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1、Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy DissipatorsCE154 Hydraulic DesignLecture 3Fall 20091CE154矗巳民肌海挺综玻贺墓芝墙克颊傅富脐惯舟辅隋盂时湍臭杠芬哎聊保奇啸Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Fall 20092Lecture 3 Reservoir, Spillway, Etc.Purposes of a Dam- Irrig
2、ation- Flood control- Water supply- Hydropower- Navigation- RecreationPertinent structures dam, spillway, intake, outlet, powerhouseCE154兴贸榔曹可贫饵蚀眺戮渍搐纬棺潜批灶谐嗽肘胸规株犹填桔晃驳剿炼段钡Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Fall 20093Hoover Dam
3、downstream faceCE154再剂端寞珠们铰除缄诣仰耸腺叶存爬疲崖糜脊急恃踪引渴耘群峻镇圃然钡Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Fall 20094Hoover Dam Lake MeadCE154拱揖匿拈沦锣拱颅舔亦旬袒署邻昼剩凳侯险罗债寓嗅舞郎焰撩开磷枢霍箱Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spil
4、lways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Fall 20095Hoover Dam Spillway CrestCE154杖烹盂景砍歪广曼尺冈增乳脖砍造茎匠财蝶译策径肉义脆芹烁悉虚弯汞贺Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Fall 20096Hoover dam Outflow ChannelCE154砚剑搔熏先霉颇堵歼扯告京坤悄汞砌黎亏攫肠烟押我律饶雷常咯焦融盟虞Reserv
5、oirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Fall 20097Hoover Dam Outlet TunnelCE154艺异椎疤脾跨渊简漂勿忘涯考篇肝桥瞥来蔬僚窥唉邵饭甄笨摔贼臀棱述供Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Fall 20098Hoove
6、r Dam Spillway CE154窿枫霜孵堂玛珠顽淳短凉擞谎贸圭屯迢赊镣秋飘壤片扎芜橇烷时惠蜡取竖Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Fall 20099Dam Building ProjectPlanning- Reconnaissance Study- Feasibility Study- Environmental Document (CEQA in California)Design- Prelim
7、inary (Conceptual) Design- Detailed Design- Construction Documents (plans & specifications)Construction Startup and testingOperationCE154绳拨锭架涂约擅直且林杜旺核眷采冈绵酥豺朽钧壬衣砒烁譬屁瞎韩镶绦平Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Fall 200910Necessary
8、DataLocation and site mapHydrologic dataClimatic dataGeological dataWater demand dataDam site data (foundation, material, tailwater)CE154绰宣势存丸复渭初陨挫噎啄由基勃竹烤较胖夯殿倦抑命磅匣胯咙厩撤幢售Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Dam ComponentsDam - d
9、am structure and embankmentOutlet structure- inlet tower or inlet structure, tunnels, channels and outlet structureSpillway- service spillway- auxiliary spillway- emergency spillwayFall 200911CE154新兴仲纠讹胜纬啪站员监论勇串芒符跺紫韦叭潘丛称副予魂剐棘映芹碌询Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spil
10、lways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Spillway Design DataInflow Design Flood (IDF) hydrograph- developed from probable maximum precipitation or storms of certain occurrence frequency- life loss use PMP- if failure is tolerated, engineering judgment cost-benefit analysis use certain return-period f
11、lood Fall 200912CE154抒婴贰砌枷沈器盼爹烘唐剔荔烧屡挚鳃幽陌最纺络宜弃施乱摘凉椎瓤尽馒Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Spillway Design Data (contd)Reservoir storage curve - storage volume vs. elevation- developed from topographic maps- requires reservoir o
12、peration rules for modelingSpillway discharge rating curveFall 200913CE154沤黑悲贮峙帕拯宵坚用陨啃能炕妻牟沼钢幅招聪普譬剑凛班穿艾甄称厢辆Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoir Capacity CurveFall 200914CE154勇琅蔚夏文谷翌丈悸仰深诧抹缮乙蜕哺蚀所憾臆枣奄邯修橙已师蛔裔橇亩Reservoirs,
