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1、WilliamCullenBryant威廉威廉-卡伦卡伦-布莱恩特布莱恩特(1794-1878)TheAmericanWordsworthOneofthegreatesttranslators: Iliad(特特)andOdyssey(奥德赛奥德赛)DefinerofthecharacterandtoneofAmericanpoetrylooking to nature and American landscape for evidence of the divine.William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)the first American lyric poet1
2、) Worksa) Poems 1821b) The Fountain 1842诗选诗选泉泉Poes reputation was firstc) The White-Footed Deer 1844 d) A Forest Hymn 1860e) The Flood of Years 1878白蹄鹿白蹄鹿森林赋森林赋似水流年似水流年f) “To a Waterfowl” 1815g) “Thanatopsis” 1817h) “The Yellow Violet” 1814致水鸟致水鸟死亡随想死亡随想黄色堇香花黄色堇香花2）LifeBryant was a poet, and editor.
3、 He was born into a doctors family in Massachusetts.He started to write poems when he was 14 years old.Bryant quitted his study in university and then became a lawyer.In 1825, he turned to journalism. In 1827, he became an editor for Evening Post and wrote a lot of political criticism. But it is his
4、 poetry which made him popular among people.vHe was influenced by Graveyard School in England and wrote “Thanatopsis”.His best works are his lyric poems about nature and so his style is quite similar to that of Wordsworth.ThemostaccomplishedandpopularAmericanpoetofthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,
5、BryantalsowasthefirstAmericanpoettoreceivesubstantialinternationalacclaim.BryantisconsideredanearlyproponentofRomanticisminAmericanliterature,andhisworkisoftencomparedthematicallyandstylisticallytothatofEnglishRomanticpoetWilliamWordsworth.Opposingeighteenth-centurypoeticconventionsandusingexperimen
6、taliambicrhythms,Bryantspoetryusuallymeditatesonnatureandthetransienceofearthlythings.Althoughitsthemeswerefewanditsthoughtnotprofound,Bryantsversepossessedasimpledignityandanimpeccablerestrainedstyle,mostnotablyinThanatopsis(1817)andToaWaterfowl(1821),thepoemsforwhichheisbestremembered.SinceBryanta
7、lsospentmorethanfiftyyearsofhislifeaseditoroftheNewYorkEveningPost,acareerwhichranksamongthelongestinAmericanjournalism,heneverfullydevelopedhispoetictalents.However,Bryantsliteraryeffortsmakehimanimportant,ifsomewhatoverlooked,figureinAmericanpoetry.布赖恩特威廉柯伦布莱恩特（WilliamBullenBryant,1794-1878），美国诗人和
8、新闻记者。作为美国首位重要的自然派诗人，他经常被称为“美国的华兹华斯”。布莱恩特的作品受沃兹沃斯的影响，不过，他所描述的是美国有代表性的鸟语花香和其他自然美景。死亡随想是他在17岁之前创作的，表达了死亡不可避免、人们必须接受的哲学理念。布莱恩特做报社编辑长达50之久，对政治和社会问题很感兴趣。他采用无韵诗的形式翻译了荷马的伊利亚特（1870年）和奥德赛（2卷，1871-73年），保留了原诗的质朴和庄重。威廉柯伦布赖恩特布莱恩特出生在马萨诸塞州的库明顿，在九岁之前就开始写诗。禁运（1808年）是他发表的第一部诗作，对杰斐逊政府进行了批评。在威廉斯学院读书一年后，布莱恩特成为一名律师。1821年，
9、布莱恩特在剑桥出版了一部诗集，收入了死亡随想、致水鸟，及其他早先发表在北美评论上的诗作。1824-25年间，他在美国文学报上发表了20到30首诗。Eachpairofunstressedandstressedsyllablesmakesupaunitcalledafoot.Thelinecontainsfivefeetinall,asshownnext:12345shallI.|.comPARE.|.theeTO.|.aSUM.|.mersDAY?.Afootcontaininganunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable(asabove)is
10、calledaniamb.Becausetherearefivefeetintheline,alliambic,themeterofthelineisiambicpentameter.本诗的韵律分析Ineachstanza,thepoetusesiambictrimeterinlines1and4butiambicpentameterinlines2and3.Thesecondstanzaillustratesthisformat:.vainLYtheFOWLersEYEthreeiambicfeetmightMARKthyDISTantFLIGHTtoDOtheeWRONG,fiveiamb
