名词性从句ppt课件

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1、1;.一、英文中的三大从句一、英文中的三大从句1.I will never forget the day when we met there.2. He had hardly entered the hotel when it began to snow.3. He asked me which team could win the game.4. That is where you are mistaken.定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句2;.二、名词性从句：具有名词性质的从句。二、名词性从句：具有名词性质的从句。类型类型主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句

2、表语从句同位语从句同位语从句3;.三、三、The Objective Clause1. 概念：在复合句中作宾语的从句称作宾语从句，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非概念：在复合句中作宾语的从句称作宾语从句，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非限定动词及某些形容词的宾语。限定动词及某些形容词的宾语。4;.1. He doesnt know where the post office is.2. He told me what I should read3. Did she say anything about how we should do the work?4. I was surprised

3、 at what he said5. Im sure that he will come and join us.6. He is pleased that he has passed the test.7. I thought it strange that he failed to call me8. I would appreciate it if you can help me.Vt. + 宾从宾从Prep. + 宾从宾从系动词系动词 / be + adj. + 宾从宾从make/find/think等等 + it + 宾从宾从2. 宾从的结构与类型宾从的结构与类型5;.四、连接词及其

4、功能用法四、连接词及其功能用法（一）、连接词的选用（一）、连接词的选用1.连接词：连接词：2. 连接代词：连接代词：3. 连接副词：连接副词：that, whether / ifwhat, which. Who, whom, whoeshow, when, where, why6;.（二）、连接词中应注意的问题（二）、连接词中应注意的问题1. whether / if / that 的区别的区别(1) Do you doubt _ he will win the game? I doubt _ he will keep his word. Im sure _he will succeed. I

5、m not sure _he will succeed.thatwhether / ifthatwhether / if总结：总结：1. that: 无意义，不作成分，只连接无意义，不作成分，只连接2. Whether / if: 有词义（是否），不作成分，只连接有词义（是否），不作成分，只连接 3. doubt 否否/ 疑疑that; 肯肯whether / if be sure 否否/ 疑疑whether / if； 肯肯that7;.(2)Im worried about _ I hurt your feelings. I dont know _he will win or not. _

6、or not he will win. We discussed _ we should hold a meeting. I dont know _ to answer her letter.whetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhether总结：只用总结：只用whether不用不用if 的情况的情况1.prep. 后的宾从后的宾从2. whether or not whether / if or not3. discuss whether-宾从宾从4. whether + to do 8;.2. that 的省略问题的省略问题 在在vt.后宾从中一般可省略后宾从中一

7、般可省略I know that you have studied harder and that you have improved your English.I find it strange that he should have said that.He is a good student except that he is a litter bit careless.He differed from his classmates in that he devoted is spare time to reading.总结：总结：1.当一个句子中有两个或更多当一个句子中有两个或更多tha

8、t引导的宾从时，只有第一引导的宾从时，只有第一that可省可省2.由由it作形宾的作形宾的that宾从不省宾从不省3.作介词后的宾从作介词后的宾从that不省不省9;.3. 连接代词连接代词what / which / whose / whom / whoI think _ he said is right.That is _ I want to do.Do you know _ he is doing.I realized _ silly mistakes I had made.She wonders _ book is more interesting.I dont know _ book

9、 it is.I dont know _ the book belongs to. _ will win the game.whatwhatwhatwhatwhichwhosewhomwho总结：总结：1.作成分作成分(主，宾，表，定主，宾，表，定)，有意义，起连接作用，有意义，起连接作用 2.含义不同：含义不同： what: 什么，多么，什么，多么，的话的话/事情事情/样子样子/地方地方/时间时间 which: （一定范围内）哪个，哪些（一定范围内）哪个，哪些 whose: 谁的谁的 who / whom: 谁谁10;.4. 连接副词连接副词when / where / how / whyI

10、 cant understand_ she married such a man.We havent decided_ were going to travel.I dont know _ he will come back.We should think of _ we can do more for others.You dont know _ worried I was at the news.总结：总结：1.连接副词保留各自疑问含义，分别译成：连接副词保留各自疑问含义，分别译成：when:什么时候；什么时候；where:哪里；哪里；why:为什么；为什么；how:怎么，多么怎么，多么2

11、. 在从句中作时间，地点，方式，原因状语在从句中作时间，地点，方式，原因状语 how+adj./adv.一起作某个句子成分一起作某个句子成分whywherewhenhowhow11;.五、从句中要注意的问题五、从句中要注意的问题1.语序和时态语序和时态Can you tell me how I can get there.I dont know when he will come.She asked us when we were arriving home.Do you know who will succeed?The teacher told us that light travels

