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1、1;.名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 2;.宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.
2、3;.什么叫名词性从句？ 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses(Noun Clauses(Noun Clauses(Noun Clauses） 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, , , , 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等位语等位语等位语等 因此根据它在句中不同的
3、语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句句、表语从句和同位语从句句、表语从句和同位语从句句、表语从句和同位语从句4;. 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clause5
4、;.Subject Clauses 主语从句主语从句6;.1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分他会成功是肯定的他会成功是肯定的1). That he will succeed is certain .是否他去那儿还不知道是否他去那儿还不知道2) Whether he will go there is not known .他说的话不是真的他说的话不是真的3) What he said is not true . 无论谁来都是受欢迎的无论谁来都是受欢迎的4) Whoever comes is welcome. 7;.1.1.主语从句主语从句引导词引导词:1.从属
5、连词从属连词:that, whether2.疑问代词疑问代词:what, which, who, whom, whose3.疑问副词疑问副词:when, where, why, how4.复合关系代词复合关系代词:whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever8;. 考点一考点一:主语从句后置主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作形式主语作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:1.That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that
6、 we shall be late.2. That the earth is round is known to all.- Its known to all that the earth is round.9;.It 的用法：的用法： （形式主语）（形式主语）Its possible/important/necessary/clear/obvious that很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚 Its said/ reported/believed that.据说据说/据报道据报道It seems/appears/happens/occurs/matters/th
7、at显然、明显、显然、明显、 碰巧碰巧. 10;.Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）众所周知） /a surprise/ a question/ a shame/ high time【特别提醒特别提醒】连接代词连接代词what, whoever, whatever, whichever等引导的主语从句不宜用等引导的主语从句不宜用it作形式主语。作形式主语。What is worth doing is worth doing well. Whatever was said her
8、e has left us much to think. 11;.考点二注意：从句作主语 ，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定What he needs- that book.What he needs _ some books._is_are12;.Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句13;.1. I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）14;.宾语从句的概念：宾语从句的概念：
9、宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主语主语 + 谓语谓语 vt. + +连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句宾语从句. vi+prep. be+adj. 15;.他建议他们明年去香港旅行。He suggested that they should make a trip to Hong Kong next year. 我们的成功取决于我们互相之间合作得如何。 Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another. 没人敢确定一百万年以后地球是否存在No one c
10、an be sure whether the earth will exist in a million years. 你可以做你喜欢做的任何事情You may do whatever you like to do16;.一，引导词一，引导词:1.从属连词从属连词:that, whether, if2.疑问代词疑问代词:what, which, who, whom, whose3.疑问副词疑问副词:when, where, why, how4.复合关系代词复合关系代词:whatever, whoever,whichever, whomever 宾语从句宾语从句17;.引导宾语从句的引导宾语从句
11、的that在下列情况下一般不省略：在下列情况下一般不省略：1. 宾语从句前有插入语。We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.2. 在介词后。He has no special fault except that he smokes too much. 3. that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.4. 有间接宾语时。He told m
12、e that he was leaving for Japan.18;.5. that从句单独回答问题时。What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？That Kate had passed the exam. 6. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。I think it necessary that he should stay here. 7. 位于句首时。如：That our team will win, I believe. 19;.二、时态二、时态二、时态二、时态1. 1. 1. 1. 如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态 （包括
13、一般现在时（包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），那么从句用相应的任何时态。现在进行时，现在完成时），那么从句用相应的任何时态。现在进行时，现在完成时），那么从句用相应的任何时态。现在进行时，现在完成时），那么从句用相应的任何时态。vvI know he lives here .I know he lives here .vvI know he lived here ten years ago . I know he lived here ten years ago . vvI have heard that he will come tomorrow
