全新版大学英语第三册第二版电子教案Unit8

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1、Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ mainWord WebWarm-up QuestionsTest Your Knowledge on CloningListening ComprehensionBackground InformationSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBe

2、fore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ English Song _ mainBackground InformationHwang Woo-SukStemagenCloningDollyThe PopeSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Sales Promotion _ mainWord Web What words or expressions will occur to y

3、ou whenever we mention “cloning”? Write down as many words and phrases as possible.identicalunethical embryoreplicatehorrifyingreproductivescientiststem cellriskDolly, the sheephuman cloninggenedisputablecure diseaseorganscientific advancesci-fi filmorganSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Re

4、adingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Introductory Remarks Warm-up Questions 1. What is cloning? Are there different types of cloning?2. How can cloning technologies be used?3. What animals have been cloned so far, and for what purpose?4. Can organs be cloned for use i

5、n transplants? If so, give examples.5. What are the risks of cloning?6. Should humans be cloned?Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Listen and Complete 1. The concept of “cloning” was originally a science fiction idea. FCl

6、oning was not originally a sci-fi idea although sci-fi writers have enjoyed playing about with the concept. Clones have always occurred in nature.( )Test Your Knowledge on Cloning2. “Clone” comes from the ancient Greek word meaning “trouble”.FThe word “clone” comes from the ancient Greek word meanin

7、g “twig” i.e., a division from the main branch.( )Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 13. One cell could theoretically launch a thousand clones.TIt takes a whole cell to start a clone but of co

8、urse therere millions of genetically identical cells in an animal organ.( )4. Dolly the sheep was grown in a test-tube.FAlthough the cloning process takes place in lab conditions, the embryo has to be transferred into a surrogate mother to develop into a whole animal.( )Supplementary ReadingAfter Re

9、adingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 25. Cloned animals have the same personality as their “parent”.FCloned animals may or may not have the same personality as their parent personality is partly determined by the environmen

10、t.( )Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 36. If you cloned yourself the clone would be the same age as you are. FIf you cloned yourself, the clone would begin like any other baby as a single-ce

11、lled organism and take nine months before it was born.( )Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 4Listening ComprehensionListen to the passage about animal cloning and answer the questions. tadpole

12、: 蝌蚪蝌蚪somatic: 身体的，体壁的身体的，体壁的embryonic: 胚胎的胚胎的 strip: 剥去剥去gaur: 野牛野牛traumatic: 创伤的创伤的1. When was the first animal cloned?In 1952.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 52. How were clones created

13、before the creation of Dolly?They were created from embryonic cells.3. What is the technology used in cloning the animals?Nuclear transfer technology.4. Can all species be cloned? Why?No. Because some species may be more resistant to somatic cell nuclear transfer.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDe

14、tailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning Scientists have been cloning animals for many years. In 1952, the first animal, a tadpole, was cloned. Before the creation of Dolly, the first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal, clones were created from embryonic c

15、ells. Since Dolly, researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a gaur. All these clones were created using nuclear transfer technology. Hundreds of cloned animals exist today, but the number of different species is limited.

16、 Attempts at cloning certain species have been unsuccessful. Some speciesB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 6Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 6species may be more resistant to somatic cell n

17、uclear transfer than others. The process of stripping the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a donor cell is a traumatic one, and improvements in cloning technologies may be needed before many species can be cloned successfully.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Re

18、adingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningCloning describes the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. The most famous clone was a S

19、cottish sheep named Dolly. B R _ Questions and Answers 1Cloning Gene cloningReproductive cloningTherapeutic cloningTypes of CloningCreationIt creates copies of genes or segments of DNA.It creates copies of whole animals.It creates embryonic stem cells.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Readi

20、ngGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Questions and Answers 2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Definition 1Hwang Woo-Suk a South Korean veterinarian researcher a professor of theriogenology an

21、d biotechnology at Seoul National University (dismissed on March 20, 2006)infamous for fabricating a series of experiments in the field of stem cell researchSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Definition 2 Hwang Woo-Suk wa

22、s considered one of the pioneering experts in the field of stem cell research until November 2005, best known for two articles published in the journal Science in 2004 and 2005 where he fraudulently reported to have succeeded in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning. Both papers were later

23、editorially retracted after they were found to contain a large amount of fabricated data.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Definition 3Stemagen a corporation headed by Dr. Samuel Wood notable for cloning adult skin cells

24、It successfully created the first 5 mature human embryos using DNA from adult skin cells.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Questions and Answers 2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed R

25、eadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Definition 4DollyAddressed as:Dolly: July 5, 1996 February 14, 2003Remarkable for:Cloned by:Cloned in:The worlds most famous sheep.Being the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell.Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell and colleagues.Edinburgh, Scotland.Supp

26、lementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Definition 5Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Definition 6The Pope the Bishop of Rome the leader of the worldw

27、ide Catholic Churchhead of state of Vatican CityThe current pope (as in 2010) is Pope Benedict XVI, elected April 19, 2005 in papal conclave.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Definition 7Supplementary ReadingAfter Readin

28、gDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ mainPart Division of the Text Further UnderstandingSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Further UnderstandingFurther UnderstandingFor Part 2For Part 1 True or False For Part

29、3 Blank Filling Table CompletionMultiple ChoiceSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Part Division of the Text Part Division of the TextPartsPara(s)Main Ideas 114The writer relates under what circumstances the stem cell research company Ste

30、magen was set up.2523The writer gives an account of their research efforts toward the goal of creating lines of embryonic stem cells using a process known as therapeutic cloning.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Part Division of the Tex

31、tPartsMain Ideas The writer tells about his attitude towards criticisms against using embryos for scientific research.32427Para(s)Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ True or False 1True or False1. When Hwang Woo-Suk reported his success i

32、n creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning, people felt they were cheated. 2. A lot of diseases would be treated if human embryonic stem cells can really be created by cloning. FWhen Hwang Woo-Suk reported his success in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning, people felt very excited.

33、( )T( )Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ True or False 23. Dr. Wood has a profound love for his mother. T( )4. Dr. Wood decided to do something for his mother when she developed diabetes. FDr. Wood decided to do something for his mother

34、 at her funeral.( )Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ True or False 35. The other founder of Stemagen, the stem research company, also lost his father to diabetes. FThe other founder of Stemagen, the stem research company, lost his fathe

35、r to ALS.( )6. As his mother had diabetes, Dr. Wood thought it was rather ordinary to see his mother lose her eyesight and most of her ability to walk. FIt was absolutely horrifying for Dr. Wood to see his mother lose her eyesight and most of her ability to walk. ( )Supplementary ReadingAfter Readin

36、gDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ True or False 1Table Completion Reproductive cloning VS Therapeutic cloning PurposeEffectsReproductive cloningThe majority of reproductive clones are abnormal, with very high miscarriage rates, very high stillbirth rates, fetal anomali

37、es, death soon after birth, etc.To create an exact copy of an animal or human that already exists or has existedSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ True or False 3PurposeEffectsTherapeutic cloningTo harvest embryonic stem cells for use in

38、 medical treatmentsTherapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Multiple Choice11.What are t

39、he researchers interested in? _A. Cloning genes.B. Helping the sick.C. Creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines.D. Putting a human face on cloning.Multiple ChoiceSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning1.What are the researcher

40、s interested in? _G R _ Multiple Choice1AAA. Cloning genes.B. Helping the sick.C. Creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines.D. Putting a human face on cloning.Multiple ChoiceSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning1.What are the

41、 researchers interested in? _G R _ Multiple Choice1BA. Cloning genes.B. Helping the sick.C. Creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines.D. Putting a human face on cloning.Multiple ChoiceBSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning1.W

