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1、非谓语动词2010届届高三英语语法复习之高三英语语法复习之 作用种类主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词分词种类与作用种类与作用形式与构型 不定式主动形式被动形式一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done 完成式having madehaving been made非谓语动词在非谓语动词在句子中所充当句子中所充当的成分的成分With 复合结构复合结构 做定语，做定语， 状语状语 - ing - ed - adv.With + n _
2、adj - to do - to be done和名词的关系为主动和名词的关系为主动和名词的关系为被动和名词的关系为被动表状态表状态表状态表状态表将来的主动表将来的主动表将来的被动表将来的被动1.He sits here, with his feet pointing to the others . 2.He sits here, with his hands tied to the chair.3.The boy is playing out side, with his face red .4.The boy stays at home , with his mother out .5.
3、The teacher walks into the classroom, with a book in his hand 6. He went home , with his homework to be done .作定语，放在名词后面作定语，放在名词后面n +-ing -ed-to do -to be done being done 主动和进行主动和进行被动和过去被动和过去将来的主动将来的主动将来的被动将来的被动正在进行的被动正在进行的被动1.The boy going to school now is my son.2.The plan discussed yesterday is a
4、 good one .3.The boy to go to school next year is my son . 4.The pan to be discussed tomorrow is a good one .5.The plan to be discussed present is a good one 不定式不定式下列词语接不定式做下列词语接不定式做定语定语1.Change,wish ,right, courage ,need ,promise, time, way, opportunity , the first, the second, the last, the only .
5、(1)不定式与所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的不定式与所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系主谓关系Hes always the first (one) to come to school .There is no one to look after her . eg. He is the first person to come .(2).不定式和所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的不定式和所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系动宾关系 He is looking for a room to live in. I have a meeting to attend . (3).现在分词做定语表现在分词做定语表进行进行
6、,过去分词做定语表示过去分词做定语表示完成完成 ;单个分词做定语放在修饰词的单个分词做定语放在修饰词的前面前面;短语做短语做定语放在定语放在后面后面. a burning stick a fallen leaf The girl standing by the door. The book written by LuXun 作状语作状语 表时间或原因表时间或原因主动和进行主动和进行,时间上无先后时间上无先后被动和过去被动和过去,时间上无先后时间上无先后主动和进行主动和进行,时间上有先后时间上有先后被动和过去被动和过去,时间上有先后时间上有先后- ing- ed-having doneHavin
7、g been done否定式在否定式在-ing前直接加前直接加not 或在或在ing 后加后加neverattention表原因时可不分先后表原因时可不分先后1. Standing on the top of the mountain,I found the school is very beautiful.2.Seen from the mountain , the school is very beautiful.3.Having finished my homework. I went home immediately.4.Having beaten by my father, I we
8、nt out to see my mother . 5.Not having received his letter, he went home = Having never received his letter , he went home .否定式要否定式要not把加把加-ing在前面，或把在前面，或把never加在加在-ing后面后面.下列少数短语为惯用语，下列少数短语为惯用语，为固定形式。为固定形式。Judging from , generally speaking , honestly speaking , strictly speaking ,talking of , speak
9、ing of . 目的状语目的状语To study English well , we must practise everyday. 结果状语结果状语 He hurried to school, only to find she had left.原因状语原因状语We all jumped to hear of his success.作状语作状语In order not to ：可首句，可尾句：可首句，可尾句So as not to ：只可尾句：只可尾句To ：可首可尾：可首可尾 only to do ：结果却，常指意想不到的结果：结果却，常指意想不到的结果 不定式的否定式，否定词不定式的
10、否定式，否定词Not 或或never seldom hardly要放在要放在 to的前面。的前面。 she checked the names so as not to make mistakes 作目的状语的词作目的状语的词Attention 分词作其他的状语分词作其他的状语伴随状语伴随状语结果状语结果状语1.the teacher came in , followed by some students. 2. He sat by the table , reading a bookHis father died , leaving him some money. 作主语作主语没有太大的区别
11、，表示一般的抽作主语没有太大的区别，表示一般的抽象概念用动名词，象概念用动名词， 表示具体的个别的将表示具体的个别的将来的用不定式来的用不定式可用作形式主语结构或形式宾语结构可用作形式主语结构或形式宾语结构.用用it 作形作形式主语式主语.用用 for 或或of 来表示逻辑主语来表示逻辑主语.for 不定式不定式的特点的特点;of 人的特点人的特点 1.Its difficult for you to study English. 2.Its foolish of you to ask her for help 作宾语作宾语直接用动名词作宾语的词直接用动名词作宾语的词直接接不定式直接接不定式S
12、uggest,finish ,avoid,stop,cant help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,excuse,pardon,advise,consider,keep,leave off,put off, keep on, give up .wish.hope,agree,ask,promise,mean,decide,expect,manage,offer,pretend,plan,refuse,care,fail, afford,determine.有些动词可接不定式，有些可接动名词。无太有些动词可接不定式，有些可接动名词。无太大区别。但不定式表具体
13、，动名词表抽象。大区别。但不定式表具体，动名词表抽象。但有些接不定式和动名词表示的意义不同但有些接不定式和动名词表示的意义不同regret,forget,remember:接不定式表示没做，接不定式表示没做， 接动名词表示做完接动名词表示做完.try doing ,试用某种办法做某事试用某种办法做某事;try to do 表示努力做某事表示努力做某事1.lets try doing the work some other day.2.try to work hard, and then you will success. Start, begin:可接不定式可接动名词，意义相等。可接不定式可接
14、动名词，意义相等。但下列情况只可接不定式但下列情况只可接不定式.1.主语是人不是物。主语是人不是物。2.本身是进行时本身是进行时.3.其后的动词是表示心理状况的词其后的动词是表示心理状况的词.understand,realize,know,see etc.1.The ice began to melt when the sun comes out . 2.I was beginning to be angry.3.I began to understand what he said . 1.I saw him playing in the park just now. But now he i
15、snt there.2. I hear him playing piano next room. Its wonderful.3. I saw a dog tied to a chair. Its going to died .作宾补作宾补作宾补作宾补 doing sthSee sb do sth done sth用于所有的感官动词用于所有的感官动词用于所有的感官动词用于所有的感官动词 see, hear, see, hear, notice, watch, feel notice, watch, feel 表动作在进行表动作在进行表过程，完成表过程，完成表被动表被动可接不定式做宾补的词：可接不定式做宾补的词：Permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encourage,warn,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,teach.接不定式既做宾语又做宾补的接不定式既做宾语又做宾补的词词:.ask,beg,like,help,promise,wish,want,expect.Bye -bye Good luck