12、faster than sound.总结：总结：1.用陈述语序，不能受疑问的影响而误用疑问语序用陈述语序，不能受疑问的影响而误用疑问语序2.疑问词作主语时，从句用陈述语序疑问词作主语时，从句用陈述语序3.主句：现在时，从句：根据需要，含义或主从时态一致主句：现在时，从句：根据需要，含义或主从时态一致 主句：过去时，从句：过去的某种时态主句：过去时，从句：过去的某种时态4.从句表客观真理：一般现在时从句表客观真理：一般现在时12;. 2.It 作形式宾语作形式宾语在可接复合宾语的在可接复合宾语的v.后：后：think, make, consider等等I make it clear that I

13、 was determined to carry out the plan.You may depend on it that everything will be all right.I think it best that you should stay here.13;.3.宾从中的宾从中的“否定前移否定前移”I dont believe he will succeed, _?Tom doesnt believe you succeed,_?总结：总结：1.主句谓语动词为主句谓语动词为think,believe,suppose,expect,consider等其后的宾从为否定意义时，把否

14、定转移至主句。等其后的宾从为否定意义时，把否定转移至主句。2.宾从否定前移在反义疑问句中，主句主语为第一人称，反问部分与从句在人称和数宾从否定前移在反义疑问句中，主句主语为第一人称，反问部分与从句在人称和数上一致；主句主语为二，三人称，则反问部分与主句一致上一致；主句主语为二，三人称，则反问部分与主句一致will hedoes he14;.4.宾从中的虚拟语气宾从中的虚拟语气1.I insisted that he _ (steal) my wallet and that he _(send) to the police.2.The boss ordered she _(take) part

15、in the work.3.Her face suggested that she _(be) ill.4.He suggested that we _(make) better use of the library.5.He demanded that Tom_(go) there at once.stole(should) be sent(should) takewas(should) make(should) go 15;.5. wh-ever 与与no matter wh- 的区别的区别whatever,whichever, whoever,whomever however, when

16、ever, whereverwh- +ever 让步状语从句让步状语从句 = no matter wh- 名词性从句名词性从句16;.1.He would believe _ I said.2. _ I said, he wouldnt listen to me3. The book can be helpful to _ wants to do the job. 4. _ will go to the concert isnt known. _ comes will be welcome.5. Ill go with you _ you go. to _ you go.whateverWha

17、teverwhoeverWhoeverWhowhereverwhereverWho= the person who 特指，具体，有疑问意义特指，具体，有疑问意义Whoever = anyone who 泛指，宽泛，无疑问意义泛指，宽泛，无疑问意义=No matter what=Anyone who 17;.表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句从句, 放在系动词之后放在系动词之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接。可以接表语从句的系动词有表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外等。另外, 常

18、用的还有常用的还有the reason why is that 和和 It is because 等等结构。结构。二、Predicative Clauses 表语从句18;.连接词连接词: that / whether /as if /as though ( if 不不 引导表语从句引导表语从句)连接代词连接代词: who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词连接副词: when / where / why / how / because The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we we

19、re in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.19;.注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中在表语从句中, 表表“是否是否” 时时, 只能用只能用 “whether” 不能用不能用“if”。2. 一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3. It is /was because It is /was why4. The reason (why/for)is /was that5. The reason is because /whythat .20;.名词主

20、语名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句引起的表语从句在这种句型中在这种句型中, 常用表示事实常用表示事实, 真理的名词真理的名词, 如如: fact, truth 或表示看法或表示看法, 观点的名词观点的名词, 如如: idea, opinion, belief, view, feeling,suggestion, plan等作主语。等作主语。The fact is that our team has won the game.The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.21;.注意注意

21、表语从句的引导词与主语从句和表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同。宾语从句相同。但但: : 1. that引导表语从句时不能省。引导表语从句时不能省。 2. if 不能引导表语从句。不能引导表语从句。22;.homework1.步步高当堂达标2.40分钟课时作业3.听写23;.1) That he will succeed is certain.2) Whether he will go there is not known.3) What he said is not true.4) Where he hid the money is to be found out.5) Whoever

22、 comes is welcome.6) Its certain that he will succeed.7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8)When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.三、三、三、三、Subject Clause Subject Clause 主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句24;.重点一重点一: 主语从句后置主语从句后置! 为了避免免主语冗长主语冗长, 句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻, 经常用经常用it作作形式主语形式主

23、语, 主语从句放在主语从句放在后面作真正的主语后面作真正的主语.That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall be late.1. That the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.- 注意：由连词注意：由连词 whether , 连接代词连接代词 what，who，which和连接副词和连接副词 when，where，why，how 等引导等引导, 也常常后置。也常常后置。It is a pity tha

24、t you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round.25;.It 的用法的用法: (形式主语形式主语)Its possible/important/necessary/clear that.很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清很清楚楚Its said/ reported that.据说据说/据报道据报道Its been announced/declared that.已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布26;.It seems/appears/happens. that显然、明显、显然、明显、 碰巧碰巧Its