42、hat are the researchers interested in? _G R _ Multiple Choice1CA. Cloning genes.B. Helping the sick.C. Creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines.D. Putting a human face on cloning.Multiple ChoiceCSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8

43、 Cloning1.What are the researchers interested in? _G R _ Multiple Choice1DA. Cloning genes.B. Helping the sick.C. Creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines.D. Putting a human face on cloning.Multiple ChoiceDSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Re

44、adingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Multiple Choice22. What is Dr. Wood referred to as? _A. The man to clone Dolly.B. The first man to clone human embryonic stem cells.C. The first man to cure diabetes.D. The first man to “clone himself”.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Re

45、adingUnit 8 Cloning2. What is Dr. Wood referred to as? _G R _ Multiple Choice2AA. The man to clone Dolly.B. The first man to clone human embryonic stem cells.C. The first man to cure diabetes.D. The first man to “clone himself”.ASupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore

46、ReadingUnit 8 Cloning2. What is Dr. Wood referred to as? _G R _ Multiple Choice2BA. The man to clone Dolly.B. The first man to clone human embryonic stem cells.C. The first man to cure diabetes.D. The first man to “clone himself”.BSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefor

47、e ReadingUnit 8 Cloning2. What is Dr. Wood referred to as? _G R _ Multiple Choice2CA. The man to clone Dolly.B. The first man to clone human embryonic stem cells.C. The first man to cure diabetes.D. The first man to “clone himself”.CSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBef

48、ore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning2. What is Dr. Wood referred to as? _G R _ Multiple Choice2DA. The man to clone Dolly.B. The first man to clone human embryonic stem cells.C. The first man to cure diabetes.D. The first man to “clone himself”.DSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingB

49、efore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Multiple Choice33. What has led to the firestorm of controversy? _A. Humanizing cloning.B. Providing a roadmap.C. Serving the purpose of helping the patients.D. A woman donating an egg.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit

50、 8 Cloning3. What has led to the firestorm of controversy? _G R _ Multiple Choice3AA. Humanizing cloning.B. Providing a roadmap.C. Serving the purpose of helping the patients.D. A woman donating an egg.ASupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning3. Wh

51、at has led to the firestorm of controversy? _G R _ Multiple Choice3BA. Humanizing cloning.B. Providing a roadmap.C. Serving the purpose of helping the patients.D. A woman donating an egg.BSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning3. What has led to t

52、he firestorm of controversy? _G R _ Multiple Choice3CA. Humanizing cloning.B. Providing a roadmap.C. Serving the purpose of helping the patients.D. A woman donating an egg.CSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning3. What has led to the firestorm of

53、 controversy? _G R _ Multiple Choice3DA. Humanizing cloning.B. Providing a roadmap.C. Serving the purpose of helping the patients.D. A woman donating an egg.DSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Multiple Choice44. Why were people skeptical

54、 about their achievement?A. Because its impossible to clone blastocyst nowadays.B. Because the cell had been destroyed.C. Because some scientists cheated the public in the past.D. Because the researchers couldnt prove the embryos were clones._Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal

55、ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning_G R _ Multiple Choice4A4. Why were people skeptical about their achievement?A. Because its impossible to clone blastocyst nowadays.B. Because the cell had been destroyed.C. Because some scientists cheated the public in the past.D. Because the researchers couldnt p

56、rove the embryos were clones.ASupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Multiple Choice4B4. Why were people skeptical about their achievement?A. Because its impossible to clone blastocyst nowadays.B. Because the cell had been destroyed.C. Becau

57、se some scientists cheated the public in the past.D. Because the researchers couldnt prove the embryos were clones._BSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Multiple Choice4C4. Why were people skeptical about their achievement?A. Because its

58、impossible to clone blastocyst nowadays.B. Because the cell had been destroyed.C. Because some scientists cheated the public in the past.D. Because the researchers couldnt prove the embryos were clones._CSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R

59、_ Multiple Choice4D4. Why were people skeptical about their achievement?A. Because its impossible to clone blastocyst nowadays.B. Because the cell had been destroyed.C. Because some scientists cheated the public in the past.D. Because the researchers couldnt prove the embryos were clones._DSupplemen

60、tary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning1.2.3.To Dr. Wood, its an to be by the Vatican and President Bush in the same week.Researchers in the field and their usually have no dialogue.To give an embryo doesnt make sense to Dr. Wood.G R _ Blank Filling Blank

61、Filling honor_condemned_embryonic stem cell_opponents_all the rights of a human life_Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning I was extremely close with my mother all my life. She was a brilliant educator, writer and wonderful woman. Sadly, she dev

62、eloped complications related to diabetes. When she lost her eyesight and most ofof her ability to walk, it was absolutely horrifying for me. She passed away from a fall seven or eight years ago. At her funeral, I swore that one day Id do something about conditions like hers. D R _ Text 1HUMAN CLONIN

63、G: A SCIENTISTS STORYDr. Samuel Wood via interviewSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning Years passed and I read about the work the South Koreans had done with stem cells. In 2004 and 2005 Hwang Woo-Suk fraudulently reported that he had succeeded

64、 in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning. Back then it wasnt known it was a fraud, so it was very exciting to think that a long list of diseases could be treated. I founded the stem cell research company Stemagen with another gentleman whose father had died of ALS. We went out for drinks o

65、ne night and we started talking about our parents. We wanted to do something that would be a legacy for them. D R _ Text 2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningFor Better Or Worse?D R _ Text 3 The moment we decided to start Stemagen, I read all t

66、here was to read about the various cloning efforts in the past. The cloned sheep Dolly in 1997 wasvery interesting, but at that stage people were not focusing on the stem cell aspect of cloning; they were focusing on the reproductive possibilities of cloning. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetail

67、ed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning Human reproductive cloning is just simply wrong ethically from a medical standpoint and a scientific standpoint, even ignoring any religious issues associated with it. The reason is that the majority of reproductive clones in other species are act

68、ually abnormal, with very high miscarriage rates, very high stillbirth rates, fetal anomalies, death soon after birth, et cetera. It would just be absolutely wrong to take a human being and put them through what may well involve significant suffering for really no good end. Even though people could

69、take the techniques that weve developed and attempt to do it (or perhaps even be successful doing it), we hope that they would not. D R _ Text 4Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning On the other hand, therapeutic cloning does not involve any typ

70、e of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in real human beings who are going through some awful things. Im a pure scientist in some ways, and I know that many different studies or findings could be used for evil. Our job as scientists is to make t

71、he most of this technology and make it available to the greatest number of other scientists who can help us do good things with it. Theres really no effective way for an individual scientist to stop someone else from using the knowledge for something they shouldnt. D R _ Text 5Supplementary ReadingA

72、fter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning We need to be honest about the techniques that we used. They need to be able to be replicated by other people, and so, we are providing a roadmap. I would hope that the legislation thats in place and the great public disapproval

73、that would result from any attempt to clone a human would dissuade anyone from going down that path. What is it they say? There is no technology that hasnt been used for some evil purpose at some point. Quite honestly I do think that someone will attempt human reproductive cloning. I do think its in

74、evitable, and its virtually impossible to legislate that away. D R _ Text 6Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning I am spoken of as the first man to “clone himself.” There are different types of cloning. At the cellular level, yes, its true I am

75、the first man to clone himself. We thought a great deal about how to dealwith the issue of whose cells we should use and whether we should let the world and the scientific community know who the first cellular clone was. In the end we decided that we wanted to put a human face on cloning.D R _ Text

76、7Claim to FameSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning I didnt anticipate it would create the firestorm of controversy that its created, but Im still glad we went down that path. We received thousands of e-mails and phone calls from people who need

77、 help. I think by coming forward and putting a face to it we made it very real, and now people around the world know that cloning is here. I believe that very soon it will be used therapeutically, so I think our purpose was served. Pure Science What happens is an informed and consenting woman donate

