作文中的错误。他指出了我的作文中的错误。3.圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。4.你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。Idontbel
23、ievein(介介)thatman.Hepointedout(副)(副)themistakesinmycomposition.OnChristmasDay,wewillcallon(介)(介)ourforeignteachers.Youmusthandin(副)(副)yourexercise-booksafterclass.2021/7/23244.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 (S+Vt+Oi+Od) Who can find the eraser for me? Pass the eraser to me. bring, give, lend, hand,
24、 offer, pass, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask, buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, sing, save等。等。常跟双宾语的动词:常跟双宾语的动词:Who can find me the eraser?Pass me the eraser.2021/7/2325翻译练习:翻译练习:1.Johnson先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。2.2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事3.3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。把钱包交给校长了。4.4.请把那本字典递给我好
25、吗?请把那本字典递给我好吗?5.5.他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.2021/7/2326 We saw him jump into the box.We saw them dancing.We saw him knocked down.5
26、.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补(S+Vt+O+C) 注:可用作宾补的词有:名词、形容词、注:可用作宾补的词有:名词、形容词、 副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。2021/7/2327Exercises:1.Dont leave the water_ while 2. you brush your teeth. (2004年天津)年天津) A. run B. running C. being run D. to run2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_
27、often enough. (2005年天津)年天津) A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained2021/7/23283. My daughter encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills.(2004年北京)年北京) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take4. Is Bob still performing? Im afraid not. He is said_ the stag
28、e already as he has become an official.(2005年江苏)年江苏) A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left2021/7/2329翻译练习翻译练习1.我们叫她我们叫她Alice.2.他的父母给他取名为他的父母给他取名为John.3.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。4.他们把门推开了。他们把门推开了。5.他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。6.我们要使学校变得更美丽。我们要使学校变得更美丽。WecallherAlice.Hisparentsnamedhim
29、John.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.Theypushedthedooropen.Theyhavesetthethieffree.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.2021/7/2330简简单单句句的的基基本本句句型型1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语 +直接宾语直接宾语5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语 +宾宾 语补足语语补足语Summary2021/7/2331 Consolidation: Choose a topic and write a short passage: 1. My Hometown 2. My Family 3. My School Life2021/7/23322021/7/2333