14、.I have heard that he will come tomorrow .20;.2. 2.如如如如果果果果主主主主句句句句是是是是过过过过去去去去的的的的时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行行行行时时时时），那那那那么么么么从从从从句句句句的的的的时时时时态态态态一一一一定定定定要要要要用用用用相相相相对对对对应应应应的的的的过过过过去去去去的的的的某某某某种种种种时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行行行行时时时时，过过过过去去去去将将将将来来来来时时
15、时时， 过过过过去去去去完成时）完成时）完成时）完成时）vvI knew who lived here. I knew who lived here. vvI saw she was talking with her mother. I saw she was talking with her mother. vvHe asked whether his father would come backHe asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. tomorrow. vvHe said that he had seen it .He s
16、aid that he had seen it .21;.3.3.3.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。时用一般现在时。时用一般现在时。时用一般现在时。vvThe teacher said that the sun travelsThe teacher said that the sun travels around the earth . around the earth .22;.三、语序三、语序三、语序三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：宾语
17、从句的语序用陈述语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词连接词连接词连接词+ + + +主语主语主语主语+ + + +谓语谓语谓语谓语+ + + +其他成分其他成分其他成分其他成分23;.1. 1. When will he go to the library? When will he go to the library? a. His brother asks when a. His brother asks when he will go tohe will go to the the library . library . b. His brother asks when b. His
18、brother asks when will he go towill he go to the the library . library . 2. 2. What does he want to buy ?What does he want to buy ? a. I dont know what a. I dont know what he wants tohe wants to buy . buy . b. I dont know what b. I dont know what does he want todoes he want to buy . buy . 24;.3. 否定的
19、转移否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为若主语谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, imagine等等,其后其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。从句谓语用肯定式。 (我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。) I dont think this dress fits you well. 25;. 上述部分主句谓语是上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分
20、与宾语等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。从句相对应构成反意疑问句。 I dont think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, cant she? 但此时主句主语必须是第一人称但此时主句主语必须是第一人称 如果不是则不能否定从句如果不是则不能否定从句 ,如如: He thought they were wrong, didnt he? 而不能说而不能说werent they? 26;.4. It 作为形式宾语而真正的宾语从句则放在句尾作为形式宾语而真正的宾语从句则放在句尾, Like/love/h
21、ate/appreciate/help/look/depend on/see to/ count on/rely on + it + when/if/that clauseI hate it when people speak with their mouths full.Sb.+ think/find/make + it +adj./n.+that clauseHe made it clear that he would leave office soon.27;.Predicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句28;.表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语
22、的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后放在系动词之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外等。另外,常用的常用的还有还有the reason why is that 和和It is because 等结构。例如：等结构。例如：29;.他缺席的原因是因为他生病住院. The reason for his absence was that he was ill in hospital. 问题是他们是否能帮我们克服困难 The question is whether they
23、will be able to help us out. 那就是我们应该首先做的事 That is what we should do first. 这是因为你太认真的缘故 it is because you are too serious. 他看起来好像快要哭起来了He looked as if he was going to cry30;. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后. 作用作用:对主语进行解释说明。对主语进行解释说明。连接词：连接词：that / whether /as if /as though 连接代词：连
24、接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：连接副词：when / where / why / how / because 31;.注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否” 时，只能用时，只能用 “whether”不能用不能用“If”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3. It is /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /whythat .32;.Appositi
25、ve Clauses 同位语从句同位语从句33;.同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明. n.+ 连接词连接词 + 从句从句汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。 The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 34;.他是否胜利还有一些疑问他是否胜利还有一些疑问There is some do
