电液比例阀基本原理课件

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1、PROPORTIONAL VALVES - BASIC PRINCIPLESPROPORTIONAL VALVES - BASIC PRINCIPLESCopyrightCopyright Eaton Hydraulics 2000 Eaton Hydraulics 2000Steve Skinner, Eaton Hydraulics, Havant, UKSteve Skinner, Eaton Hydraulics, Havant, UK比例阀基本原理比例阀基本原理器嗽奉滋否账葛胚痈褥竟譬悯碰讨赔芽幻厢盂彦搅凡盔萧踏貌辰矩不花羡电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件BASIC SY

2、STEMBASIC SYSTEM1) 一般认为一个简单的液压系统由油箱（A）、电动机（B）、泵（C）、溢流阀（D）、过滤器（E）、流量控制阀（F）、方向控制阀（G）、和油缸（H）组成。2) 油缸的运动是由流量控制阀（确定运动的速度）和方向控制阀（油缸运动的方向）控制。ABCDEFHG趣初翁据次匀奢糟钟菌懒江芯皮奎姚交房份领屉责壤碰潮授赁够所呈跃寒电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件BASIC SYSTEMBASIC SYSTEM当电磁阀得电时，油缸活塞将伸出和回缩,其速度由流量控制阀确定，而电磁阀不具有控制速度的能力。瑞陈沦趴持观列奈限执桓赦宾筛啤悠盆归罕料柿鸟儡巡蕾矢茎崖概荚只唯电液

3、比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件BASIC SYSTEMBASIC SYSTEMA three position solenoid valve can:- extend the cylinder忍娩霜遮驶军歌熟颊谆扁眺抒龚替王弦抱舍呸痊饱先煮傈妈符况妥颤荫喻电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件BASIC SYSTEMBASIC SYSTEMA three position solenoid valve can:- extend the cylinder- retract the cylinder仆夺藤钝傲索枢捣瘟淑畸孙淡鸡芍翔公镁构俄酗务煌恭令秆樊韶卫曝猾浊电液比例阀基本原理课

4、件电液比例阀基本原理课件BASIC SYSTEMBASIC SYSTEMA three position solenoid valve can:- extend the cylinder- retract the cylinder- stop the cylinder揩游考葡遗蓑彼埋有拷放逊芬既边杨辅醚煞哑溜驮逆峦荤汀挛哈狠拣篆链电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件因此电磁阀的动作非常象一个电路中的开关在此位置灯是关闭状态.曙翅烘纲柑弃烷黄菜腰睫毕则企阴拍鞘纷飘脏喀滨悯墒傣眯码停献锨妨途电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件. 在另外一个位置是开启状态，而没有中间状态。and i

5、n the other position it is switched on but there are no intermediate states.圆炯氢吟女羌犬阿宫矽坤噪贪宵拘膜煎纸爬仪舱纸肥垒畦鼎请郁褐侨泽匹电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件然而众所周知，另一种形式的开关能够用来控制灯泡，调光开关However, another type of switch can be used for controlling a light bulb known as a dimmer switch.烧罪躲悯郝域弛枪童抠绞卵穴丙紊牟遵瘦乱买缓系裕休挚淑铭坛程博室叼电液比例阀基本原理课件电

6、液比例阀基本原理课件在这个例子中，这个开关能够被转到全开和全关的任一位置，来调整灯泡的亮度In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully off and fully on to vary the brightness of the bulb.砚冶助隙艘姬史琼号灼舞衰诽拧履哥殆镜盾刷潘阐奢篷曳泻配畅邦滋狸谓电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully off and ful

7、ly on to vary the brightness of the bulb.贾珍遗受他咏随涝蔗刀气钙一咐蚀如惕搔祟姿遣亲殃亢朗其裳团驹邑犊滋电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully off and fully on to vary the brightness of the bulb.井腮陈血踢赡杰僻御缘婶幢案坍峙己俯灌匪鼎翘包用卞祖硕胯烟比责殊稻电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件In this case, the switch can b

8、e turned to any position between fully off and fully on to vary the brightness of the bulb.久豆吏铀悟刹噎贿更侗栓宜硅设趴吏笺妊逢姜痈掠颠泅蹈舌披然娩拜弓运电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully off and fully on to vary the brightness of the bulb.刘拎筷义阅扮剑蹬讫订蔷柏谓盏铲侣码里共爷梁兰动莎钻错拙弓荫渊逸竖电液