78、s an egg and we remove her genetic material from the egg. Then we place a single skin cell inside that egg.D R _ Text 8Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning What were really interested in is creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cel

79、l lines. The procedure of taking cells from a person takes no more than a minute or two. You can take some skin cells from the arm, for example, and in one to two minutes, you can get the cells that you need to carry out this process. This process enables us to study the causes of specific diseases,

80、 such as Alzheimers Disease, ALS or Parkinsons Disease, and then research a variety of treatments for these diseases. If the stem cell lines are created for any given individual and are later transplanted back into the individual, they will not be rejected by the individual. D R _ Text 9Supplementar

81、y ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ Text 10Sweet Success I always thought that when our research was successful I would just be pleased that we had accomplished this when others had not. In reality, it is transcendenttranscendent when you look throug

82、h the microscope, you see what you may have looked like a long time ago, at least in part. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning When I looked down and saw that cloned blastocyst, it brought tears to my eyes. I had done this for my mother, and I

83、 realized, had she only been able to live a few years longer, maybe we could have used this technology to help her. It was emotional to see that potential, which she never had a chance to experience. Theres a big misconception out there that we decided to destroy these embryos for some reason. There

84、 was so much skepticism about this process because of the scientific fraud from the past that it was critical that there be no doubt that they were clones. D R _ Text 11Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ Text 12 In the process of analysi

85、s, the embryos were destroyed by necessity. In other words, to get the genetic material from inside the cells to analyze it, you have to destroy the cell. We would have loved to have been able to avoid destroying them. Now were working full-time on creating stem cell lines, and people are watching w

86、ith great interest. The Pope And The President There are a variety of opponents to our work.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ Text 13 We were condemned by the Vatican and mentioned in a negative light in President Bushs State of the Uni

87、on address. In a sense its an honor because it shows that were doingdoing something significant. Its not every day that you get condemned by the Vatican and President Bush in the same week. Theres usually no dialogue between the researchers in the embryonic stem cell field and those who oppose it. S

88、upplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ Text 14 It doesnt make sense to me that its such an emotional and contentious topic. Logically, this is not life. I agree its a potential life, but the vast majority of embryos never become life. The maj

89、ority generate, dont implant and die. A fetus is a life. That argument makes sense to me, but it doesnt make sense to me to look at an embryo in a lab and give it all the rights of a human life.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ Sentence

90、 2 _ Sadly, she 不幸的是，她患上了糖尿病引起的并发症。当她丧失视不幸的是，她患上了糖尿病引起的并发症。当她丧失视力和大部分行走能力时，我惊恐万状力和大部分行走能力时，我惊恐万状。1. What does “complications” specifically refer to?It refers to the diseases derived from diabetes, like the loss of eyesight and being unable to move.Sadly, she developed complications related to diabet

91、es. When she lost her eyesight and most of her ability to walk, it was absolutely horrifying for me.2. Translate these sentences into Chinese.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ Sentence 2 _ I founded the stem cell What is in common betwe

92、en the two founders?They both lost their parent to a terrible disease.I founded the stem cell research company Stemagen with another gentleman whose father had died of ALS.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ Sentence 3 _ It would just be

93、It would just be absolutely wrong to take a human being and put them through what may well involve significant suffering for really no good end.1. What is the real subject of the sentence?“to take a human being and put them through what may well involve significant suffering for really no good end”.

94、2. What is Dr. Wood talking about?Hes talking about the terrible aspects of reproductive cloning.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ On the other hand1. What are “some awful things”?Terrible pain generated by diseases.On the other hand, t

95、herapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in real human beings who are going through some awful things.2. What is Dr. Woods attitude towards therapeutic cloning? He holds a positive attitude towards it.Su

96、pplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ Sentence 7 _ Theres really no effective Theres really no effective way for an individual scientist to stop someone else from using the knowledge for something they shouldnt.1. What does “something they sh

97、ouldnt” mean?It means human reproductive cloning.2. According to Dr. Wood, is it possible to stop human reproductive cloning?No. He honestly thinks that someone will attempt human reproductive cloning and there is no way to stop it.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefo

98、re ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ Sentence 8 _ I would hope that the 1. Paraphrase “legislation thats in place”.Appropriate legislation.I would hope that the legislation thats in place and the great public disapproval that would result from any attempt to clone a human would dissuade anyone from going d

99、own that path.2. What is the public against?The public is against the attempt to clone a human.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ Sentence 8 _ In the end we decided that 1. Paraphrase the sentence.In the end we decided that we wanted to

100、put a human face on cloning.At last we decided that we wanted to associate cloning with a specific person so as to make it very real.2. Why did Dr. Wood and his research group put a human face on cloning?Because by doing so, they could make cloning very real so that people around the world know that

101、 cloning is coming along.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ Sentence 9 _ When I looked down and 1. How did Dr. Wood feel at that time?When I looked down and saw that cloned blastocyst, it brought tears to my eyes.He felt very excited and

102、 emotional.2. Why did the sight of the cloned blastocyst bring tears to his eyes?Because the research was done for his mother, and he realized that if she had only been able to live a few years longer, maybe they could have used this technology to help her.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed

103、ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ Sentence 9 _ We would have loved We would have loved to have been able to avoid destroying them.1. Whats the grammatical feature of this sentence?The subjunctive mood.2. How did Dr. Wood think about destroying them?He thought it was a pity.Suppl

104、ementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ Sentence 9 _ It doesnt make sense It doesnt make sense to me that its such an emotional and contentious topic.1. Do people already have an agreement on this topic?No. Its still disputable.2. Why does Dr. Woo

105、d argue that it doesnt make sense to make their work an emotional and contentious topic?Because he thinks that logically. According to him, an embryo is not life, although it is a potential life. The vast majority of embryos never become life they just generate, dont implant and die.Supplementary Re

106、adingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningMany cars look alike because their makers cloned their competitors designs.D R _ word _ cloneclone: 1. n. a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual by some kind of asexual r

107、eproductionResearchers produced clones from adult mice in 1998.2. v. make multiple identical copies ofThe debate continues over whether it is ethically right to clone a human embryo.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ brilliant 1br

108、illiant: adj. of surpassing excellenceHe has got brilliant achievements in the field of physics.她很有才华，但工作缺乏条理。她很有才华，但工作缺乏条理。She is brilliant but her work lacks organization.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ brilliant 2bright, cle

109、ver & brilliant这三个词都是形容词，都有这三个词都是形容词，都有“聪明的聪明的”、“才思敏捷的才思敏捷的”之意。之意。bright是普通用语，多指年轻人或小孩，常用于口语，是普通用语，多指年轻人或小孩，常用于口语， 书写语言不宜多用。强调理解力强，思维非常活书写语言不宜多用。强调理解力强，思维非常活 跃，谈话与态度也活泼生动。例如：跃，谈话与态度也活泼生动。例如：CF:I have among my students a number of very bright youngsters. 我的学生当中有许多十分聪明的孩子。我的学生当中有许多十分聪明的孩子。Supplementar

110、y ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ brilliant 3clever 更强调天生的聪颖，有较高的理解力、思维敏更强调天生的聪颖，有较高的理解力、思维敏 捷、思路灵活，接受新东西快，但不强调理解捷、思路灵活，接受新东西快，但不强调理解 得深刻全面。这个词也指灵活的双手与矫健的得深刻全面。这个词也指灵活的双手与矫健的 身躯。例如：身躯。例如：CF:It was clever of you to think of that.你想到了那一点，真聪明。你

