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1、Section Grammar一二一、阅读下列句子,指出句子中从句的类型1.Weallthink(that)sheisworkingveryhardandthatshewillsurelygotoaverygooduniversity.从句类型:2.Thatswherethebattletookplace.从句类型:3.Idontdoubtthathewillbeagainsttheidea.从句类型:4.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.从句类型:5.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)climballthewaytothe
2、topofthehill.从句类型:宾语从句表语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句一二二、选词填空:that,whether,when,which,whose1.Thequestionisthatmanwillturnupintime.2.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewashemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.3.Idontknowbrotherisadoctor.IhearthatTomsbrotherisadoctor.4.CanyoutellmemanisJacksuncle?5.Hewantstoknowthetrainisleaving
3、forShanghai.whetherthatwhosewhichwhen语法图解名词性从句()宾语从句、表语从句Grammar:宾语从句和表语从句一、宾语从句引导宾语从句的连接词主要有连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,连接副词when,where,how,why以及连词that,whether,if等。阅读下列句子,指出句子中的宾语从句。Makesure(that)allthelightsareturnedoffbeforeyouleave.宾语从句:答案:(that)allthelightsareturnedoffbeforeyouleave【高考典句】(2016
4、全国高考)Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.宾语从句:答案:whattherestoftheclasswoulddoIknownothingaboutherexceptthatsheliveshere.宾语从句:答案:thatsheliveshere注意:动词find,consider,think,feel,believe,make等后有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,代替宾语从句原来的位置,而将真正的宾语从句后置。有些动词(短语),如enjoy,love,like,hate,appreciate,take,hide,insiston,d
5、ependon,relyon等引导宾语从句时,习惯上直接在从句前加形式宾语it。宾语从句考点(1)wonder,doubt,besure/certain等后的宾语从句的连接词。A.wonder意为“对感到惊奇”时,其后宾语从句的连接词用that。当wonder意为“想知道,不知道”时,其后的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句或一般疑问句,要用what,who,whose,which,when,where,why,how,whether/if等连接宾语从句;wonder用在否定句中应该用that来引导宾语从句。根据汉语意思填空Doyouwondernobodycame?没人来,你感到奇怪吗?答案:that
6、Iwonderedhehadbeensoangry.我想知道他为什么那么生气。答案:whyWewonderhewillcometoourpartytonight.我们不知道今晚他是否会来参加我们的晚会。答案:whether/ifIdontwonderyouretired.Youhavehadabusyday.你累了,这我一点儿不奇怪。你已经忙了一整天了。答案:thatB.doubt用于否定句或疑问句时,用that引导宾语从句;用于肯定句时,用whether/if引导宾语从句。单句填空Idontdoubtthebandwillbecomemoreandmorepopular.答案:thatIdo
7、ubthewillbefitforthenewjob.答案:whether/ifC.besure/certain用于肯定句或疑问句时,其后用that引导宾语从句;当besure/certain用于否定句时,其后用whether/if,what,who,whose,where,when,how等引导宾语从句。根据汉语意思填空Wearesure/certainthecountrywillrecoverfromtheearthquakesoon.我们坚信那个国家很快会从地震中恢复过来的。答案:thatAreyousure/certainthisplanispracticable?你能确保这份计划是可
8、行的吗?答案:thatHeisntsure/certainhecangettheticketsforthemusicconcert.他不能肯定是否会弄到音乐会的票。答案:whether/if(2)宾语从句的语序:使用陈述语序。单句改错Idontcarewhowillyouaskforhelp.答案:willyouyouwillDoyouknowwherehavetheygone?答案:havetheytheyhave(3)宾语从句的时态:宾语从句的时态必须与主句相呼应。A.如果主句是现在时态,那么从句时态不受主句时态的影响,可以根据需要使用任何时态。B.如果主句是过去时态,那么从句时态一般为表
9、示过去的某种时态。C.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,不管主句用哪种时态,从句都用一般现在时。单句填空Hesaysthathe(invite)toattendthe100thanniversaryofQinghuaUniversity.他说他已被邀请参加清华大学100周年校庆。答案:hasbeeninvitedHesaidthathe(meet)thehostessandhadaphototakenwithher.他说他见过那位女主持人并同她一起合过影。答案:hadmetOurEnglishteachertoldusthatagoodbeginning(be)halfdoneduringc
10、lass.我们的英语老师在课上告诉我们良好的开端是成功的一半。答案:is(4)宾语从句中的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,imagine等动词引起的否定性宾语从句里,如果主语是第一人称,往往需要把从句中的否定词转移到主句中去,这种现象叫否定转移。翻译句子我认为你不适合这项工作。翻译答案:Idontthinkyouarefitforthejob.注意:在发生否定转移的句子中,主句的主语是第一人称时,其反意疑问句的人称及助动词要与从句的人称和动词相对应。完成下列反意疑问句Idontthinkyouareright,?答案:areyouTheydontthinkyouarer
11、ight,?答案:dothey(5)关于that的省略。当宾语从句是陈述句时,由that引导,这时that在宾语从句中无意义,不充当任何成分,常省略。但在以下几种情况下,that一般不可以省略。A.在介词后引导宾语从句时,that不可省略。单句填空Yourcompositioniswellwrittenexceptthereareafewspellingmistakes.你的作文除了几处拼写错误之外写得很好。答案:thatB.并列连词and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省略,而后面的that不能省略。翻译句子Wemustneverthink(that)wearegood