25、 no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知众所周知)/ a common saying. (俗话说俗话说)that27;.what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如：引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如：主语、宾语、表语。而主语、宾语、表语。而that则不然，它在句子中只则不然，它在句子中只起连接作用。起连接作用。例如：例如：(1) What you said yesterday is right. (2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.注意注

26、意: 主语从句中主语从句中, 谓语动词一般用单数；谓语动词一般用单数；what引导的引导的主语从句主语从句, 可根据表语决定。可根据表语决定。What he needs is that book.What he needs are some books.重点二：重点二：what 与与 that 引导主语从句引导主语从句 28;.由由 that 引导引导:that 无意义无意义, 后接一个完整的句子。后接一个完整的句子。that 不可省。不可省。1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to all. 3. _ is a pity. Th

27、at the earth is roundThat you missed the chance29;.总结总结：What you left are only several old books.What you said is of great importance.What he says and does doesnt concern me.What he says and does dont agree.1. “if” 不能引导主语从句不能引导主语从句, 应由应由“whether”引导。引导。2. 主语从句的主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。一般不能省。3. “what”引导主语从句

28、时引导主语从句时, 谓语动词谓语动词: 1)常与其后的名词作表语一致常与其后的名词作表语一致 2)根据句子的语境而定。根据句子的语境而定。30;.1.He said the text was very important and we should learn it by heart.2. My worry is that he can get there on time.3. The reason why he failed was because he hadnt studied hard.4. What we need are time.5. Here are two books. Yo

29、u can take whatever you want.isthatwhetherthatwhichever改错。改错。 31;.1. He told me _ he would go to college the next year.2. I dont know _ there will be a bus.3. I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表语从句意思完整。语从句意思完整。that / 不填不填if

30、/ whetherwhom / who32;.4. He didnt tell me _ he would come back from Shanghai next time.5. Let me know _ train youll be arriving on.6. Can you work out _ much we will spend during the trip?7. Make sure _ there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.when whichhowthat33;.8. We think it

31、 necessary _ we take plenty of hot water every day.9. Tom is very lazy. That is _ he didnt pass the exam.10. This is _ we found the strange trees.11. My idea is _ we should all do our best to do everything well.thatwhywhere / howthat34;.四四.Noun clauses as the appositive1. 同位语从句含义同位语从句含义同位语从句在句中充当同位语

32、从句成分同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分, 其一般跟在一些抽象名词其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea; belief ; fact; truth; problem; news 等等)后面后面, 对名词作进一步解释说明。对名词作进一步解释说明。 结构结构: n.+ 连接词连接词 + 从句从句同位语从句常用同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether35;.注注: 1. 同位语从句多用同位语从句多用that 引导引导;2. 在在 have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句。 I hav

33、e no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.1)The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2) Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.36;.同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同位语从句和所修饰的

34、名词在内容上为同一关系同一关系, 对其内容作进一步说明。如：对其内容作进一步说明。如： Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来我从王先生那里来, 他让我告诉你他他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。今天下午不能来看你了。37;.We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假到哪儿去度暑假, 这个问题我们还没有决定。这

35、个问题我们还没有决定。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 38;.2. 同位语从句的引导词同位语从句的引导词 如果同位语从句意义完整如果同位语从句意义完整, 则用则用that引导。引导。that不充当任何成分不充当任何成分, 只起连接作用。如：只起连接作用。如： The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了战士们立即过河的命

36、令。将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。(the soldiers should cross the river at once是是the order的全部内容的全部内容, 且意义完整，因此应且意义完整，因此应用用that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句) 39;. 如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否是否”的含义的含义, 则应该用则应该用whether引导。如：引导。如： Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。我们将讨论

37、运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 注意注意: if不能引导同位语从句。不能引导同位语从句。 40;. 如果同位语从句意义不完整如果同位语从句意义不完整, 需增加需增加“什么什么时候时候”、“什么地点什么地点”、“什么方式什么方式”等含义等含义, 应该用应该用when, where, how等词引导。如：等词引导。如： I have no idea when Chaplins film will be on. 我不知道卓别林的电影什么时候放映。我不知道卓别林的电影什么时候放映。I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 我记不清他是

38、怎样回家的我记不清他是怎样回家的, 或许是骑自行车或许是骑自行车回去的。回去的。 41;. 当主句的谓语较短当主句的谓语较短, 而同位语从句较长时，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：同位语从句常后置。如： The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. 几年以后几年以后, 有消息传来说

