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1、Ifany即使有的话即使有的话Hehaslittle,ifany,money.Therearefew,ifany,mistakes.Ifever即使有过的话，即使有过的话，如果有过的话如果有过的话Itoccursseldom,ifever.Ifanything=ifatall要有什么区别的话；要有什么区别的话；若要说；若要说；说起来说起来Ifanything,heisworsethanher.Heisalittle,ifatall,betterthanabeggar.Sheputallhermoneyinthebag.Herbagwasstolen.Hecamefromafarm.People
2、wereverypooronthefarm.指代人指代人指代事物指代事物所属关系所属关系指地点指地点指时间指时间指原因指原因who,whom,thatwhich,thatwhosewherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词归归纳纳总总结结Thereasonwasthathegotuplate.(主句主句)Hedidnthavebreakfastthismorningforthereason.Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)hedidnthavethebreakfastthismorningwasthathegotuplate.Moziwasateacher.(主句主
3、句)Mozisbehaviorwasunusual.Moziwhosebehavior(thebehaviorofwhom)wasunusualwasateacher.Iwillalwaysrememberthedays.(主句主句)Ispentthedayswithhimsailingonthesea.Iwillalwaysrememberthedays.(主句主句)Iworkedwithhiminthedays.Jackstudiedinaschool.(主句主句)Theschoolisnamedafterhisgrandfather.Jackstudiedinaschool.(主句主句)
4、Hisgrandfathereverworkedintheschool.介词介词+关系词关系词1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.3. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.5. I was given three books on cooking, the first _I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. tha
5、t D. whichtowhomwith whichonwhichThis is the child whom/ that I will take care of.4. 译：这是我要照是我要照顾的小孩。的小孩。6.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsofarewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who7.TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich(1)who指指人人.在
6、定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略略Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyteacherismyfather.Thegirl(who)Ispoketoisastudent.(2)whom指人，指人，在定语从句中作宾语，一般可以省略在定语从句中作宾语，一般可以省略这就是同我一起工作的女孩这就是同我一起工作的女孩Thisisthegirl(whom)Iworkedwith.(3)which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略以省略Chinaisacountrywhichhasalon
7、ghistory(4)that既可以指人，也可以指物，既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语或在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略宾语，作宾语时可以省略Themagazine(that)Iboughtlastweekisgone.Canyouthinkofanyonethatcouldlookafterhim?(1)when指时间。在定语从句中做时间状语，指时间。在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词往往是表示时间的名词。先行词往往是表示时间的名词。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(2)where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，指地点，
8、在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词往往是表示地点的名词。先行词往往是表示地点的名词。Thisistheplacewherewefirstmet.(3)why指原因，指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，在定语从句中作原因状语，常常用在先行词常常用在先行词reason后面。后面。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthebus.1:先行词本身是先行词本身是不定代词不定代词everything, nothing, anything, few, all，much, little, none等等或由形容词性不定代或由形容词性不定代 词词any, every, all等等修饰时
9、修饰时, 引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that不用不用 which。2：指物的先行词被形容词：指物的先行词被形容词最高级最高级或或序数词序数词修饰时修饰时, 引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that 。3: 先行词中先行词中既既有人又有事物有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用时，引导定语从句用 that 。4: 指物的先行词被指物的先行词被the very, the only等修饰时等修饰时,引导定引导定 语从句用语从句用that。5：当先行词前面：当先行词前面有有who/which等疑问代词等疑问代词时，只用时，只用 that，避免重复，避免重复1.指物，介词后。指物，介词后。2. 用于非限制定语从句
10、中用于非限制定语从句中只使用只使用that应应遵循的规则遵循的规则只使用只使用which应应遵循的规则遵循的规则Thepeoplewithwhomheworkedthoughthewasabitstrange.Thisissuchadifficultproblemasnobodycanworkout.Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.Ihaveboughtthesamewatchasyouhave.ThisisthesamewatchthatIlostAsmanychildrenascamehereweremyfatherspupils.关系代词关系代词as和和w
11、hich引导的非限制性定语引导的非限制性定语从句从句1.as和和which都可以在定语从句中做都可以在定语从句中做主主语或宾语语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：代表前面整个句子。如：Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.他他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。2. as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句句首句尾句中首句尾句中,甚至还可以甚至还可以分割主句分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放引导的非
12、限制性定语从句只可放主句后面主句后面。另外，另外，as常常有常常有“正如、正像正如、正像”的含义。的含义。如：如：Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Mike,asweexpected,attendedthemeeting. as与其他词连用引导的定语从句与其他词连用引导的定语从句as引导定语从句时，可指人也可指物，通常与引导定语从句时，可指人也可指物，通常与thesame，such，so等连用，形式为：等连用，形式为：thesameas，suchas，asas，soas。As在定语从句中可作在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语等。如：