26、ubt whether he will win同位语从句常用同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether 35;.注注: 1.1. 同 位语从句多用that 引导2. 2. 在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引导同位语从句引导同位语从句. I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.36;.I have heard the news that he visited
27、our factory .I have heard the news that he told you the other day .同位语从句和定语从句的区别：同位语从句和定语从句的区别：1 同位语从句同位语从句that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分只起连接作用，不作任何成分 定语从句定语从句 that 是关系代词，起连接作用和充是关系代词，起连接作用和充 当宾语和主语当宾语和主语2同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明 定语从句定语从句 定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对名词进行修饰，加以限定定从和前面的名词是
28、所属关系，对名词进行修饰，加以限定3同位语从句同位语从句that 不能省不能省 定语从句定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省在从句中作宾语时，可以省37;.Practice :判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3.The fact that she works h
29、ard is well known to us all. 4. I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly. 同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句38;.考点一whether与与if的辨用的辨用表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。a. 主语从句主语从句b. 表语从句表语从句c. 同位语从句同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) g .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用连在
30、一起引导宾语从句时不用if h.某些动词后面某些动词后面(如如discuss) 只能用只能用whether, 不用不用if。39;.练习练习练习练习: : : :用用用用if/whetherif/whetherif/whetherif/whether填空填空填空填空 1._ he has won the tennis is not known. Whether2. The problem is _ I can get a job.3. I am worried about _ I hurt her feeling.4. I have a question _ he has enough mon
31、ey.5. They discussed_ the sports meet will be put off.6. I wonder _ he has agreed or not.7. Please tell me _ or not this book is worth buying.whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhether40;.考点二 由由 that 、what引导的区别引导的区别: 2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的地球是圆的)3. _ is that computers can recognize human voi
32、ces .(让我们感到惊讶的是电脑能分辨人的声音。让我们感到惊讶的是电脑能分辨人的声音。) what不但起连接作用，而且有具体意义，意为不但起连接作用，而且有具体意义，意为“所所的的”（the thing(s) that），），在从句中作主语，表语或宾语。而在从句中作主语，表语或宾语。而that 在从句中无词义，只起连接作用。简言之，在从句中无词义，只起连接作用。简言之，从句中如果不缺少成分时，连接词用从句中如果不缺少成分时，连接词用that，否则用，否则用what。That the earth is roundWhat surprises us41;.用用用用that /what that
33、/what that /what that /what 填空填空填空填空1. _ he needs is more practice.2. _ he got the first place in the competition surprised us.3. The truth is _ I didnt go there4. He is not _ he used to be 20 years.5. _impressed me most was _such a little boy could play the violin so well.WhatThatthatwhatWhatthat42
34、;.考点三 。表示坚持、命令、建议、要求的名词从句的语气要用虚拟语气表示坚持、命令、建议、要求的名词从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为结构为 should + do, should 可省略可省略 He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.It is necessary that he (should) come to see us.It was ordered that all the soldiers_to the front. A.should send B.must be sent C.should be sent D.mus
35、t goC43;.1. Who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights .2. Mary hopes to become a friend of whomever shares her interests . 找出下列句子中的错误找出下列句子中的错误找出下列句子中的错误找出下列句子中的错误, , , ,并总结出规律并总结出规律并总结出规律并总结出规律: : : :考点四 : whoever = anyone who + 定语从句定语从句 whomever=anyone whom +定语从句定语从句What/whatever , whe
36、n / whenever , where / wherever 的含义基相的含义基相同，只是后者比前者语气更重。在意义上也有细微差别：同，只是后者比前者语气更重。在意义上也有细微差别： whatever 含义为含义为 anything that whenever 含义为含义为 any time when wherever 含义为含义为 any place where WhoeverwhoeverAnyone whoanyone who44;.wh-wh-wh-wh-与与与与wh-everwh-everwh-everwh-ever的区别的区别的区别的区别1 . _ wants to do the
37、 experiment comes to my office. A. Whoever B. Who . Give it to _ you think can do the work well. Awho Bwhoever Cwhomever Dthose . _ she did was right. So everyone always believed her. A. What B. Whatever C. How D. That4._ will be elected the president doesnt make much difference to me.5 . This is ex