111、想到了那一点，真聪明。brilliant 指才华出众，超乎寻常的聪明，能解决指才华出众，超乎寻常的聪明，能解决各种各种 复复杂问题且游刃有余，获得普遍赞赏。例如杂问题且游刃有余，获得普遍赞赏。例如：All his colleagues consider him a brilliant surgeon.他的同行都认为他是一位杰出的外科医生。他的同行都认为他是一位杰出的外科医生。Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ compli

112、cation1) any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of (or because of) another diseaseComplications set in, and the patient plication: n. 2) the act or process of complicatingThe car ran out petrol, and as a further complication, I had no money!更麻烦的是他不肯坐飞机旅行。更麻烦的是他不肯坐飞机旅行。A further compli

113、cation was his refusal to travel by air.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ fraud 11) intentional deception resulting in injury to another personfraud: n. He combed through the files searching for evidence of fraud.2) a person who

114、makes deceitful pretensesThousands of credit card frauds are committed every year.He said he was an insurance salesman, but later she discovered he was a fraud.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloningdeception, fraud & trickery这三个词都是名词，都有这三个词都是名词，都

115、有“欺骗欺骗”之意之意。deception fraud trickeryD R _ word _ fraud 2应应用范围极广，可指从小到大的多种欺用范围极广，可指从小到大的多种欺骗行骗行为为。语气最温和时，它指必要的危害不。语气最温和时，它指必要的危害不大的大的欺欺骗行为。它最令人反感的意思是指为骗行为。它最令人反感的意思是指为了私了私利利而行骗而行骗。常常指指“复杂的、非个人的，对来者或一复杂的、非个人的，对来者或一般公般公众的欺众的欺骗行为骗行为”，着重指官方的欺骗行，着重指官方的欺骗行为或为或财财政舞政舞弊弊。“fraud”有时也用于认为无有时也用于认为无用用东西东西的夸张描写的夸张描

116、写。在在语气上比语气上比“deception”更严厉，用于更严厉，用于个个人或公人或公众的行为，指以有步骤的诡计来追众的行为，指以有步骤的诡计来追求求私利或达私利或达成目的成目的。CF:Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ fraud 3Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A land

117、development bankrupted a dozen of elderly couples. It was an innocent , meant as a joke. She referred to the pills as sweets, a harmless that made it easier to administer them to the child. The film was a total . They practiced on their fair-weather friends in order to seem richer and more famous th

118、an they were. fraud_deception_deception_fraud_trickery_deception, fraud & trickeryCF:Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ focus onfocus on: center uponHe has given up running in order to focus on the long jump.我们将集中讨论自由和必要性之间的关系这一问题

119、。我们将集中讨论自由和必要性之间的关系这一问题。Were going to focus on the relationship between freedom and necessity.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ standpointstandpoint: n. a mental position from which things are viewedLets look at this from a histo

120、rical standpoint.Has the matter been viewed from the taxpayers standpoint?Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ issue 1issue: n. point in question, important topic for discussionDont worry about who will do it thats just a side issue

121、.我们之间毫无问题。我们之间毫无问题。There was no issue at all between us.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ issue 2problem, question & issue这三个词都是名词，都有这三个词都是名词，都有“问题问题”之意之意。problem 是客观存在的等待解决的问题，着重困难，有是客观存在的等待解决的问题，着重困难，有 时指要求解答的题目。例如时指要求解答的题目。例如：

122、CF:How to exploit the natural resources of our country is a complicated problem. 如何开发我国的自然资源是一个复杂的问题。如何开发我国的自然资源是一个复杂的问题。question 是对某事怀疑因而提出等待是对某事怀疑因而提出等待“回答回答”的问的问题，题， 着着重疑惑和不能断定。例如重疑惑和不能断定。例如：Which way is better still remains an open question.哪个办法好仍是一个未能肯定的问题。哪个办法好仍是一个未能肯定的问题。Supplementary Reading

123、After ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ issue 3issue 是指意见不能达成一致的是指意见不能达成一致的“问题问题”，着重分，着重分歧和歧和 争争端。例如端。例如： CF:Can you distinguish the major issues from the minor ones?你能把主要问题和次要问题区分开来吗？你能把主要问题和次要问题区分开来吗？Collocation：提出争论点提出争论点/ /问题问题bring up / raise an issue

124、处理问题处理问题 address an issue解决争端解决争端settle an issue紧要问题紧要问题 a burning issue枝节问题枝节问题a side issueSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ tremendous 1tremendous: adj. 1) very great, immense 她工作起来干劲十足。她工作起来干劲十足。She does her work with tremendo

125、us vigor.She rose above her difficulties and became a tremendous success.2) (infml) very goodWe went to a tremendous party last night.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ tremendous 2large, huge & tremendous这三个词都是形容词，都有这三个词都是形容词，都有“

126、大的大的”之意之意。large 多指面积、体积、范围或数量之大多指面积、体积、范围或数量之大。huge 一般形容特大的物体，在非正式的用法中也可用于一般形容特大的物体，在非正式的用法中也可用于 抽象的比喻抽象的比喻。tremendous 所表示的大往往接近引起紧张或恐怖的程所表示的大往往接近引起紧张或恐怖的程 度，常见于文学作品中度，常见于文学作品中。CF:Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ tremendous 3Fil

127、l in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. 2. 3. 4. A number of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition. That required a effort. China is a country in Asia. The fifth blind man said that the elephant was exactly like a fan. large_tremendous_large

128、_huge_large, huge & tremendousCF:Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ potential 1potential:1. n. possibility of being developed or used, qualities that exist and can be developedThis new invention has an enormous sales potential.He

129、hasnt realized his full potential yet.2. adj. that can or may come into existence, possible发掘孩子的潜在能力很重要。发掘孩子的潜在能力很重要。Its important to draw out a childs potential capabilities.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ potential 2Collocati

130、on：发挥某人的潜力发挥某人的潜力develop ones potential认识某人的潜力认识某人的潜力realize ones potential在在方面的潜力方面的潜力a potential for .Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ in some waysin some ways: to a certain extent but not entirelyIn some ways, civilization do

131、es not seem to have progressed much in the last century. 这些变革有的方面有好处，有的方面没好处。这些变革有的方面有好处，有的方面没好处。The change is beneficial in some ways, but not in others.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ make the most ofmake the most of: profit

132、as much as one can from (sth./sb.)Weve only got one day in London, so lets make the most of it and see everything.今天天气真好，我们得好好享受这一天。今天天气真好，我们得好好享受这一天。Its a lovely day today we must make the most of it.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ w

133、ord _ legislation 1legislation: n. 1) laws considered collectively The committee proposed that new legislation should be drafted.The government will introduce legislation to restrict the sale of firearms.Legislation is not the Presidents power.2) action of making lawsSupplementary ReadingAfter Readi

134、ngDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ legislation 2Collocation：通过法规通过法规adopt/enact/pass legislation立法立法 introduce legislation起草法规起草法规draft legislationSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ in placein

135、 place:1. suitable or appropriateThe proposal is not quite in place.2. in the proper or usual positionEnsure that the grille is in place while the machinery is in operation.在离开办公室之前，应把所有物品摆放好。在离开办公室之前，应把所有物品摆放好。Before you leave the office, everything should be put in place.Supplementary ReadingAfter

136、 ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ disapproval 1disapproval: n. not approving (of sb./sth.) I noticed a slight frown of disapproval on his face.He shook his head in disapproval.他摇了摇头表示反对。他摇了摇头表示反对。Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Re

137、adingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ disapproval 2Collocation：表示不赞成表示不赞成express ones disapproval不赞成地不赞成地 in disapproval不以为然地不以为然地to ones disapprovalN.B.: 该词的反义词为该词的反义词为 approval，动词为，动词为 disapprove。Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD

138、R _ word _ result fromresult from: occur as a result ofHis failure resulted from not working hard enough.The flight delay resulted from mechanical problems.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ come forwardcome forward: volunteer one