13、等。如：Sheknewhefeltjustthesameasshedid.她知道他的感觉与她自己的一样。她知道他的感觉与她自己的一样。(as代替事，代替事，作宾语作宾语)Ilendyousuchbooksaswillinterestyou.我借给你使你感兴趣的书。我借给你使你感兴趣的书。(as代替物，作主语代替物，作主语)注：注：thesameas和和thesamethat的用法的用法不同。不同。as引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物讲的事物“相似相似”，指同类事物；，指同类事物；that引导的引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是定语从句表示其内容与
14、主句所讲的事物是“同同一个一个”，指同一事物。如：，指同一事物。如：ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.这这和我昨天丢的笔一样。（类似的笔）和我昨天丢的笔一样。（类似的笔）ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支。（同一支笔）这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支。（同一支笔）定语从句与结果状语从句定语从句与结果状语从句1Itissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit石头太大，没有人能搬起来。石头太大，没有人能搬起来。2Itissobigastoneasnoonecanlift那那是没人能搬起来的大石头。
15、是没人能搬起来的大石头。3HemadesuchrapidprogressthatbeforelonghebegantowritearticlesinEnglish他进步很快，他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章了。不久就开始用英语写文章了。4TheytalkedaboutsuchthingsasIdidntunderstand他们谈论一些我不懂的事情。他们谈论一些我不懂的事情。5Iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyouhave我想买你的那种词典。我想买你的那种词典。2.2. is known to is known to everyone,theeveryone,the
16、moon moon travels round the earth once every month. travels round the earth once every month. A.ItA.ItB.AsB.As C.ThatC.ThatD.WhatD.What 解析解析 关系代词关系代词asas在定语从句中作主语。句意在定语从句中作主语。句意 为：正如每个人所知，月亮每月绕地球转一周。为：正如每个人所知，月亮每月绕地球转一周。B3.After living in Paris for fifty years he 3.After living in Paris for fifty ye
17、ars he returned to the small town returned to the small town he was he was born. born. A.whichA.whichB.thatB.that C.whereC.whereD.whenD.when 解析解析 本题考查关系副词本题考查关系副词wherewhere在定语从句中的在定语从句中的 用法。先行词用法。先行词the small townthe small town表示地点，在定表示地点，在定 语从句中作状语，故选用语从句中作状语，故选用wherewhere。C4.This is the hotel 4.Th
18、is is the hotel last month. last month. A.whichA.which they stayed they stayed B.atB.at that they stayed that they stayed C.whereC.where they stayed at they stayed at D.whereD.where they stayed they stayed 解析解析 wherewhere是关系副词，表示地点，在是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。定语从句中作地点状语。D5.Do you know the year 5.Do you
19、know the year the the Chinese Communist Party was founded?Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.whichA.whichB.thatB.that C.whenC.whenD.onD.on which which 解析解析 分析句子知：定语从句中缺少时分析句子知：定语从句中缺少时间状语，且先行词为时间名词间状语，且先行词为时间名词, ,故用关系副故用关系副词词whenwhen。C6.That is the day 6.That is the day I Ill never ll never forg
20、et.forget. A.whichA.whichB.onB.on which which C.inC.in which whichD.whenD.when 解析解析 whichwhich是关系代词，在从句中作是关系代词，在从句中作forgetforget的的 宾语宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。A7.I have bought two ballpoints,7.I have bought two ballpoints, writes writes well. well. A.noneA.none of them of themB.neitherB.neither o
21、f them of them C.neitherC.neither of which of whichD.noneD.none of which of which 解析解析 因为是因为是two ballpoints,two ballpoints,并且定语从句的并且定语从句的 谓语谓语writeswrites是单数概念，因此是单数概念，因此C C项为正确选项。项为正确选项。C8.Is 8.Is some German friends visited last some German friends visited last week? week? A.thisA.this school scho
22、olB.thisB.this the school the school C.thisC.this school one school one D.thisD.this school where school where 解析解析 为了便于理解，改写本句话为：为了便于理解，改写本句话为：This is This is the school that some German friends the school that some German friends visited last week. visited last week.不难看出，作表语的不难看出，作表语的the the schoo
23、l school是先行词。是先行词。thatthat引导了定语从句，因为引导了定语从句，因为 thatthat同时又作同时又作visitedvisited的宾语，所以被省略了。的宾语，所以被省略了。 其他选项结构不对。其他选项结构不对。B9.This is one of the best films 9.This is one of the best films . . A.thatA.that have been shown this year have been shown this year B.thatB.that have shown have shown C.thatC.that
24、has been shown this year has been shown this year D.thatD.that you talked you talked 解析解析 本句话的先行词应该是本句话的先行词应该是films,films,因此，关因此，关 系代词系代词thatthat是复数概念，其谓语动词应用复数是复数概念，其谓语动词应用复数 的被动语态的被动语态have been shownhave been shown。如果句中的。如果句中的oneone 前面使用了定冠词前面使用了定冠词thethe，则，则the onethe one应该视为先应该视为先 行词，这时就应选行词，这时就