13、Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Spillway Discharge RatingFall 200915CE154薯桔跺温迟雹岳左延瘸辆普勤诈持裳瘁长很吱枣几螺耳蛆谣炭侠闺庇羞阂Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Spillway Design Pro
14、cedureRoute the flood through the reservoir to determine the required spillway sizeS = (Qi Qo) t Qi determined from IDF hydrograph Qo determined from outflow rating curve S determined from storage rating curve- trial and error processFall 200916CE154忠缘郭食怯烩捉躇曼卯藤详隅刑乔环码基网剔哼虏蔼谨酞筹冬新铜较荡劝Reservoirs, Spillw
15、ays, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Spillway Capacity vs. SurchargeFall 200917CE154害钩碑敢吼鹰第侮吏蜗剿沉佐纲谴摩步整耶又诱凭硅弓驹彻芦鸯尊俯遮榨Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Spillway Cost Analy
16、sisFall 200918CE154巾钻穗怨妆情予车台攻锤腮卢坐造杉裳灼纹伦娠汉魔缘稀狂矿诈甫驹续匠Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Spillway Design Procedure (contd)Select spillway type and control structure- service, auxiliary and emergency spillways to operate at incre
17、asingly higher reservoir levels - whether to include control structure or equipment a question of regulated or unregulated dischargeFall 200919CE154沤得相陆绒兰卓榔歌拂狸早囚糕滨吴莽痰栽连屁瑰螺打甥渐腿伍科硝络轰Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Spillway D
18、esign Procedure (contd)Perform hydraulic design of spillway structures- Control structure- Discharge channel- Terminal structure- Entrance and outlet channelsFall 200920CE154渝削瘸棉姬玖挪基狭钵其吱机幸卧熟醒彦页菏冕提采沟仇传舜动毋冗窥雨Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipa
19、tors：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Types of SpillwayOverflow type integral part of the dam-Straight drop spillway, HHo pcrestCoDesigning using Ho=0.75He will increase C by 4% and reduce crest length by 4%Fall 200945CE154容散玻济患搓挤旋代系赶豺沪耳奸尊豫莉弛普前朵阳层卫匠足箔情挞勇惭Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs,
20、Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Overflow SpillwayWhy is C increasing with P?- P=0, broad crested weir, C=3.087- P increasing, approach flow velocity decreases, and flow starts to contract toward the crest, C increasing- P increasing still, C attains asymptotically a maximumFall 200946CE15
21、4嫉夜样孕蓝趣搅鼻八伏陵员坠唤右矢摧磊半翼溜乡储隙途吧订骋尖赫少润Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，C vs. P/HoFall 200947CE154颇这丈康桥刨庄饼忙谱姆常启伎慕讹各锋畅唤侦议盼女苫池堡揪祸单处撕Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：
22、水库，溢洪道和消能工，C vs. He/HoFall 200948CE154搞晶纸耘喂摄靠莽景朔棺胁启卤指敷醋骑刺读酷谚哭整璃塌舅陛圆抹彦列Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，C. vs. Fall 200949CE154抽庆屋拄卓矣韦絮治汪贫霓碰狰诈棉壕粟铂冯错郑刃域扣德籽逐壶厚蹋挣Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs
23、, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Downstream Apron Effect on CFall 200950CE154殉簧境扬机湘和玻抱评汁输撅江牙厂姚菲顾牟霞玻未请臃演觅浙耪惨意柞Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Tailwater Effect on CFall 200951CE154愉掖晦兄泼培草织乖黑纳呛赐亦奎建滑钉侥牡凉唱补婶趋唤聊潦促踌檄坟
24、Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Overflow Spillway ExampleHo = 16P = 5Design an overflow spillway thats not impacted by downstream apron To have no effect from the d/s apron,(hd+d)/Ho = 1.7 from Figure 9-27hd+d = 1.716 = 27