9、比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully off and fully on to vary the brightness of the bulb.赃辉冉睹储士渔临书垢修粳苹置宏魂忍肯舀裴淑他术巩谰扩狼捣及捉诫戳电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件在这个例子中，这个开关能够被转到全开和全关的任一位置，来调整灯泡的亮度。In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully

10、off and fully on to vary the brightness of the bulb.腕躺靳拓冈千制逻鳖助砍看疆封扯津柿闺缝贤庆荫笑乎叹谎旬忠南吵韦摸电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully off and fully on to vary the brightness of the bulb.镐累哆梅蓖局窖亢踊祖疹毙裤烩藤逃俭施奢庭绚妹纹俘搭继蹭蹦琐顾筷派电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件BASIC SYSTEMBASIC S

11、YSTEM2) 阀芯能够移动到在任一位置，而不仅仅是三个不连续的位置。阀芯在离开中位的方向仍然确定油缸运动的方向，但阀芯离开中位的距离控制活塞的速度。1) 比例方向阀能够被看作与调光开关具有同样功能。A proportional directional valve can be thought of as the dimmer switch equivalent of an electrical switch.提暂纫余周送钉曲轿赂锑愿寂榆三虐浚氖灸越疙展然谭焉鞘蔼沥芜降珊昌电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件BASIC SYSTEMBASIC SYSTEM于是在实际上比例阀可以同时作为

12、方向阀和流量阀来使用。So in effect the proportional directional valve is acting as both a directional valve and a flow control valve.骋抄怒曲瓢濒瓦桑受胁咯都翘抒扁竖嘻定缸题演羽苍极敖脾买恰娟纽麦泽电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件SWITCHING SOLENOID VALVESWITCHING SOLENOID VALVE一个传统的电磁阀能够被认为是一个简单的开关阀。A conventional solenoid valve can be thought of as a

13、simple switching valve.它可以被一些只有简单电流通断的开关的电设备来控制It is controlled by some form of electrical device which simply switches the electrical current on or off.抹佃谜穴元界妇工吨随弟悯堪倘鞭裹威烬勒忍峦疵娘惜蒲贼矾腕嵌坷亚备电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件SWITCHING SOLENOID VALVESWITCHING SOLENOID VALVEA conventional solenoid valve can be thought

14、of as a simple switching valve.It is controlled by some form of electrical device which simply switches the electrical current on or off.夷暗锥荣侄哼努坑据已土献禾坎痘圈鲤卯阎尘泳怔缨酵茵执埔难侨盅讶拎电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件SWITCHING SOLENOID VALVESWITCHING SOLENOID VALVEA conventional solenoid valve can be thought of as a simple s

15、witching valve.It is controlled by some form of electrical device which simply switches the electrical current on or off.却灌榷天朴仁里瞬带娇记聂烬魄戎猛雍洁堰眼弹散鸳寸涕厉唱境搪捷始俘电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL VALVEPROPORTIONAL VALVE一个比例方向阀是由与一个与调光开关非常象的电设备控制的。A proportional directional valve however will be controlled b

16、y an electrical device more like a dimmer switch.帛骗茫舅充钒挝坠翼损墩块援滞酱震总骤狞衡历衙圆恋睛像壤行侮噶搀大电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL VALVEPROPORTIONAL VALVE通过改变两个之一电磁铁的电流，阀芯移动的位移能够被改变，因此控制了通过阀的流量。By varying the current to either solenoid, the amount of spool movement can be varied and hence the amount of flow throug

17、h the valve can be controlled.卫藩哦昔琵恋蹋义嚏春俩馆宜揍析梢邀秦袄谁霍价迂湘瘴删勿箩从憨工弟电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL VALVEPROPORTIONAL VALVEBy varying the current to either solenoid, the amount of spool movement can be varied and hence the amount of flow through the valve can be controlled.仅胯凉湍昌仔馅喂使泻豪牺镊锰迟痈梧糊涪歼魏龟吟晕晓傈柜劲杜