12、ineverythingandthatothersaregoodinnothing.翻译答案:我们绝不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。C.主句谓语动词与that之间有插入成分时,that不可省略。单句填空Heannounced,believeitornot,hewouldneverforgiveher.他宣布信不信由你他决不会原谅她。答案:thatD.宾语从句有其他连词时,that不能省略。翻译句子Hetoldmethatifitwasnecessarytheywouldworkallnight.翻译答案:他告诉我,如果必要的话,他们就通宵工作。E.有it作形式宾语时,宾语补足语之后由th
13、at引导的宾语从句不可省略that。单句填空Wethinkhighlyprobablethatheisdead.我们认为他很有可能死了。答案:itF.that引导的宾语从句中,that之后紧接着有作主语或作定语的this/that时,that不可省略。翻译句子Hethoughtthatthatwouldbeagoodchanceforhimtogotovisittheworldfamousscientist.翻译答案:他认为对于他来说那可能是一个探访世界著名科学家的好机会。(6)某些表示“要求,命令,建议”的动词,如insist,demand,suggest,order,require,req
14、uest等后,宾语从句用虚拟语气时,其结构为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。翻译句子Theexpertssuggestedthatthenuclearpowerstation(should)becloseddown.翻译答案:专家建议关闭那座核电站。(7)用whether而不用if引导的宾语从句的情况。A.引导介词的宾语从句时。单句填空Alldependsonitwillbefinetomorrow.答案:whetherB.引导的宾语从句后有ornot时。单句填空Wedontknowhewillcometoourweddingornot.答案:whether二、表语从句1.表
15、语从句的辨别表语从句位于主句中的连系动词之后。常用系动词有:be,keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,seem,appear,look,feel,smell,sound,taste,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,prove等。引导表语从句的连接词主要有:连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which;连接副词when,where,how,why及连词that,whether,asif,because等。阅读下列句子,指出句子中的表语从句。【高考典句】(2016全国高考)Oneofhisfindingswasthatar
16、ticlesinthesciencesectionweremorelikelytomakethelistthannon-sciencearticles.表语从句:答案:thatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremorelikelytomakethelistthannon-sciencearticlesTheirdifficultyiswheretheycanraiseenoughmoney.表语从句:答案:wheretheycanraiseenoughmoneyOurdoubtiswhetherheistellingusthetruth.表语从句:答案:whethe
17、rheistellingusthetruth2.表语从句考点(1)引导词的区别选用:A.that仅起连接作用,无意义,在从句中不作任何成分,但通常不能省略。翻译句子Herdreamisthatshewillhaveachancetovisittherenextyear.翻译答案:她的梦想是明年有机会去那儿旅游。B.wh-疑问词除了起连接作用外,还在从句中充当一定的成分,且各有各的词义。连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose常充当主语、宾语、表语、定语;连接副词when,where,how,why常充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语。Aftersteppingonthestage
18、ofCCTVSpringFestivalGala,theactorisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.翻译答案:登上央视春晚以后,那位演员不再是以前的样子了。Hisproblemishowtogetthere.翻译答案:他的问题是如何到达那儿。C.whether起连接作用,意为“是否”,在句中不作任何成分。Idontknowwhethershecancometothepartythisevening.翻译答案:我不知道她今晚是否来参加晚会。D.连词because,asif/asthough,as等引导的表语从句。because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itis/
19、wasbecause.”结构中。asif/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面,常用虚拟语气,也可用陈述语气;as引导表语从句表示“正如”。Hisfailureisbecausehewascareless.翻译答案:他的失败是因为粗心。Thingswerenotastheyseemedtobe.翻译答案:情况并不是看起来的那个样子。Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.(陈述语气)翻译答案:看起来天要下雪。Shelooksasifsheweretenyearsyounger.(虚拟语气)翻译答案:她看起来好像年轻了十岁。
20、(2)当主语是thereason,theresult或why引导的主语从句时,常用that引导表语从句,不用because。完成句子ThereasonisIwasillyesterday.原因是昨天我生病了。答案:thatTheresultismanyofthemdidntpasstheexam.结果是他们中很多人考试不及格。答案:thatWhywehadtoputoffthefootballmatchistheweatherwastoobad.我们之所以不得不推迟这场足球赛,是因为天气太糟糕了。答案:that注意:A.在引导表语从句时,whether不能被if替换。B.thatswhy.中含
21、有why引导的表语从句,表示“那就是的原因”;thereasonwhy.isthat.中why引导的是定语从句,that引导的是表语从句,表示“的原因是”。C.如果主语是表示建议、命令、要求、计划(suggestion,advice,order,request,proposal,plan)等的名词,那么表语从句应该用虚拟语气,即should后接动词原形,should可以省略。一、单句填空1.Wesuspecteditwasatricktogetourmoney.答案:that2.Weveofferedherthejob,butIdontknowshellacceptit.答案:if/wheth
22、er3.TheyaskedmeIhadlostweightinsuchashorttime.答案:how4.HewantedtoknowIhaddonetomakehisparentssopleased.答案:what5.DoyouknowwillgotoShanghaitoattendtheimportantmeeting?答案:who二、单句改错1.Ifyoufeeltiredandsickoffatfood,thatiswhereyouhavetogotothehospitalforamedicalexamination.答案:wherewhen2.Itsgoodtoknowwhatthedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewereaway.答案:whatthat3.Wearealwaystoldtobelieveinthatwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.答案:thatwhat4.IllseeifIcanhelpyou.答案:ifwhether5.IneverdoubtwhetherhecanspeakEnglishfluently.答案:whetherthat