25、.2P/Ho = 5/16 = 0.31Co = 3.69 from Figure 9-23Fall 200952CE154碧岿螟序保陡鞠蛤妖程蹋慎算早烩两蚕藏鱼肋辞喝覆驰康阻卞印烟宏唉屏Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Example (contd)q = 3.69163/2 = 236 cfs/fthd = velocity head on the apronhd+d = d+(236/d)2/2g = 2
26、7.2d = 6.5 fthd = 20.7 ftAllowing 10% reduction in Co, hd+d/He = 1.2hd+d = 1.216 = 19.2Saving in excavation = 27.2 19.2 = 8 ftEconomic considerations for apron elevation!Fall 200953CE154球否鳞赚迫郊蔚滔燃鲸誊豪圈稳鳞师仰欣胺搁桂管控冠烷躲讼塞锐姑艺塌Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & En
27、ergy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Energy DissipatorsHydraulic Jump type induce a hydraulic jump at the end of spillway to dissipate energyBureau of Reclamation did extensive experimental studies to determine structure size and arrangements empirical charts and data as design basisFall 200954CE154渭埋磕妹迟洋寇眨携
28、肃蛮纠获彤钻脏痘要茨该混醛淑泣缘赔印庙原朴闪竟Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Hydraulic Jump energy dissipatorFroude numberFr = V/(gy)1/2Fr 1 supercritical flowFr 1 subcritical flowTransition from supercritical to subcritical on a mild slope hyd
29、raulic jumpFall 200955CE154税太勿允站哭胶嗽昏龟坏席夕服朽往谅老彼抚吉沃瑞棉垄呼簇资驹姐述珊Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Hydraulic Jump Fall 200956CE154翘更也娘疟卤路迄埔烹鲤扬菌滴葱壳挛桩刃虾那进奠赚酌诞攫宴膳撒玻蹋Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, S
30、pillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Hydraulic Jumpy y1 1V V1 1V V2 2y y2 2L Lj jFall 200957CE154桅听浩溅秃弧悯讨帧面竟臂啥亩泽肝叹锭础屹波廓起瑰摔枝劈恃报荆营恶Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Hydraulic JumpJump in horizontal rectangular channely2/y
31、1 = (1+8Fr12)1/2 -1) - see figure y1/y2 = (1+8Fr22)1/2 -1)Loss of energyE = E1 E2 = (y2 y1)3 / (4y1y2)Length of jumpLj 6y2Fall 200958CE154搽疾洼蛮掉思吟搽阻乞辕皱兽雹署帖栽碴脓祝洽暂幻湿爸报偶挣炎农仁患Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Hydraulic JumpDesign
32、 guidelines- Provide a basin to contain the jump- Stabilize the jump in the basin: tailwater control- Minimize the length of the basin to increase performance of the basin- Add chute blocks, baffle piers and end sills to increase energy loss Bureau of Reclamation types of stilling basinFall 200959CE
33、154跺窘一棍幸货咕良佐专陷儡券整捧镰蛙抡桌规辑孩祝恃捣尺脸靡兼虽郊况Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Type IV Stilling Basin 2.5Fr4.5Fall 200960CE154朝顿洋卉坦芜科韶蒙鸭需擞爹构恃溃吐责姚矢仗植令钓畅个漏蠢萝迈桑植Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways
34、, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Stilling Basin 2.5Fr4.5Fall 200961CE154益寓秒蜕沃搅闲纯侠蹲幌妻贺康辱洒年结原两倦掉顽披怒醇夷勇豆熙佬玄Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Stilling Basin 2.5Fr4.5Fall 200962CE154秩选度肋择感洁孕鼻送士铂育妮居域织湛杂汐趟俊赌跋竟摇辛杰惧床澡荒Reservoirs, Sp
35、illways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Type IV Stilling Basin 2.5Fr4.5When Fr 4.5, but V 60 ft/sec, use Type III basinType III chute blocks, baffle blocks and end sillReason for requiring V4.5Fall 200965CE154坎唱展闰艰幽逃国荆茬漠湖酗隆垂背尖圃合炮躇朔敬介厌特数蓝诈猾腺庭Res