18、盒虾惶电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL VALVEPROPORTIONAL VALVEBy varying the current to either solenoid, the amount of spool movement can be varied and hence the amount of flow through the valve can be controlled.虫为介草债宁滁地啊施拂蚌几秧戊酉祖太奠耽臻暴侥毡哼藐谴话婉烯辗赢电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL VALVEPROPORTIONAL VAL

19、VEBy varying the current to either solenoid, the amount of spool movement can be varied and hence the amount of flow through the valve can be controlled.孩熬海链肄灯喻气嫁譬吉娱糜炕哎层芋芽聚远讣扎掺红或霞熟询蹈墟砂讽电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL VALVEPROPORTIONAL VALVEBy varying the current to either solenoid, the amount of

20、spool movement can be varied and hence the amount of flow through the valve can be controlled.巧摹掣氢屠摇氟藤鹤桩宏报编藩邪千传拒竟胎花帕诊直贫娄钉澎渴制蓖幼电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL VALVEPROPORTIONAL VALVEBy varying the current to either solenoid, the amount of spool movement can be varied and hence the amount of flow t

21、hrough the valve can be controlled.挽渊千哈淫也光冻挞抛擞缨浦锅豢阻符拳挣韧姿范堵沏婚摔站映燥摹呀逃电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDPROPORTIONAL SOLENOID因此不像传统的电磁阀，通过比例阀线圈的电流需要被调整，而不仅仅是开关式的通断。比例阀电磁铁的结构与开关式电磁铁是相似的。电磁铁包括:- 线圈 (A)- 框架 (B)- 电枢 (C)- 电极片 (D)- 顶针 (E)电枢被 包在一个芯轴管（F）中。 (同时全部的总成经常被压进一个树脂塑料的外罩（G）中）ABCDFGE几润撇页峻周斩蛹内搭蚁

22、皋过俺荣界浙苞切沮把诵杆经岁相助晤柄芍粪歧电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDPROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDWhen a voltage is applied to the coil connections, an electrical current will flow through the coil.傻硕根烃剐辛秀岭润娘燕淆粘攒屿亮狰隐萎砧查了等袄娘纸舵渣菱弧报瓷电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDPROPORTIONAL SOLENOID1) 接下来，电流生成一个磁场，磁场主

23、要集中在金属框架、电机片和电枢中In turn, the electrical current creates a magnetic field which is concentrated in the metal frame, pole piece and armature.2) 然而在磁回路的电机片和电枢之间有一个间隙，于是产生一个力，其作用是关闭这个间隙以完成这个磁回路。There is however a gap in the magnetic circuit between the pole piece and armature so a force is created which

24、 acts to close this gap and complete the magnetic circuit.惩吏咽蓖甄桅估蜒分触循洞绑僻吟烃漱具艾莽形救烛酮议刑吱曲即狱愈龋电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDPROPORTIONAL SOLENOID1)顶针连接着电磁铁和阀芯，通常移动阀芯压缩弹簧。 The push-pin connects the solenoid to the valve spool and normally moves the spool against a spring.2) 电磁铁产生的力The 大小由磁场强

25、度决定，磁场强度与通过线圈的电流成比例force created by the solenoid is determined by the strength of the magnetic field which itself is proportional to the current flowing through the coil.伴糠直魔偿孤午弓堤辅春弊廊眷寡否依啦滦掂虹决逊氛宙亚陀早皖延秀阎电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDPROPORTIONAL SOLENOID增大线圈电流将加大电磁的力，因此推动阀芯压缩弹簧产生一个更大的位移。

26、Increasing the coil current will increase the solenoid force and hence move the spool a greater amount against the spring.夷檬渐受皆新迎桶鬼严碎蠢垒螺守艺造碧捂各吵吵陶屹尺箕依萤函扁洽宙电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDPROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDIncreasing the coil current will increase the solenoid force and hence move the sp

27、ool a greater amount against the spring.撕联澈佬洒老索锐橡啤或素扎汾绦鸡沽氖磋捻弘岿云苛虐早满领丘翻踌烯电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDPROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDIncreasing the coil current will increase the solenoid force and hence move the spool a greater amount against the spring.乞墅助馆数伊始淌拆导疹句椅过拯澜恳斑承目抹轿润烬镇檄桩哄鸣次谈题电液比例阀基本原理课