139、self for a task or post or to give evidence about a crimeThree hundred donors have come forward in response to a request for people to give blood.警方呼吁目击者挺身而出。警方呼吁目击者挺身而出。Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingU

140、nit 8 CloningD R _ word _ consent 1consent: vi. give agreement or permissionHer father reluctantly consented to the marriage.My mother wont consent to my leaving school.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ consent 2consent, agree &

141、accept这三个词都是动词，都有这三个词都是动词，都有“同意同意”之意之意。consent 只限于同意或接受所提的建议或请示。通常只限于同意或接受所提的建议或请示。通常 是上对下的允许，它所表达的同意暗示这种同是上对下的允许，它所表达的同意暗示这种同 意带有阻力。例如意带有阻力。例如：CF:She consented to his proposal of marriage. 她同意了他的求婚。她同意了他的求婚。agree 应用比较广泛，它可以表示肯定的赞同，可应用比较广泛，它可以表示肯定的赞同，可是在是在 不不涉及声明和反应或事先协商的情况下，它涉及声明和反应或事先协商的情况下，它也可也可

142、用用来表示意见一致。例如来表示意见一致。例如：Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ consent 3CF: accept 指接受，同意收下。一般用于接受礼物、邀请指接受，同意收下。一般用于接受礼物、邀请、 好意、批评等。例如好意、批评等。例如：I met the new manager today and found that we agree on basic policies.我今天遇见了新经理，发现我们在基本政策上意

143、见一致。我今天遇见了新经理，发现我们在基本政策上意见一致。We should accept criticism with an open mind.我们应该虚心接受批评。我们应该虚心接受批评。Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ proceduredonate: v. give to a charity or good causeHe donated to cancer research.我充其量只能捐助我充其量只能捐助10

144、0美元。美元。I can donate 100 dollars at best.They used to donate large sum of money to the Red Cross every year.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ procedureprocedure: n. regular order or way of doing thingsThe company has new procedure

145、s for dealing with complaints.在机场检查手提行李现在已成例行程序。在机场检查手提行李现在已成例行程序。Searching handluggage at airports is now standard procedure.Collocation：建立程序建立程序establish a procedure按某一程序；遵照手续按某一程序；遵照手续follow a procedure的程序（手续）的程序（手续）a procedure for .Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading

146、Before ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ more thanno more than: at most; onlyJane left the restaurant at 3 p.m. and took a taxi to downtown Manhattan, a journey of no more than ten minutes even on a busy Friday afternoon.His whole school education added up to no more than one year.Supplementary Read

147、ingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ transplanttransplant:1. vt. take (tissue or an organ) from one person, animal or part of the body and put it into anotherHe survived a liver transplant.2. n.Doctors transplanted a monkeys heart into a two-year old

148、 child.1) an operation moving an organ from one organism (the donor) to another (the recipient)他的身体对移植的器官有排异反应。他的身体对移植的器官有排异反应。His body rejected the transplant.2) (surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipientSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore

149、ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ in realityin reality: in actual fact; reallyIn reality, things always happen out of expectation.人们的学校生活回想起来要比人们的学校生活回想起来要比实际上的快乐。实际上的快乐。Ones school life seems happier in retrospect than in reality.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefor

150、e ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ misconceptionmisconception: n. idea that is not correct or which has been based on a failure to understand a situationWe hope the program will dispel certain misconceptions about the disease.A number of misconceptions have grown up around this theory.Supplementary

151、 ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ analysisanalysis: n. study of sth. by examining its parts and their relationshipClose analysis of sales figures showed clear regional variations.他对该问题的分析显示出敏锐的洞察力。他对该问题的分析显示出敏锐的洞察力。His analysis of the problem

152、 showed great perception.Collocation：做分析做分析make an analysis经分析经分析upon analysis总之，归根结底总之，归根结底in the last/final analysisN.B.:该词的动词为该词的动词为 analyze 或或 analyse，它的复数为，它的复数为 analyses。Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ by necessityby nece

153、ssity: necessarily; unavoidablyHe walked to work by necessity, because there was no bus.由于没有公交车，他只好走路去上班。由于没有公交车，他只好走路去上班。As I said, what I did was dictated by necessity.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ opponentopponent: n. pers

154、on who is against another person in a fight, a game or an argumentHe beat his opponent in the election.他的对手毫无取胜的机会。他的对手毫无取胜的机会。His opponent did not stand a chance.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ condemncondemn: vt. criticize st

155、rongly, usually for moral reasonsWe condemned him for his bad conduct.The terrorist action has been condemned as an act of barbarism and cowardice.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ in a sensein a sense: in one way of speaking; pa

156、rtlyIn a sense she was misled by the advertisements claims, and expected too much of the product.在某种意义上你是对的，但你不了解全部事实。在某种意义上你是对的，但你不了解全部事实。You are right in a sense, but you dont know all the fact.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _

157、 contentiouscontentious: adj. causing or likely to cause an argument; controversialAbortion is a highly contentious issue.She has some rather contentious views on education.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningD R _ word _ implantimplant: vt. in

158、sert (tissue, etc.) into a part of the bodyThe operation to implant the artificial heart took two hours.implant a pacemaker植入一个起搏器植入一个起搏器Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ mainUseful ExpressionsOral SummaryWriting PracticeSentence Transl

159、ationProverbs and QuotationsTalk about the PicturesCompound DictationSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Writing PracticeWriting Practice More About How to Write a Persuasive EssayIntroductionA SampleHomework Supplementary ReadingAfter Re

160、adingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Useful Expressions 1Useful Expressions 1. 去世去世pass away2. 集中于（某事物）集中于（某事物）focus on3. 大多数大多数the majority of4. 及其他等等，等等及其他等等，等等et cetera5. 为为提供提供provide . for .6. 缓解痛苦缓解痛苦the relief of suffering7. 遭受，经受，经历遭受，经受，经历go throughSupplement

161、ary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Useful Expressions 2in some waysmake the most ofin placeresult fromdissuade . from .come forwardserve the purpose8. 在某种程度上在某种程度上9. 充分利用，尽量利用充分利用，尽量利用10. 适当的，在合适的位置适当的，在合适的位置11. 是是的结果，由于的结果，由于而发生而发生12. 劝止劝止做做13. 自

162、告奋勇，主动争取，自愿作证自告奋勇，主动争取，自愿作证14. 达到目的达到目的Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Useful Expressions 3stem cell linesno more thanin realityby necessityin a sensemake sensedevelop complications related to diabetes15. 干细胞系列干细胞系列16. 至多，不超过，仅仅至多，不超过

163、，仅仅17. 事实上，实际上事实上，实际上18. 由于客观情况的需要，为情势所迫由于客观情况的需要，为情势所迫19. 在某种意义上在某种意义上20. 有道理，有意义有道理，有意义21. 患上糖尿病引起的并发症患上糖尿病引起的并发症Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Useful Expressions 4from a medical standpointscientific communitycreate a firestorm of

164、controversyscientific fraudan emotional and contentious topic22. 从医学的角度来看从医学的角度来看23. 科学界科学界24. 掀起轩然大波掀起轩然大波25. 科学造假行为科学造假行为26. 一个惹人激动并引一个惹人激动并引 起争议的话题起争议的话题Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning Human cloning is the of a genetically identical cop

165、y of an existing or previously existing human. The term is generally used to refer to human cloning. There are two commonly types of human cloning: therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. Therapeutic cloning involves cloning adult cells for use in and is an active area of research. medicine_ar

166、tificialcreation discussed_Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks.A R _ Compound Dictation1Compound DictationSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloninggovernmental and religious organizationsMost scientific, Reproductive cloning would involve m

167、aking cloned humans. A third type of cloning called replacement cloning is a possibility, and would be a of therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Replacement cloning would entail the replacement of an extensively damaged, failed, or failing body through cloning followed by whole or partial brain tra

