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1、直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语 我们先来看看什么是直接引语和间接引语？请看下面各人所说的话： 杰克：我想吃雪糕。 妈妈：玛丽，你弟弟说什么？ 玛丽：他说他想吃雪糕。大家知道这三人所说的话涉及转述的问题。那么哪一句是转述的话呢？ 当然是玛丽说的话。英语中同样也有转述。转述的话叫间接引语“直接引语”与“引述动词” He said,“Its time for lunch.” “ I like apples,”Tom said. Jack said,“Mike can swim.”我们把引号中的句子叫做直接引语，引号外的动词叫引述动词,如何把直接引语变为间接引语呢？如上面的句子可以变为：He s
2、aid( that) it was time for lunch. Tom said he liked apples. Jack said Mike could swim.直接引语变为间接引语有下列一些注意事项：、时态的变化。2、人称的变化。谓语动词的变化。引导词的运用。直接引语是陈述句的变化ll“I dont like action films,” Lingling said.lLingling said that she didnt like action films.lHe said “Im here.” He said that he was there.lJake said,“The
3、re is a good film on tonight.”lJake said that there was a good film on that night.l总结：当直接引语是陈述句时，变为间l接引语时，用that引导，语序不变。但that 也 可以省略。直接引语是祈使句的变化He said to the children,“Be quiet,”He told the children to be quiet.He said to Betty“ Stop.”He asked Betty to stop.She said to Tony,“Dont go close to the bea
4、rs.” She told Tony not to go close to the bears.We said to them,“Dont make any noise,please”We asked them not to make any noise.总结：当直接引语是祈使句时，变为间接引语时，一般转换为 tell sb（not) to do sth或.ask sb (not)to do sth.直接引语是一般疑问句的变化She said, “Are you interested in English?”She asked if whether I was interested in En
5、glish.Jack said,“Do you know Mike?”Jack asked (me)if I knew Mike。总结：当直接引语是一般疑问句时，变为间接引语要用连词if或whether来引导，从句用陈述句语序主句中的谓语动词是said时，要变为asked，没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语如：me,him, us.直接引语是特殊疑问句的变化He asked me,“What are these?”He asked me what those were. Betty asked me “Where are you from?”Betty asked me where I was
6、 from.总结：当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语时，要用原来的疑问词引导，从句用陈述句语序2.时态不变的情况： 所转述的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、格所转述的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、格言等，时态不变言等，时态不变。如。如：1. He said, “Practice makes perfect.” He said that practice makes perfect. 他说熟能生他说熟能生巧。巧。 2.The teacher said , “Where there is a will, there is a way.” The teacher said that where the
7、re is a will ,there is a way.时态的变化时态的变化1.主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如：直接引直接引语一般一般现在在时现在在进行行时 amisare doing现在完成在完成时 havehas +过去分去分词一般一般过去去时过去完成去完成时一般将来一般将来时 will do sthcancanmaymaymustmustshallshallwillwill间接引接引语一般一般过去去时过去去进行行时 waswere d
8、oing过去完成去完成时 had +过去分去分词过去完成去完成时过去完成去完成时过去将来去将来时 would do sthcouldcouldmightmighthad to; musthad to; mustshouldshouldwouldwould 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化，如，如 直接引直接引语指示代指示代词this this thesethese时间状状语nownowtodaytodaythis morningthis morningtonighttonightagotomorrowtomorrowyesterday
9、yesterdaylast nightlast nightthe day before yesterdaythe day before yesterdaythree days agothree days agonext weeknext week地点状地点状语herehere方向性方向性动词bringbringcomecome间接引接引语thatthatthosethosethenthenthat daythat daythat morningthat morningthat nightthat nightbeforethe next daythe next daythe day before
10、the day beforethe night beforethe night beforetwo days beforetwo days beforethree days beforethree days beforethe next weekthe next weektheretheretaketakegogo1.He said, “please come here again tomorrow.”He asked me_2.He said,“Dont do that again.”He told me_3.He asked,“Where are you to get off,John?”
11、He asked John_4.He asked,“How do you come to school.”He asked me_5.He asked, “Are you a teacher or a student?”He asked me_ 6.She asked, “Do you see a monkey?”She asked me_ 练习题to go there again the next day .not to do this againwhere he was to get off.how I went to schoolwhether I was a teacher or a studentIf/whether I saw a monkey.
