《unit4主语从句》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《unit4主语从句（33页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、SubjectiveClause主主语从句语从句Unit 4 Grammar观察思考：指出句子成分You are good students. 主语 表语系动词主主语是指语是指位于系动词或谓语动词位于系动词或谓语动词前前面面的成分的成分，是执行句子的行为或动作的主体是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，句子陈述的对，句子陈述的对象。象。You study English hard. 主语谓语动词 宾语指出句子成分：指出句子成分：That Chairman Xi will come to Guizhou Province excites everybody.Whether he will come he
2、re is uncertain.主主 语语 从从 句句主主 语语 从从 句句谓语谓语宾宾语语表表语语系动词系动词在复合句中，位于谓语动词或系在复合句中，位于谓语动词或系动词之前的从句。动词之前的从句。一、主语从句结构一、主语从句结构Who will host the meeting is certain.What he did yesterday made all of us feel shocked. 引导词引导词+从句从句+系动词系动词/谓语动词谓语动词+表语表语/宾语宾语【例句呈现】【例句呈现】 观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语从句及引导词从句及引导词
3、:1. What is needed for a long trip is careful preparation.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _，引导词为，引导词为 _。What is needed for a whatlong trip2. That Jay Zhou will come to my city excites everybody.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _ _，引导词为，引导词为 _。3. Whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _ _，引导词为，引
4、导词为_。That Jay Zhou willWhether we willcome to my city thattravel abroad or notwhether4. Whoever knows the secret mustnt tell others.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _ _，引导词为，引导词为 _。5. It remains a puzzle why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _，引导词为，引导词为_。Whoever knows the whoeverwhy dinosau
5、rs diedwhysecretout suddenly long long ago【观察总结】【观察总结】 通过分析上面例句，同学们可能会发通过分析上面例句，同学们可能会发现上面第现上面第5句中的主语从句似乎比较隐蔽。句中的主语从句似乎比较隐蔽。其实，这也是主语从句的一种呈现方式，其实，这也是主语从句的一种呈现方式，即：即：当一个句子主语过长时，可以用当一个句子主语过长时，可以用it作作形式主语，而把真正的主语或主语从句后形式主语，而把真正的主语或主语从句后移至句子末尾，以保持句子的平衡。移至句子末尾，以保持句子的平衡。注意注意观察下列例句中的划线部分：观察下列例句中的划线部分：1. It
6、is not clear how the accident happened.2. It is a pity that you should have made such a careless mistake.3. It is reported that more than thirty deaths were caused in the accident.4. It seems that tomorrow will rain. 现将常见的由现将常见的由it作形式主语的句型总作形式主语的句型总结如下：结如下：1. It is +adj. + that 从句从句2. It is + n. + t
7、hat 从句，常见此类形容从句，常见此类形容词有：词有：important, necessary, clear, certain, natural, strange, obvious, likely, impossible, possible 等。等。 3. It + be + 过去分词过去分词 + 主语从句主语从句 It is said / reported / believed / suggested / known / proved that . 4. It + 特殊动词特殊动词 + that 从句从句 It seems / appears . that . 似乎似乎 It happen
8、ed (to sb.) that . （某人）碰巧（某人）碰巧 二、二、主主语从句三语从句三注意注意引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序谓语动词的数谓语动词的数（一）（一）引导词引导词: :f连接词：连接词：thatthat / / whether whether / / if if f连连接接代代词词：who who / / whom whom / / whose whose / / which / whatwhich / what / whoever/whatever. / whoever/whatever. f连连接接副副词词：when when / / where where /
9、 / why why / / howhow. 【要点精讲】【要点精讲】1. what 与与 that 引导主语从句引导主语从句观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结其规律。其规律。(1) What you lack is self-confidence. 译为：译为：_你所缺乏的是自信。你所缺乏的是自信。(2) That more and more students are admitted into universities is true.译为：译为：_ _(3) What is needed for the program is more wisdom. 译为：
10、译为：_这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。越来越多的学生将被大学录取越来越多的学生将被大学录取的消息是真实的。的消息是真实的。从上面例句可以看出，从上面例句可以看出，that引导主语引导主语从句时，在句中具有从句时，在句中具有“两不两不”原则：原则：一、不作句子成分；一、不作句子成分；二、没有实际意义。二、没有实际意义。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，而把主语从句放在句末时， that可以可以省略。省略。而而what引导的从句则恰恰相反，引导的从句则