168、nsplant. . There have been numerous demands for all progress in the human cloning field to be stopped. oppose reproductive cloning.The various forms of human cloning are controversial_theoreticalcombination_A R _ Compound Dictation2_Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBef

169、ore ReadingUnit 8 CloningThe American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and other scientific organizations have made public statements suggesting that until safety issues are resolved. cloning be bannedhuman reproductiveA R _ Compound Dictation3_Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDeta

170、iled ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Comparison and Contrast Essay WritingOral Summary Work with your partner and make an oral summary covering Dr. Woods motivation, achievement, opinion on cloning and the condemnation on him. You may refer to the following key words and expre

171、ssions.diabetesstem cell research companytherapeuticreproductivedisapproval embryotreat diseasetransplant misconception skepticismopponentcondemnpotentiallegislation make the most ofSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ A Brief Introduction

172、 1IntroductionEstablish Authority To be convinced by the persuasive essay, the reader must believe that the writer is a credible source. To do this, you can quote experts and/or show that you have read widely about the subject by referring to information gathered from scientific literature.Supplemen

173、tary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ A Brief Introduction 3Making Concessions If you are writing a persuasive piece, you need to consider making concessions. Remember that a concession is not a form of weakness. In fact a concession is a strength a

174、s it finds common ground with your opponent and establishes your ethical appeal: you are a reasonable person willing to listen to / acknowledge that there are more sides to an issue than yours.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ A Sample

175、1A SampleGlobal Warming There is little doubt that the planet is warming. Over the last century, the planets temperature has risen by around 1 degree fahrenheit (0.6 of a degree celsius). The warmest since the mid 1800s was the 1990s. The hottest years recorded were 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003.Esta

176、blish AuthoritySupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ A Sample 2Euthanasia: An Act of Compassion Admittedly, deliverance from endless suffering is the greatest service that can be performed by a healer. It is true that the ability to enjoy l

177、ife and live it to the fullest is cherished by all. Life is a journey, an education of sorts, a blend of joy and sorrow but not a eulogy of pain.Making ConcessionsSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Homework 1HomeworkYou are required to w

178、rite an essay entitled “Pets”. Please try to employ the two skills mentioned in your essay.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Homework 2Suggested Writing:In the West, many families like to keep a pet. Foreigners just treat pets as family

179、 members. As Louis Sabin, a widely-read author said, “No matter how little money and how few possessions you own, having a dog makes you rich.” We may be surprised at the amount of money they pay in terms of pets food or medical treatment, etc. Keeping a pet, indeed, has many advantages.I have two m

180、ain reasons for my argument. First of all, pets can be good companions, which is especially important for those who live alone and the old who cannot get out much. What they get from the pets is not only hours ofSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Clo

181、ningA R _ Homework 3amusement but also loyalty. Some pets can even protect the house from thieves. Secondly, taking care of a pet also helps children to be responsible and caring members of the society. A child who learns to be very sensitive to the feelings of a pet can be expected to have positive

182、 attitudes to other people and life.However, some others would argue that pets are dirty or dangerous. But I believe it is not that pets themselves are to blame, but their owners. If the owners train their pets properly and take very good care of them, they are unlikely to get dirty or become aggres

183、sive.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Homework 3To sum up, there are surely more advantages than disadvantages to keeping a pet, especially for those lonely and young. Money spent on the special food for pets or the high fees paid for

184、pets medical treatment is not a waste.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningTalk about the PicturesTalk about the PicturesSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningTalk about the Pictures1Suppleme

185、ntary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningTalk about the Pictures2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningTalk about the Pictures3Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readi

186、ngUnit 8 CloningTalk about the Pictures 4Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningTalk about the Pictures 5Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Sentence Translation 11. It would just be ab

187、solutely wrong to take a human being and put them through what may well involve significant suffering for really no good end.让人经受极有可能遭到巨大痛苦的事，却又得不到什让人经受极有可能遭到巨大痛苦的事，却又得不到什么好的结果，那是绝对错误的。么好的结果，那是绝对错误的。Sentence Translation 2. I would hope that the legislation thats in place and the great public disappr

188、oval that would result from any attempt to clone a human would dissuade anyone from going down that path.我希望适当的法规以及公众对于试图克隆人的极力反我希望适当的法规以及公众对于试图克隆人的极力反对能够劝阻任何有此企图的人走那条路。对能够劝阻任何有此企图的人走那条路。Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning事事实实上上，这这一一研研究究成成果果真真

189、是是妙妙不不可可言言透透过过显显微微镜镜，你至少部分地看到自己很久以前大概是什么模样。你至少部分地看到自己很久以前大概是什么模样。A R _ Sentence Translation 23. In reality, it is transcendent when you look through the microscope, you see what you may have looked like a long time ago, at least in part.4. There was so much skepticism about this process because of t

190、he scientific fraud from the past that it was critical that there be no doubt that they were clones.由于以往的科学造假行为，人们对于我们的研究过程抱有由于以往的科学造假行为，人们对于我们的研究过程抱有诸多怀疑，所以确保它们确系克隆胚胎是至关重要的。诸多怀疑，所以确保它们确系克隆胚胎是至关重要的。Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningThe reason

191、 is that the majority of reproductive clones in other species are actually abnormal, with very high miscarriage rates, very high stillbirth rates, fetal anomalies, death soon after birth, et cetera.A R _ Sentence Translation 35. 其原因在于其他物种的无性繁殖个体事实上大多数都是畸其原因在于其他物种的无性繁殖个体事实上大多数都是畸形的，流产率很高，死产率很高，胎儿畸形，出

192、生不久便形的，流产率很高，死产率很高，胎儿畸形，出生不久便夭折，如此等等。夭折，如此等等。Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Sentence Translation 46. 从另一方面来说，治疗性的克隆技术不牵涉任何对人生命从另一方面来说，治疗性的克隆技术不牵涉任何对人生命的威胁，还能真正为正在经受痛苦的人们提供缓解痛苦的的威胁，还能真正为正在经受痛苦的人们提供缓解痛苦的极大的可能性。极大的可能性。On the other hand,

193、 therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in real human beings who are going through some awful things.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ S

194、entence Translation 5We were condemned by the Vatican and mentioned in a negative light in President Bushs State of the Union address.8. 罗马教廷谴责我们，布什总统的国情咨文对我们也颇有微词。罗马教廷谴责我们，布什总统的国情咨文对我们也颇有微词。In the process of analysis, the embryos were destroyed by necessity. In other words, to get the genetic mater

195、ial from inside the cells to analyze it, you have to destroy the cell.7.在分析的过程中，我们必须毁掉那些胚胎。换句话说，从细在分析的过程中，我们必须毁掉那些胚胎。换句话说，从细胞里提取遗传物质进行分析，你只得毁坏细胞。胞里提取遗传物质进行分析，你只得毁坏细胞。Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Proverbs and Quotations 1Proverbs an

196、d Quotations1. Much water runs by the mill that the miller knows not of. 眼前发生许多事，有些我们并不知。眼前发生许多事，有些我们并不知。2. Adversity successfully overcome is the highest glory.成功克服的困难即最大的光荣。成功克服的困难即最大的光荣。3. He who risks nothing gains nothing.不冒风险就没有收获。不冒风险就没有收获。Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlo

197、bal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Proverbs and Quotations 24. Science is a wonderful thing if one does not have to earn ones living at it. Albert Einstein, American scientist不以科学为生，科学就是美好的。不以科学为生，科学就是美好的。 美国科学美国科学家家 A. 爱因斯坦爱因斯坦5. Progress is the activity of today and the assurance of tomo

