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1、What do you know about 宾语从句宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。 主句主句是复合句的主体，是复合句的主体，从句从句仅仅是主句的一个仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。宾语从句通常宾语从句通常紧跟在及物动词后紧跟在及物动词后, ,充当宾语充当宾语.(.(不是简单的词汇不是简单的词汇) )从句从句: :由某一引导词引导由某一引导词引导, ,具有完整的主谓结构具有完整的主谓结构, ,但不能但不能 独立使用独立使用. .它
2、只从属与主从复合句它只从属与主从复合句, ,在在主从复合句主从复合句 中充当什么成分就称之为什么从句中充当什么成分就称之为什么从句.FindoutthesubjectandobjectIstillrememberhisface.Istillrememberwhathelookslike.Iknowthisplacewell.Iknowthatthisplaceisfamousforitspleasantweather.Ihopetodowellinmystudy.IhopethatIcandowellinmystudy.1. .由从属连词由从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句
3、2.由连接代词由连接代词who,whom,whose,which，what和和连接副词连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句3.由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略1.Ihear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）一小时后他会回来）2.Hesaid(that)_.（他非常想念我们他非常想念我们）hewillbebackinanhour hemissedusverymuchobjectclauseswiththataftertransitiveverbo
4、bjectclauseswiththatafterpredicativeadjectivesHerearesomeadjectivesthatwecanuseinthisway.afraidgladsadexcitedangrycertainproudsureunhappysorrypleased surprisedfrightenedIamafraid(that)Icantattendyourparty.Theteacherwasangry(that)theclasswerenoisy!Lucywashappy(that)shehadpassedtheexam.Wearesure(that)
5、wellwinthegame.Heissurprised(that)heisinvitedtotheball.P87 You went to see a doctor last week. Write about the visit using the adjectives from the box and the sentences below. Use a different adjective each time.glad pleased sure surprised worried1.I arrived at the hospital on time.2.There were a lo
6、t of people.3. The doctor might be too busy to see me.I was glad that I arrived at the hospital on time.I was surprised that there were a lot of people.I was worried that the doctor might be too busy to see me.P87 You went to see a doctor last week. Write about the visit using the adjectives from th
7、e box and the sentences below. Use a different adjective each time.glad pleased sure surprised worried4. The doctor was very patient.5. I would get well soon.I was pleased that the doctor was very patient.I was sure that I would get well soon.1.Heasked_.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_.（他们在等谁）3.Heasked _.（谁的书
8、法是班上最好的）whocouldanswerthequestionwhom theyre waiting forwhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.objectclauseswithquestionwords5.Doyouknow_（哪本书更好哪本书更好?）6.Pleasetellme_（我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开会）7.Canyoutellme_（他在哪儿他在哪儿）8.Couldyoutellme_.（我该怎么去车我该怎么去车站站）which book is better?when well have the meeting?where he is?h
9、ow I can go to the station?1.Iwanttoknow_.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Askhim_.（他是否能来）他是否能来）3.Idontknow_.（是否要下雨）（是否要下雨） if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornotobjectclauseswithif/whether当句末为当句末为or not时，时，引导词只能用引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.当与不定式连用时，当与不定式连用时，引导词只能用引
10、导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.当与介词连用时，当与介词连用时，引导词只能用引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.Theyaskedmewhethertositbesideme.Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系陈述句变为引导的宾语从句1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.HesaidthatIwasyo
11、ungerthanhim. He says that Tom is a good student. 1.确定连接词确定连接词(根据从句句式根据从句句式)从从 句句 的的 句句 式式连连 接词接词 陈陈 述述 句句that一般疑问句一般疑问句if(whether)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问词特殊疑问词祈使句祈使句肯定句肯定句to+to+动词原形动词原形否定句否定句notto+ 动词原形3.确定从句的时态确定从句的时态(根据主句时态根据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从句句时时态态连连接接前前连连接接后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一
12、般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时2.确定从句语序确定从句语序(把从句变成陈述句把从句变成陈述句)3.确定从句的时态确定从句的时态( (根据主句的时态而定根据主句的时态而定) )直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2.当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。e
13、.g. Theteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundthesun. 注注 意意1.三姊妹三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1.由由that引导的宾语从句。如：引导的宾语从句。如：We knew that we should learn from each other.2. 由由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如引导的宾语从句。如： Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3. 由由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的等连接代词或连接副
14、词引导的宾语从句。如：宾语从句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？2.过三关1. 1. 引导词关引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用如果从句是陈述句，引导词用thatthat（thatthat在口语或非正式文体中常省略在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whetherif/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词词/ /副词副词( (who,whomwho,whom
15、, which, whose, , which, whose, what, how, when, what, how, when, where,whywhere,why) )2. 语序关语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work h