39、拿破仑要亲自有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。视察他们。42;.区分同位语从句和定语从句时区分同位语从句和定语从句时, 可以在先行词可以在先行词与从句之间加一个系动词与从句之间加一个系动词be, 使之构成一个使之构成一个新句子新句子, 如果句子通顺且符合逻辑如果句子通顺且符合逻辑, 则为同位则为同位语从句语从句, 反之反之, 则为定语从句。如：则为定语从句。如： The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的传闻是假的。他将辞职的传闻是假的。 本句中本句中, 先行词与从句之间加上一个先行词与从句之间加上一个be后为：后为：The

40、report was that he was going to resign. 因为该句句意通顺因为该句句意通顺, 所以所以that he was going to resign是同位语从句。是同位语从句。3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别43;.I have heard the news that he visited our factory.I have heard the news that he told you the other day.同位语从句和定语从句简易区别法：同位语从句和定语从句简易区别法：1) 同位语从句同位语从句that 只起连接作用只起连接作

41、用, 不作任何成分。不作任何成分。 定语从句定语从句 that 是关系代词是关系代词, 起连接作用和充当起连接作用和充当 宾语和主语。宾语和主语。2) 同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系, 对名词进行补充说明。对名词进行补充说明。 定语从句定语从句 定从和前面的名词是所属关系定从和前面的名词是所属关系, 对名词进行修饰对名词进行修饰, 加以限定。加以限定。3)同位语从句同位语从句that 不能省。不能省。 定语从句定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语时在从句中作宾语时, 可以省。可以省。44;.1) 从词类上区别从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词

42、只能是同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order 等有一定内涵的名词等有一定内涵的名词, 而定语而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。一部分或是整个主句。 45;. He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon. Word came that he had b

43、een abroad. 据说他已经出国了。据说他已经出国了。 Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了我们的队赢了, 这让我们很高兴。这让我们很高兴。 (定语从句定语从句) ( (同位语从句同位语从句) )46;.2)2)从性质上区别从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制或限制, 属于形容词性从句的范畴属于形容词性从句的范畴; 而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释的进一步的说明和解释, 属于名词性属于名词性从句的范畴从句的范畴,

44、 如如: 47;. The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。 (同位语从句同位语从句, 补充说明补充说明news到底是一个到底是一个 什么消息什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 (定语从句定语从句, news在从句中作在从句中作told的宾语的宾语) 48;.3) 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如有些

45、引导词如how, whether, what 可以可以 引导同位语从句引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。但不能引导定语从句。如如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。 (同位语从句同位语从句) 49;.引导词引导词that引导定语从句时引导定语从句时, 在从句中一般作主在从句中一般作主语或宾语语或宾语 (指物时还可以用指物时还可以用which代替代替), 并且作并且作宾语时常常省略宾语时常常省略, that在同位语从句中仅起连接在同位语从句中

46、仅起连接作用作用, 不充当任何成分不充当任何成分, 并且不能省略并且不能省略, 也不能也不能用用which来代替来代替, 如如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。昨天收到了。(同位语从句同位语从句, 是对是对order的具体的具体解释解释, that虽不作成分虽不作成分, 但不能省略但不能省略) 50;.The order that we received ye

47、sterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句定语从句, 是名词是名词order的修饰语的修饰语, that在在从句中作从句中作received的宾语的宾语, 可以省略可以省略) 51;.判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句1. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2. The hop

48、e that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly. 同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句52;.5.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.6. We expressed the hope

49、 that they would come to China again.7.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.8. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句For more exercises, click here. 53;.I. 在空格处填上适当的词，使下列定

50、语从句和同位语从句完整。在空格处填上适当的词，使下列定语从句和同位语从句完整。1. This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year.2. Ill never forget the days _ I worked together with you.3. Please pass me the book _ cover is green. where whenwhose54;.4. Is this the reason _ he refused our offer?5. The person to _ you spoke is a famous

51、actor.6. She sat on the corner of the table near the door by _ her husband always entered.7. The white flower is the only one _ I really like.why whom whichthat55;.8. The news was very exciting _ our class had won the football match.9. They are familiar with the opinion _ all matter consists of atom

52、s.10. The question _ we shall have a meeting hasnt been decided.11. They told the policeman the fact _ they had nothing to do with the murder.thatthatwhere / when / whetherthat56;.12. All agreed to his suggestion _ a bridge across the river be built.13. The question _ should do the work requires con

53、sideration.14. This is our only request _ this (should) be settled as soon as possible.15. Word came _ our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese.thatwho thatthat57;.1. 我不知道怎样到达火车站。我不知道怎样到达火车站。 I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.2. 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that ou

54、r team has won the final match is encouraging.II. 用同位语从句翻译下列句子。用同位语从句翻译下列句子。58;.3. 人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。 People used to hold the opinion that the earth was the center of the universe. 4. 没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。 No one is happy with the fact that he will become their boss. 59;.5. 我们何时开始工作的问题尚未决定。我们何时开始工作的问题尚未决定。 The question when we will start the work is not decided 60;.