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1、形而上学形而上学What is Metaphysics?The study of being as being.First philosophyThe study of principles or causes of all thingsThe study of substance(本体）Three types of substancessensible and perishable.sensible and eternal.immovable, non-sensible and eternal.Four types of changesWhat-become something elsequ
2、ality-alteration with respect to non-essential attributesquantity-increase and diminutionplace-motion, locomotionChange-from contrary to contrarynothing come into being from absolute non-being.There must be a third element in the change process-the matter(质料）.The matter is the thing that undergoes c
3、hange from contrary to contrary.be able of receving both contrariesFour Causes of Substancesmatter(质料因）form（形式因）privation（动力因）efficient cause（目的因）Being exists in two sensesexisting potentially(potentiality)-matter, being comes into being from being as potential, matter pre-exists its change.existing
4、 actually(actualization)-form, the purpose of change of matter, therefore must pre-exists its change.Three meanings of the termsubstanceIt can meanmatter in the sense that it is that which underlies the change.It can mean nature, in the sense of the form or essence of the thing, the positive state t
5、owards which movement takes place.one could call the individual thing consisting of matter and form a substacnes, since it is a this.Change will regress to infinityThere must be a stop!A terminal pointThe logical starting point of the infinite change must be an unchanging substance, causing change but not being subject to change.cause motion but has no potentiality, therefore it has no matter, it must be an eternal,unmovablemover.结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！17