16、ard？I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.3. 时态关时态关如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：情况而定。如：I have heard（that）he will come back next week.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：定要用过去的某种时态。如：He said（that)he h
17、ad been there .注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现从句都要用一般现在时。如在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.4.从句的简化从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词当主句谓语动词是是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾宾语宾补补”结构，宾补为不带结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或的不定式或V-ing形式。形式。如：如：She found th
18、at the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词在连接代词/副词引导
19、的宾语从句中，当从句副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为简化为“连接代词连接代词/副词不定式副词不定式”结构。如：结构。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the station？Can you tell me how to get to the station？5. 宾语从句的否定转移宾语从句的否定转移 当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, imagine 时，并且时，并且它的主语是第一人称时，它的主语是第一人称时，如果如果从句的
20、谓语动词表示否定意思，通常我们要将从句的谓语动词表示否定意思，通常我们要将否否定词转移到主句的谓语动词上定词转移到主句的谓语动词上，即通过否定主句，即通过否定主句的谓语动词来否定从句的谓语动词。这中语法现的谓语动词来否定从句的谓语动词。这中语法现象就是象就是宾语从句的否定转移。宾语从句的否定转移。I dont believe she will tell you about it.We dont think he is right.We dont believe that he did the job himself.6. 宾语从句反意问句及应该的注意问题宾语从句反意问句及应该的注意问题通常反意
21、问句部分的构成通常反意问句部分的构成,常和主句的主谓常和主句的主谓 保持一致保持一致:WeallknowthattheycomefromAmerica,dont we?Yousawthatthefirehadbeenputout,didnt you?Hethinksthatwemissedthetrain, doesnt he ?但是当主句部分的主谓是但是当主句部分的主谓是:“Ithink,Idontbelieve”时时,这时的反意问句部分这时的反意问句部分,则要和从句的主谓保持一致则要和从句的主谓保持一致:Ibelieveyoucanwinthegame, cant you?Idontgue
22、ssthattheirteamwillwin, will it?IdontthinksheisfromCanada, is she?注意：两副面孔注意：两副面孔if和和when既能引导时间状语从句，既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔两副面孔”的哪一副。的哪一副。如如：Ifitrainstomorrow，Iwontcome.（时间状语从句）（时间状语从句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）（宾语从句）P89 B1 Comp
23、lete the object clauses with the words from the box.how when whether why what where which who1.Do you know fast food is bad for your health?2.I do not know the stadium is.3. Can you tell me I can improve my health?4. They are discussing kinds of exercise are best for our health.whywherehowwhichP89 B
24、1 Complete the object clauses with the words from the box.how when whether why what where which who5. You will not believe I met today!6. He asked me I got up this morning.7. I cannot decide drink I should have for lunch.8. I am not sure I can do well in my exams next week.whowhenwhatwhetherP89 B2 P
25、ut the words in the correct order to make meaningful sentences.1.I/ stress/ such/ know/ that/ is/ did not/ a big problem2.peer pressure/ asked/ He/ me/ how/ I/ dealt with3. my lifestyle/ He/ is not/ says/ healthy/ enough/ thatI did not know that stress is such a big problem.He asked me how I dealt w
26、ith peer pressure.He says that my lifestyle is not healthy enough.P89 B2 Put the words in the correct order to make meaningful sentences.4. wonders/ how/ He/ take care of/ I/ my body5. have learnt/ that/ I / is/ stress/ a good medicine/ for/ laughter.6. a healthy diet/ believes/ it is important/ tha
27、t/ She/ to eatHe wonders how I take care of my body.I have learnt that a good laughter is a good medicine.She believes it is important to eat a healthy diet.一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。的复合句。1TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_theseflowers_fromGuangdong.2.Lighttravelsfasterthanso
28、und.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_light_fasterthansound.thatwerethattravels3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me
29、 _ the children _ _ games.ifwouldbeiftheycouldspeakwhetherareplaying6.How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?7Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?8What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _
30、often _ about.howmanypeople youcanseewhere she parkedwhathetalked二、选择填空1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid_.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring2.Tomaskedmyfriend_.A.wherewashefromB.WhydidIcamelateC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangryDD 3.Letmetellyou_.A.howmuchisth
31、ecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar4.Peterknew_.A.ifhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParisDB 5.Couldyoutellme_?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein6.I
32、cantunderstand_theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleftBA-Wheredoyouthink_he_theTVset?-Sorry,Ivenoidea.A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought-Themanagercameuptosee_.-Yeah,Therearesomanypeoplethere.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.whatsthematterAA