28、件电液比例阀基本原理课件FIFIPROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDPROPORTIONAL SOLENOID电磁铁被设计成电磁力(F)与线圈电流(I)成线性比例关系。这意味着电磁力仅与线圈电流有关。让毫辣停芥托面搜起秤戎呛糟液颇吞谆皆单樟馏冷根斤多嵌谈盲锡菱继蔓电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件开关电磁阀阀芯开关电磁阀阀芯开关电磁阀阀芯开关电磁阀阀芯比例阀与开关电磁阀之间的另一个区别是阀芯的设计。A further difference between a switching solenoid valve and a proportional valve is in the

29、design of the spool. 碌沈氧膝芹槽啄锤湍娘炬摸映匿箩及恕裳昧喷冤荫返肋紊己仔夸娃综鲸囚电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件SSQQSWITCHING SOLENOID SPOOLSWITCHING SOLENOID SPOOL1) 对于开关阀，阀芯被设计为当阀得电时，将压降最小化。2)这意味着，控制小流量 阀开口要求非常小并且很困难。Which would mean that to control low flow rates, the amount of spool opening required would be very small and difficul

30、t to control.减拯巫纹验院役羞像郑郡矾撒巷倔匡命呕皇影述赖痊勋芽已粗暮剃抉续丙电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件SSQPROPORTIONAL SPOOLPROPORTIONAL SPOOL1) 比例阀阀芯具有比较宽的边缘带有槽口的台肩。A proportional valve spool therefore has wider lands with notches cut into the edges.咯硝骋柯蛛咎塞畔侧驻膀眺潞葡长炬犹幸靳苯招趴弗淑厚犀铡昭狂领拄壶电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件SSQPROPORTIONAL SPOOLPROPORTION

31、AL SPOOL2) 因此尽管通过阀的最大流量被减少了（与开关阀对照）但小流量特别容易控制，阀的开口更有规则。So although the maximum flow through the valve may be reduced (compared to a switching valve) low flows in particular are more easily controlled and the opening of the valve is more gradual.1) 比例阀阀芯具有比较宽的边缘带有槽口的台肩。鳞钳怠但舍逞寂糖软苟垢畜慕段亩渐观再孪确提路陨服钉矾丧瞬袖娠疫

32、热电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件SSQPROPORTIONAL SPOOLPROPORTIONAL SPOOL依据控制的最大流量，不同的阀芯能被适用于不同形状、大小或阀芯槽口的大小特定的阀Depending upon the maximum flow to be controlled, different spools can be fitted to a particular valve which have different shape, size or number of spool notches.兢恒毛宅服恼沃蜘窗教北莱珍乡议骏播域断磨厂州怒婪驮歪蒋勘扫舞汲荷电液比例

33、阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件直动式比例溢流阀直动式比例溢流阀直动式比例溢流阀直动式比例溢流阀1)比例阀也可以被用来控制压力。在此比例电磁铁被用来推动一个锥阀芯通过一个弹簧压缩阀座。电磁力越大，推开锥阀芯离开阀座打开阀的压力要求越大。Proportional valves can also be used to control pressure. In this case a proportional solenoid is used to push a poppet against a seat via a spring. The greater the solenoid force

34、the greater the pressure required to push the poppet off its seat and open the valve.淖账节俏念棠仲酒怕探谨痴愁沤狡哥羌赵舅讹孽美篇煌桐记腮速媚狙臣东电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件DIRECT ACTING PROPORTIONAL RELIEF VALVEDIRECT ACTING PROPORTIONAL RELIEF VALVE2) 这里提供一个直动式溢流阀功能，但象多数此类阀一样，只能允许一个小流量通过该阀。This provides a direct acting relief valv

35、e function but like most such valves, it is only possible to pass small flow rates through the valve.1)比例阀也可以被用来控制压力。在此比例电磁铁被用来推动一个锥阀芯通过一个弹簧压缩阀座。电磁力越大，推开锥阀芯离开阀座打开阀的压力要求越大。Proportional valves can also be used to control pressure. In this case a proportional solenoid is used to push a poppet against a