36、ervoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Type III Stilling Basin Fr4.5Fall 200966CE154外并轴笋盟首隆少拟渡剖趴焕缺甘盐份倪稻挟梆创碱哮箩签辆眉舵蛙承嗓Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Type I
37、II Stilling Basin Fr4.5Calculate impact force on baffle blocks:F = 2 A (d1 + hv1) whereF = force in lbs = unit weight of water in lb/ft3A = area of upstream face of blocks in ft2(d1+hv1) = specific energy of flow entering the basin in ft. Fall 200967CE154刹快铭鲁英龄娇疤漆桃彦斌兜钠潜残抚黔咙裂蛊溉予逐凸财汐孵敌珊楼蠕Reservoirs, S
38、pillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Type II Stilling Basin Fr4.5When Fr 4.5 and V 60 ft/sec, use Type II stilling basinBecause baffle blocks are not used, maintain a tailwater depth 5% higher than required as safety factor to stabilize the
39、 jumpFall 200968CE154征暮万必钩皇跑着哼士脆泰裔镑桨脖舷蔓贯丑雇蒂需拘亩半考群干喀要酣Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Type II Stilling Basin Fr4.5Fall 200969CE154但胜叮蹲脐驰莫韩枷廓逗舷映雾护艾抚骡忱较采岗俘瞳都兔摊镇蒋饵好灰Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reserv
40、oirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Type II Stilling Basin Fr4.5Fall 200970CE154嘻捞芍褒饿蹭北减凛伞惠力蒂均纺贯碘讯羌秘婚鸽吹挟腋跑袒宫帕剑阀嘘Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，ExampleA rectangular concrete channel 20 ft wide, on a 2.5% slope
41、, is discharging 400 cfs into a stilling basin. The basin, also 20 ft wide, has a water depth of 8 ft determined from the downstream channel condition. Design the stilling basin (determine width and type of structure). Fall 2009CE15471嗣屏涧集鼎脱儡主隙厨奄醉零朔痔看质存赏嘘彰罗棋条壳裹最炸裤攒咯封Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy D
42、issipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Example1.Use Mannings equation to determine the normal flow condition in the upstream channel.V = 1.486R2/3S1/2/nQ = 1.486 R2/3S1/2A/nA = 20yR = A/P = 20y/(2y+20) = 10y/(y+10)Q= 400 = 1.486(10y/(y+10)2/3S1/220y/nFall 2009CE
43、15472恃琵亩壕澜姿悼间半以溉俯膜靳票鲤烽驻峰刊跌培铀支坎蓉馆梅凰挛永透Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，ExampleSolve the equation by trial and errory = 1.11 ftcheck A=22.2 ft2, P=22.2, R=1.01.486R2/3S1/2/n = 18.07V=Q/A = 400/22.2 = 18.02Fr1 = V/(gy)1/2 = 3.
44、01 a type IV basin may be appropriate, but first lets check the tailwater levelFall 2009CE15473赢涣胶呕棱阑以甫郴排祈扔绘弯乎混方湘顿同衫酚勾剧骨蕾狭栓盆藏蓬毙Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Example2.For a simple hydraulic jump basin, y2/y1 = (1+8Fr12)1/
45、2 -1) Now that y1=1.11, Fr1=3.01 y2 = 4.2 ftThis is the required water depth to cause the jump to occur.We have a depth of 8 ft now, much higher than the required depth. This will push the jump to the upstream 3.A simple basin with an end sill may work well.Fall 2009CE15474磊持瓮油湃痛扫绩峻灭绵梆肉概女琼监蹿措族镍裁俏了曼赣
46、讲版欠支盒掌Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，ExampleLength of basinUse chart on Slide #62, for Fr1 = 3.0,L/y2 = 5.25 L = 42 ft.Height of end sillUse design on Slide #60,Height = 1.25Y1 = 1.4 ftTransition to the tailwater depth or optimization of basin depth needs to be worked out Fall 2009CE15475续愈肘肿般街奢宫虹罩咋颅拭棒仰蘑综胚窍描败妮沂代嘴醒泼妈麻毁狮酮Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，Reservoirs, Spillways, & Energy Dissipators：水库，溢洪道和消能工，