25、应选C C项。项。A10.Can you lend me the book 10.Can you lend me the book the other the other day? day? A.aboutA.about which you talked which you talked B.whichB.which you talked you talked C.aboutC.about that you talked that you talked D.thatD.that you talked you talked 解析解析 “谈到某事物谈到某事物”应说应说talk about talk
26、 about sthsth. .。 aboutabout是介词，其后要用是介词，其后要用whichwhich作宾语，不能用作宾语，不能用 thatthat。A11.The pen 11.The pen he is writing is mine. he is writing is mine. A.withA.with which whichB.withB.with that that C.onC.on which whichD.byD.by which which 解析解析 with whichwith which是是“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”结构，结构， 常用来引导定语从句。常用来引
27、导定语从句。withwith有有“用用”的意思，的意思， 介词之后只能用介词之后只能用which,which,不能用不能用thatthat。with with which which在定语从句中作状语，即在定语从句中作状语，即he is writing he is writing with a pen with a pen。A12.They arrived at a farm 12.They arrived at a farm house,inhouse,in front of front of sat a small boy. sat a small boy. A.whomA.whomB.w
28、hoB.who C.whichC.whichD.thatD.that 解析解析 in front of whichin front of which即：即：in front of a in front of a farmhouse farmhouse。in front of whichin front of which在从句中作状在从句中作状 语。语。 C13.The engineer 13.The engineer my father works is my father works is about 50 years old. about 50 years old. A.toA.to wh
29、om whomB.onB.on whom whom C.withC.with which whichD.withD.with whom whom 解析解析 with whomwith whom引导定语从句。引导定语从句。with whomwith whom放放 在从句中即为：在从句中即为：my father works with the my father works with the engineer engineer。D14.Is there anyone in your class 14.Is there anyone in your class family family is in
30、the country? is in the country? A.whoA.whoB.whoB.whos s C.whichC.whichD.whoseD.whose 解析解析 whosewhose引导定语从句，在从句中作主语引导定语从句，在从句中作主语 familyfamily的定语。的定语。D15.I15.Im interested in m interested in you have said. you have said. A.allA.all that thatB.allB.all what what C.thatC.thatD.whichD.which 解析解析 本题考查定语从
31、句的引导词。因为先行本题考查定语从句的引导词。因为先行 词是词是allall，在从句中作，在从句中作saysay的宾语，所以只能选的宾语，所以只能选 用用thatthat引导。引导。A16.He is good at English,16.He is good at English, we all know. we all know. A.thatA.thatB.asB.as C.whomC.whomD.whatD.what 解析解析 asas作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制 性定语从句。这时性定语从句。这时asas所指代的不是主句中某个所指代的不是主句中某个
32、名词，而往往指代整个主句的内容。名词，而往往指代整个主句的内容。asas在从句在从句 中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也 可置于主句前。在本句中，可置于主句前。在本句中，asas作宾语。作宾语。B17.Li Ming,17.Li Ming, to the concert, enjoyed it to the concert, enjoyed it very much. very much. A.I went with A.I went withB.withB.with whom I went whom I went C.withC.with who
33、 I went who I wentD.I went with himD.I went with him 解析解析 Li Ming enjoyed it very muchLi Ming enjoyed it very much是主是主 句，句，with whom I went to the concertwith whom I went to the concert是定语是定语 从句。从句。with whomwith whom放在从句中为：放在从句中为：I went to I went to the concert with Li Ming the concert with Li Ming。
34、B18.He talked a lot about things and persons 18.He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school. they remembered in the school. A.whichA.whichB.thatB.that C.whomC.whomD.whatD.what 解析解析 thingsthings和和personspersons是先行词。当定语从句是先行词。当定语从句 要修饰的先行词是既有表示人，又有表示物的要修饰的先行词是既有表示人，又有表示物的 名词
35、时，其关系代词要用名词时，其关系代词要用thatthat。B19.The letter is from my sister,19.The letter is from my sister, is is working in Beijing. working in Beijing. A.whichA.whichB.thatB.that C.whomC.whomD.whoD.who 解析解析 whowho引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作 主语。主语。20.In our factory there are 2,000 workers,20.In our factory
36、 there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of two thirds of are women. are women. A.themA.themB.whichB.which C.whomC.whomD.whoD.who 解析解析 two thirds of whomtwo thirds of whom即：即：two thirds of two thirds of the 2,000 workers the 2,000 workers。DC返回1.DuringWorldWar，Germanywasatwarwithmanycountriesaroundthewor
37、ld.2.Itoccurredtomethathemightbeinterestedintheproblemwehaddiscussed.3.LiuXiangisamanwhomChinacanbeproudof.4.Yourroomisoutoforder.Youdbetterspendsometimeputtingeverythinginorder.5.ThoughIcamehereforthefirsttime,Ifoundhishousewithoutdifficulty. 单选：单选：CCCADACBBBCDDDB完形：DBACA DCBDB CBACA DBADC阅读：阅读：BDABCDACBABACBDCBACD 阅读表达：阅读表达：76.Losingweighthelpspreventkidneydiseases. 77.Thekidneysdealwithwastethingsinthebloodandsendthemout 78.Weightlossachieved- 79.maysufferfrom 80.于是，在报告的最后，他强烈建议肥胖的成年于是，在报告的最后，他强烈建议肥胖的成年人尽力去减肥，并且建议政府设法帮助医院和医人尽力去减肥，并且建议政府设法帮助医院和医生们。生们。