38、actly _ I want. whowhat45;.They want to know _ do to help us . A . what can they B . what they can C . how they can D . how can theyNo one can be sure _ in a million years . A . what man will look like B . what will man look likeC . man will look like what D . what look will man like You cant imagin
39、e _ when they received these nice presents . A . how they were excited B . how excited they wereC . how excited were they D . they were how excited 考点五 : :名词从句中须使用陈述语序！名词从句中须使用陈述语序！46;.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon . A . leaves B . would leave C . left D . had lef
40、t He asked _ for the violin . A . did I pay how much B . I paid how muchC . how much did I pay D . how much I paid 3. Our physics teacher told us light _ faster than sound Atravelled Bhas travelled Ctravels Dwill travel 考点六 : :主句谓语动词是过去时态，从句也必须使用过去相应的时态。主句谓语动词是过去时态，从句也必须使用过去相应的时态。47;.小结小结: (1) 连词的选择
41、；连词的选择； (2) (2) 名词性从句的语序问题名词性从句的语序问题（3 3）主句与从句时态的呼应；）主句与从句时态的呼应；（4 4）同位语从句与定语从句的区别；）同位语从句与定语从句的区别；（5 5）wh- wh- 与与wh-ever wh-ever 的区别；的区别；（6 6）thatthat在名词性从句中的省略问题；在名词性从句中的省略问题；48;. Thank you49;.1 He has no money and does not know _he should do.2 I wonder Mr Adams, _youd mind us asking a few question
42、s.3 May we ask _ youre doing in this country and what your plans are?4 Well, I cant say _ I have any plans.5 his eyes stare at _ is left of the brothers dinner on the table.6 I did not know _I could survive until morning.whatifwhatthatwhatwhether50;.Practice 1. I doubt_he will succeed.2. I dont doub
43、t _he will keep his promise.3.I cant yet tell you _ or not I like it.4.I cant understand_he was so late.5.He dreamed last year_he became rich.6.Everyone knows _water is made up of.whether/ifthatwhetherwhythat/-what51;.7.Pay attention to _the teacher said.8.He was deeply displeased by _ had happened
44、that day.10.He made it clear _ he preferred to study English.宾语从句也可以做介词宾语。宾语从句也可以做介词宾语。有时候可以用有时候可以用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。thatwhatwhat52;.Practice :1.Jimmy is absent from school.That is_he was badly hurt in the football game.Jimmy was badly hurt in the football game. Thats _ he is absent from school.2.Jimmy
45、is absent from school. The reason is_he was badly hurt in the football game.主语是主语是reason 时连词只能用时连词只能用 that 不能用不能用becausebecausethat3.The question is _he can do it.a.if b.whether c.that表语从句中不能用表语从句中不能用if只能用只能用whetherbecause/why 也能引导表语从句也能引导表语从句why53;.4. True or falseHer wish is she could lose weight
46、soon.Fthat在表语从句中在表语从句中that 不能省，不作成份不能省，不作成份5.This is _ I want.这就是我所要的。这就是我所要的。what6.The trouble is _ he can find a job.where/whether7.It looks_it is going to rain.as if54;.1._ fails to see this will make a big mistake.2._our football team will is uncertain yet.3._ he couldnt understand was _ , as a
47、teacher of Chinese , he was asked to teach history.4._ has made China _ she is today.WhoeverWhetherWhatthatWhatWhat55;.1.that/what的区别_youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness._yousaidisnoneofmybusiness._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.Ourschoolisquitedifferentf
48、rom_itwasbefore.Fathermadeapromise_ifIpassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeacomputer.ThatWhatWhatthatwhatthat56;.2.who/whoever/whomever的区别_leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights._beaksthelawwillbepunished._willbeourpresidenthasntbeendecided.Youcangivethebookto_youlike.Youcangivethebookto_youthinkistheb
49、est.WhoeverWhoeverWhowhomeverwhoever57;.3.what/whatever的区别_makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.4.whatever/whicheverThepoormanisreadytoaccept_helphecanget.Illwritealetterto_peopleareonthelist._playerscoresthehighestnumberofpointswillbethewinner.Youcantake_seatyoulike._teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.WhatwhateverwhateverwhicheverWhicheverwhicheverWhichever58;.