11、恰恰相反，what在从句中的作用为：在从句中的作用为：一、作句子成分；一、作句子成分；二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还要承担具体的意义。要承担具体的意义。【巩固练习】【巩固练习】 用用 what 或或 that 填空。填空。(1) _ he told us this morning was just a lie.(2) _ is important to us is enough time.(3) It worries my mom _ she is beginning to get a little fat.(4) _ we cant get seems bett
12、er than _ we have.WhatWhatthatWhatwhat2. whether 与与 if 引导主语从句引导主语从句 如果主语从句置于句首，不能用如果主语从句置于句首，不能用if引导，此时，需用引导，此时，需用whether。但如果用。但如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用时，也可以用if引导。引导。【巩固练习】【巩固练习】 用用 whether 或或 if 填空。填空。(1) It doesnt matter _ he will come or not.(2) _ well go camping tomorrow depen
13、ds on the weather.(3) It was doubtful _ Tom really saw Sharon.(4) _ Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful.whether / ifWhetherwhether / ifWhether3. 其它引导词其它引导词 连接代词连接代词who, which, whom, whose有有各自的具体意义，起连接作用，同时在各自的具体意义，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等；等；whoever, whatever, whichever在意义上在意义上更为强调，常
14、译为更为强调，常译为“无论无论”；连接；连接副词副词when, where, why, how等等也有各自也有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作状的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作状语。语。（二）（二）、语序、语序主主语从句的语序用语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序： 1. Why is the earth becoming warmer? It is an important topic for research. Why is the earth becoming warmer is an important topic for research . Why the earth is beco
15、ming warmer is an important topic for research .（三）（三）、谓语动词的数（单数谓语动词的数（单数/ /复数）复数）在主语从句中，谓语一般用在主语从句中，谓语一般用单数单数。1.Whatever he says is of no importance. 2.Whoever says this is wrong 3. When and where well hold the meeting _ not been decided yet.A. has B. is C. have D. are但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不
16、可一概而论，而要视句子的意义而定概而论，而要视句子的意义而定 What I need is money. What I need are books.【常见错误展示】【常见错误展示】 下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。分析错误的原因。1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.Thatthat 虽无词义但引导主语从句虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。位于句首时不能省略。if, whether 都可表示都可表示“是否是否”, 但但 if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从不能引导位于主句之
17、前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语有形式主语it的主语从句。的主语从句。2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.Whether3. That the professor said is of great importance.4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.Whatthat 引导主语从句时无词义。引导主语从句时无词义。What the professor said表示表示“教授所说的教授所说的”。将将will置于置于trees
18、之后。主语从句要用之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。陈述句语序。5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。Whoever 主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。单数形式。remain7. What were your problems a year a
19、go has now become mine.8. It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.has 要改为要改为 have。主语从句表示复数。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。概念时，谓语要用复数形式。have在在“It is requested / ordered / suggested + that从句从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用语用“should + 动词原形动词原形”，should可省可省略。略。(should) make从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可四个选项
20、中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. (重庆重庆2011)A. whether B. when C. which D. where 2. The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge. (江西江西2011)A. this B. that C. what D. which3. _ some
21、 people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. (北京北京2010)A. Whether B. What C. That D. How4. It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. (陕西陕西2010)A. which B. what C. that D. if5. It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (浙江浙江2010)A. that B. what C. how D. whether