198、rrow. Ralph Waldo Emerson, American thinker进步是今天的行动，明天的保证。进步是今天的行动，明天的保证。 美国思想家美国思想家 R. W. 爱默生爱默生Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningA R _ Proverbs and Quotations 36. The scientist must not be a spider or an ant, but a bee. Francis Bacon, Briti

199、sh philosopher科学家不应是一只蜘蛛或蚂蚁，而应是一只蜜蜂。科学家不应是一只蜘蛛或蚂蚁，而应是一只蜜蜂。 英国哲学家英国哲学家 F. 培根培根Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ mainCulture NotesReadingComprehension TasksSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit

200、 8 CloningS R _ Comprehension Tasks_ mainListen and Make DecisionsComprehension TasksOral Work DebateSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ A Brief Introduction to The Simpsons1Human Cloningthe creation of a genetically identical copy of a h

201、uman, human cell, or human tissueThe ethics of cloning is an extremely controversial issue. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Questions and Answers 2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cl

202、oningS R _ A Brief Introduction to The Simpsons2 Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human (not usually referring to monozygotic multiple births), human cell, or human tissue. The ethics of cloning is an extremely controversial issue. The term is generally used to refe

203、r to artificial human cloning. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning Some years ago, long before human cloning became a near-term prospect, I was among those who urged that human cloning be assessed not simply in terms of concrete costs and bene

204、fits, but in terms of what the technology might do to the very meaning of human reproduction, child rearing and individuality. I leaned toward prohibition as the safest course. Today, with the prospect of a renewed push for sweeping prohibition rather than mere regulation, I am inclined to say, “Not

205、 so fast.” S R _ Reading _ text 1Second Thoughts on CloningLaurence H. TribeSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning When scientists announced in February that they had created a clone of an adult sheep a genetically identical copy named Dolly, cre

206、ated in the laboratory from a single cell of the “parent” fierce debate arose over the pros and cons of trying to clone a human being. People spoke of the plight of infertile couples; the grief of someone who has lost a child whose biological “rebirth” might offer comfort; the prospect of using clon

207、ing to generate donors for tissues and organs; the possibility of creating genetically enhanced clones with a particular talent or a resistance to some dread disease.S R _ Reading _ text 2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning But others saw a ni

208、ghtmarish and decidedly unnatural interference with human reproduction. California enacted a ban on human cloning, and the Presidents National Bioethics Advisory Commission recommended making the ban nationwide. That initial debate has cooled, however, and many in the scientific field now seem to be

209、 wondering what all the fuss was about. They are asking whether human cloning isnt just a small step beyond what we are already doing with artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, fertility enhancing drugs and genetic manipulation. That casual attitude is sure to give way before long to yet

210、another wave of prohibitionist outrage a wave that I no longer feel comfortable riding.S R _ Reading _ text 3Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning I certainly dont subscribe to the view that whatever technology permits us to do we ought to do. N

211、or do I subscribe to the view that the Constitution necessarily guarantees every individual the right to reproduce through whatever means become technically possible. Rather, my concern is that the very decision to use the law to condemn, and then outlaw, patterns of human reproduction especially by

212、 appealing to vague notions of what is “natural” is at least as dangerous as the technologies such a decision might be used to control. Human cloning has been condemned by some of its most articulate opponents as the ultimate embodiment of the sexual revolution, separating sex from the creation of b

213、abies and treating gender and sexuality as socially constructed.S R _ Reading _ text 4Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ text 5 But to ban cloning as furthering what some see as culturally distressing trends may, in the end, le

214、nd support to strikingly similar objections to surrogate motherhood. Equally scary, when appeals to the natural, or to religious laws, lead to the criminalization of some method for creating human babies, we must come to terms with the inevitable: the prohibition will not be airtight. Just as was tr

215、ue of bans on abortion and on sex outside marriage, bans on human cloning are bound to be hard to enforce. And that, in turn, requires us to think in terms of a class of potential outcasts people whose very existence society will have chosen to label as a misfortune and, in essence, to condemn.Suppl

216、ementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning One need only think of the long struggle to overcome the stigma of “illegitimacy” for the children of unmarried parents. How much worse might be the plight of being judged morally incomplete by virtue of ones man

217、-made origin? There are some black markets (in drugs, for instance) that may be worth risking when the evils of legalization would be even worse. But when what we prohibit takes the form of human beings, the stakes become enormous. There are few evils as grave as that of creating a caste system, one

218、 in which an entire category of persons, while perhaps not labeled untouchable, is treated as not fully human.S R _ Reading _ text 6Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning And even if one could enforce a ban on cloning, or at least insure that clo

219、nes would not be a mistreated caste, the social costs of prohibition could still be high. For the arguments supporting a rigid prohibition of cloning are most likely to rest on, and reinforce, the notion that it is unnatural and wrong to cut the conventional links between marriage and the creation a

220、nd upbringing of new life. Moreover, a society that bans acts of human creation for no better reason than that their particular form defies nature and tradition is a society that risks cutting itself off from vital experimentation, thus losing a significant part of its capacity to grow. If human clo

221、ning is to be banned, then, the reasons had better be far more compelling than any thus far advanced.S R _ Reading _ text 7Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ thought onsecond thought(s) on/about: change opinion after con

222、sidering (sth.) again Those who dont have second thoughts on going to war are idiots.Youre not having second thoughts about getting married, are you?你不是在犹豫结婚的事吧，是吗？你不是在犹豫结婚的事吧，是吗？Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ debate

223、debate: n. serious discussion of a subject in which many people take partEducation is the current focus of public debate.教育是目前公众争论的焦点。教育是目前公众争论的焦点。Over the year we have had several debates about future policy.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Clonin

224、gS R _ Reading _ word _ arisearise: vi. become evident; appear如有需要，你周六能来上班吗？如有需要，你周六能来上班吗？Could you work on Saturday, should the need arise?Are there any matters arising from the last meeting?Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _

225、word _ the pros and consthe pros and cons: arguments for and against sth.我们在买大房子前考虑了所有的利弊。我们在买大房子前考虑了所有的利弊。We considered all the pros and cons carefully before deciding to buy a bigger house.Youd better weigh up the pros and cons before quitting your job.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Re

226、adingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ plightplight: n. a serious and difficult situation or condition和单亲妈妈的困境相比，我的问题不算什么。和单亲妈妈的困境相比，我的问题不算什么。the plight of the poor/homelessMy problems arent much compared with the plight of a single mother.Supplementary ReadingAfter Re

227、adingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ artificialartificial: adj. made or produced as a copy of sth. natural; not realWhat are the differences between a machine or a program, and an artificial form of life?This article for the layman answers basic quest

228、ions about artificial intelligence.这篇给门外汉写的文章回答了人工智能的基本问题。这篇给门外汉写的文章回答了人工智能的基本问题。Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ subscribe tosubscribe to: Until about four years ago, an overwhelming number of astronomers subscribed t

229、o the view that the cosmic expansion was probably slowing down.1. agree with (an opinion, a theory, etc.); have (a particular opinion)2. arrange to receive a newspaper, etc. regularly by paying in advanceYou may subscribe to The Chronicle over the Internet, by mail, or by phone.你可以通过网络、邮件或电话订购你可以通过网

230、络、邮件或电话订购纪事纪事（The Chronicle）。）。Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ appeal toappeal to: make a serious or formal request for警方呼吁公众提供失踪女孩的信息。警方呼吁公众提供失踪女孩的信息。The police are appealing to the public for any information about t

231、he missing girl.Church leaders have appealed to the government to halt the war.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ lend support tolend support to: help工作机会的增加推动零售额稳步增长。工作机会的增加推动零售额稳步增长。Different groups lent support to dif

232、ferent candidates.The increase in job opportunities lends support to the steady growth of retail sales.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ objectionobjection: n. expression of opposition, disapproval or dislike我反对吸烟是因为它有害