11、icfeetas,DARKlySEENaGAINSTtheCRIMsonSKY,fiveiambicfeetthyFIGureFLOATSaLONG.threeiambicfeetToaWaterfowlToaWaterfowlisalyricpoemofeightfour-linestanzaspresentingthemusingsofapersonobservingasoaringwaterfowl.Bryantcompletedthepoemin1818andpublisheditinacollection,Poems,in1821.AccordingtobiographerParke
12、Godwin,BryantwastravelingfromCummington,Massachusetts,toPlainfieldwhenhesawahigh-flyingbirdthatlaterinspiredhimtowritethepoem,oneofhismostpopular.ToaWaterfowlWhither,midstfallingdew,Whileglowtheheavenswiththelaststepsofday,Far,throughtheirrosydepths,dostthoupursueThysolitaryway?VainlythefowlerseyeMi
13、ghtmarkthydistantflighttodotheewrong,As,darklyseenagainstthecrimsonsky,Thyfigurefloatsalong.SeekstthoutheplashybrinkOfweedylake,ormargeofriverwide,OrwheretherockingbillowsriseandsinkOnthechafedocean-side?ThereisaPowerwhosecareTeachesthywayalongthatpathlesscoastThedesertandillimitableairLonewandering
14、,butnotlost.Alldaythywingshavefanned,Atthatfarheight,thecold,thinatmosphere,Yetstoopnot,weary,tothewelcomeland,Thoughthedarknightisnear.Andsoonthattoilshallend;Soonshaltthoufindasummerhome,andrest,Andscreamamongthyfellows;reedsshallbend,Soon,oerthyshelterednest.Thourtgone,theabyssofheavenHathswallow
15、edupthyform;yet,onmyheartDeeplyhathsunkthelessonthouhastgiven,Andshallnotsoondepart.He,who,fromzonetozone,Guidedthroughtheboundlessskythycertainflight,InthelongwaythatImusttreadalone,Willleadmystepsaright.SummaryThepoetquestionswherethewaterfowlisgoing.Hequestionshismotivesforflying.Hewarnsthewaterf
16、owlthathecouldpossiblyfinddanger,travelingalone.But,thiswaterfowlisnotalone.HeknowsthatthewaterfowlisbeingledbysomePower.Asthewaterfowlreachesoutofthenarratorssight,thenarratorreflectsonGodsguidanceinhisownlife.ThenarratorissurethatGodhasledthiswaterfowl,andthatthewaterfowlhadfaithinthenarrator.Now,
17、thenarratorsfaithisstrengthened.HeknowsthatGodisguidinghimaswell.Whither,midstfallingdew,Whileglowtheheavenswiththelaststepsofday,Far,throughtheirrosydepths,dostthoupursueThysolitaryway?你要去往何方？露珠正在坠落，天穹闪耀着白昼最后的脚步，远远地，穿过玫瑰色的深处，你求索着孤独的道路。VainlythefowlerseyeMightmarkthydistantflighttodotheewrong,As,dar
18、klyseenagainstthecrimsonsky,Thyfigurefloatsalong.也许，猎鸟者的眼睛徒劳地看着你远飞，想要伤害你，当红色的天空衬着你的身影，你飘摇而去。SeekstthoutheplashybrinkOfweedylake,ormargeofriverwide,OrwheretherockingbillowsriseandsinkOnthechafedocean-side?你想要飞往何处？要寻觅杂草丛生、潮湿的湖岸？大河的边沿，还是磨损的海滩？那里有动荡的巨浪起起落落ThereisaPowerwhosecareTeachesthywayalongthatpath
19、lesscoastThedesertandillimitableairLonewandering,butnotlost.有一种力量关照着你，教导你在无路的海滨，荒漠和浩淼的长空，独自漫游，不会迷失。Alldaythywingshavefanned,Atthatfarheight,thecold,thinatmosphere,Yetstoopnot,weary,tothewelcomeland,Thoughthedarknightisnear.你整天拍打着翅膀，扇着远天那寒冷的稀薄大气，尽管黑夜已靠近，你已疲惫也不肯屈尊降落安全的大地。Andsoonthattoilshallend;Soonsh
20、altthoufindasummerhome,andrest,Andscreamamongthyfellows;reedsshallbend,Soon,oerthyshelterednest.不久那折磨就会结束；不久你就会找到夏天的家，歇下，在同伴间欢叫；不久芦苇将弯下，在你隐蔽的巢上。Thourtgone,theabyssofheavenHathswallowedupthyform;yet,onmyheartDeeplyhathsunkthelessonthouhastgiven,Andshallnotsoondepart.你消失了，天空的深渊吞噬了你的身影；但在我心上已深深留下你教给我的一
21、课，它不会很快遗忘。He,who,fromzonetozone,Guidedthroughtheboundlessskythycertainflight,InthelongwaythatImusttreadalone,Willleadmystepsaright.谁引导你穿过无垠的天空，从一个领域到另一个领域，也会在我必须独自跋涉的长途上，正确地引导我的脚步。ThemeJustasGodguidesthewaterfowltoitssummerhome,sotooHeguidesthepoetofthepoemthroughlifetohisultimatedestination,heaven.Thepoemis,inessence,aprofessionoffaithinGod.