233、健康。我反对吸烟是因为它有害健康。My objection to smoking is that it is dangerous to health.I have no objection to an evening with the Spencers.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ come to terms withcome to terms with: accept (sth.) unplea

234、sant over a period of time; come to an agreement with我能做的是顺从自己的命运。我能做的是顺从自己的命运。All that I can do is to come to terms with my fate.She had to come to terms with the fact that her husband would always be crippled.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Clon

235、ingS R _ Reading _ word _ be bound tobe bound to: be certain to不同问题必定存在不同的看法。不同问题必定存在不同的看法。Differences of opinion on various issues are bound to exist.Someone out there is bound to take notice of what we are doing for the whole region.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingB

236、efore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ in essencein essence: essentially; fundamentally 这两个提议基本上差不多。这两个提议基本上差不多。In essence, you sell stocks as they fall and buy stocks as they rise.In essence, both proposals are much the same.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Readin

237、gBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ by virtue ofby virtue of: on account of; because of他因为能力而得到了这份工作。他因为能力而得到了这份工作。He got the job by virtue of his ability.We cannot alter facts by virtue of our inclinations or passions when it comes to history.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetail

238、ed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ originorigin: n. starting point; source这是本关于宇宙起源的书。这是本关于宇宙起源的书。Its a book about the origin of the universe.Her unhappy childhood was the origin of her problems later in life.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingG

239、lobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningIt is prohibited for tobacco companies to target youth in advertising.S R _ Reading _ word _ prohibitprohibit: vt. forbid, esp. by laws禁止烟草公司在广告中将客户定位为年轻人。禁止烟草公司在广告中将客户定位为年轻人。Federal law prohibits removing any safety device from a car.Supplementary ReadingAft

240、er ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ gravegrave: adj. needing careful consideration; serious这是他职业生涯中最严重的政治危机。这是他职业生涯中最严重的政治危机。It was the gravest political crisis of his career.a grave mistakeSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGloba

241、l ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ labellabel: vt. put a label on; describe or classify他们被不公正地贴上了罪犯的标签。他们被不公正地贴上了罪犯的标签。Theyve been unfairly labeled as criminals.All food has to be labeled with “best before” or “use by” dates.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading

242、Global ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ rest onrest on: be based on成功受聘的大部分原因是你能给公司带来价值。成功受聘的大部分原因是你能给公司带来价值。A big part of hiring success rests on your ability to bring value to the company.This argument rests on a series of claims that need to be examined one by one.Supplem

243、entary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ reinforcereinforce: vt. strengthen 这起事故的最终技术报告进一步证实了最初的调查结果。这起事故的最终技术报告进一步证实了最初的调查结果。The final technical report into the accident reinforces the findings of initial investigations.The pockets

244、on my jeans are reinforced with double stitching. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ word _ defydefy: vt. resist or oppose boldly or openly有几名工人没能服从大多数人的意见，尽管在罢工期间，有几名工人没能服从大多数人的意见，尽管在罢工期间，但还是去上班了。但还是去上班了。A few workers have def

245、ied the majority decision and gone into work despite the strike.The fact that aircraft dont fall out of the sky always seems to me to defy the law of gravity. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ Sentence 1Today, with the prospec

246、t of a renewed push for sweeping prohibition rather than mere regulation, I am inclined to say, “Not so fast.”Translate the sentence into Chinese.时至今日，眼看着新一轮要求对克隆人全面禁止而时至今日，眼看着新一轮要求对克隆人全面禁止而非简单规范的呼声即将再起，我倒想说：非简单规范的呼声即将再起，我倒想说：“慢一点慢一点来。来。”Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Readi

247、ngBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ Sentence 2 a wave that I no longer feel comfortable ridingParaphrase the sentence.Though another wave of prohibitionist outrage seems set to sweep the country, he feels uncomfortable being involved with it.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Readi

248、ngGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ Sentence 3Just as was true of bans on abortion and on sex outside marriage, bans on human cloning are bound to be hard to enforce.Paraphrase the sentence.Its difficult to prohibit abortion and sex outside marriage; the same is true with hum

249、an cloning.Translate the sentence into Chinese.就像禁止人工流产和婚外性行为一样，禁止克隆人就像禁止人工流产和婚外性行为一样，禁止克隆人肯定难以实施。肯定难以实施。Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ Sentence 4How much worse might be the plight of being judged morally incomplete by virt

250、ue of ones man-made origin?Translate the sentence.由于是人工生育而被认为缺乏道德，这样的苦境不由于是人工生育而被认为缺乏道德，这样的苦境不是会糟糕得多吗？是会糟糕得多吗？Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Reading _ Sentence 5If human cloning is to be banned, then, the reasons had better be far mo

251、re compelling than any thus far advanced.Translate the sentence into Chinese.因因此此，如如果果要要禁禁止止克克隆隆人人，其其理理由由应应比比任任何何已已经经提提出出的的更为有力才成。更为有力才成。Paraphrase the sentence.If we want to prohibit human cloning, we should put forward other reasons that are far more convincing than all the reasons we have.Supplem

252、entary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Listen and Make Decisions1Listen and Make DecisionsListen to the passage carefully and decide which of the following statements are true.A. The ban awaits Senate action.B. The ban was opposed by Whip Tom Delay

253、.C. The ban was passed by the Democrat-led House.D. The ban had no effect on human cloning for medical research.E. The ban was supported by President Bush.F. The ban was widely agreed on by lawmakers and scientists.G. The ban might stifle the research efforts to help patients.Key: A, E, GSupplementa

254、ry ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning The U.S. House of Representatives Tuesday voted to ban all human cloning for reproduction or medical research. The bill passed by the Republican-led House would impose a 10-year prison sentence and a $1 million fine fo

255、r any attempt at human cloning. The measure awaits Senate action, and President Bush has said he supports the ban. The House vote came after an emotional debate on the ethical and scientific implications of cloning. While lawmakers all agreed with the idea that humans should not be cloned, they disa

256、greed over whether scientists should be able to clone human embryos for use in finding cures for diseases. Some quoted scientists who say embryonic stem cells have the potential for alleviating serious ailments. Louise Slaughter is a Democrat from New York (who opposed the ban). S R _ Listen and Mak

257、e Decisions2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Listen and Make Decisions3 Louise Slaughter: If we stifle our nations research efforts, patients will suffer as well. This research holds the potential to treat diseases of millions of Ameri

258、cans, including diabetes, cancer, heart disease, stroke, Parkinsons, Alzheimers, brain or spinal cord injury or multiple schlerosis. But many anti-abortion advocates, like House majority Whip Tom Delay, oppose the use of such stem cells in medical research. Whip Tom Delay: This exploitive unholy tec

259、hnique is no better than medical strip mining. The preservation of life is what is being lost here. President Bush is considering whether to allow federal funding for medical research using stem cells from human embryos.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUn

260、it 8 CloningS R _ Oral Work Debate1Oral Work DebateHuman Cloning, For or Against?Join in a debate concerning human cloning between two groups of people. Group A supports human cloning, holding that it will benefit mankind in more than one way. Group B opposes human cloning, believing that cloning hu

261、mans will bring grave dangers. The following is for your reference.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Oral Work Debate2For:Human cloning is something that will happen and is already happening. No one can stop it.When you find a way to sa

262、ve people, you cant go against it.Most human beings are afraid of new stuff.The whole genetic engineering will bring a revolution to humankind. No evolution anymore!Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningS R _ Oral Work Debate3 Against:Genetically

263、, the replicated “you” have the same composition as you; environmentally, the replicated “you” are totally different from you.The human world has been complicated enough. Why do we need to bring more complexity?Natural evolution is the most amazing part of life.We cannot isolate science from other social matters. Science is not the key to everything.