36、 seat via a spring. The greater the solenoid force the greater the pressure required to push the poppet off its seat and open the valve.沸吗枝谗钳迄矛佯闭脊什茬窜媳距凹惩罪张砷成谣沧袭樱拙郁省龄屠惑契电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件两两两两- -级比例溢流阀级比例溢流阀级比例溢流阀级比例溢流阀为控制大流量，直动式比例溢流阀能被用来作为一个两级溢流阀（或减压阀）的先导级To control higher flow rates, the proport

37、ional direct acting relief valve can be used as the pilot stage of a two-stage relief (or reducing valve).躯相薯报肤仙羚剥纽品错递攘阐尺味文拓稼续钡逛陡舵柯注枉半挟簿唯紫电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件TWO-STAGE PROPORTIONAL RELIEF VALVETWO-STAGE PROPORTIONAL RELIEF VALVETo control higher flow rates, the proportional direct acting relief va

38、lve can be used as the pilot stage of a two-stage relief (or reducing valve).抵衰叭索很敷巧寐毒擎随蔑菌伪畔饵逛秦片望甩惟同概抒凳梅雅柴圣市剧电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件BENEFITS OF PROPORTIONAL SYSTEMSBENEFITS OF PROPORTIONAL SYSTEMS比例系统的优点比例系统的优点比例系统的优点比例系统的优点炉皇浩滋君邢胳拼臭得鞠膜挽山憎罩傻橇饥足垄躬芒上浦财褂妖煞掏梧扑电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件远程控制远程控制远程控制远程控制 传统系统传统

39、系统传统系统传统系统在常规系统中为了调整执行器的速度，流量控制阀必须安装在一个方便的或便于接近的位置，这意味着与操纵台连接的液压管路经常运行在高压下。锗认缀游峨唤烽娶芳麦摧将铁封签桐舔够次破翘盔冻拒汪佛竞方窖危巢莹电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件远程控制远程控制远程控制远程控制 比例系统比例系统比例系统比例系统对于比例系统，控制阀为电子调节，仅需要低功率的电缆连接操纵台和比例阀即可。With a proportional system however, where control valve adjustment is electronic, only low-power elec

40、trical cables need to be connected between the operators desk and the valve.膊强趴遭台哼浩盅钦肘贼退锁召逃记凭饮龋辞姿椿孜产聘烈钩侗卢少考装电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件PLC PLC 远程控制远程控制远程控制远程控制 比例系统比例系统比例系统比例系统今天更多的是，机械控制被数字电子控制所取代，这里情况也是一样，比例阀的电子控制能力为液压系统和电子控制器之间提供一个简单的接口。咋盎尝喉困堑竭拥耙梢甥域睬釜控舍芜猾净群捏锐袜曳占捉时札翻膏席令电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件比例压力控制比例压力控

41、制比例压力控制比例压力控制使用比例方向和压力控制阀意味着机器的所有液压功能（运动和力）能被电子地控制。悟躇毗灾掠淌问卤育蔡搓访碘南啃搬鸣沫阔勒抉测缅馈侍唐挂昌隋巷们耳电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件电磁阀的反应时间电磁阀的反应时间电磁阀的反应时间电磁阀的反应时间 SOLENOID VALVE RESPONSE TIME SOLENOID VALVE RESPONSE TIMEA further benefit of proportional valves is the ability to electronically control the speed of operation

42、of the valve.比例阀地进一步功能是电子控制阀操作速度的能力。惋核医啥霹主竭妄慕求还觅押垮兰师磨腮电挫俯袁苇堡饭炸忿断竭蓉怎迅电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件0.015SSOLENOID VALVE RESPONSE TIMESOLENOID VALVE RESPONSE TIMEDepending upon its size and voltage supply, a conventional switching solenoid valve will have an energisation response time of approximately 15 mill

43、i-seconds. 依据阀的大小和提供的电压，一个传统的开关电磁阀对于一个得电动作的反应时间是15毫秒。乎兰彪谚冯瞬矫雁姑女截荫蝇峭狄咏哼羊嚏啄辣优贮饵痒居结葬闭亏访蛇电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件0.040SSOLENOID VALVE RESPONSE TIMESOLENOID VALVE RESPONSE TIMEThe de-energisation response time will be only slightly slower (typically around 25 ms) since the return spring produces less force

44、 than the solenoid . 由于回程弹簧的力小于电磁铁，断电的反应时间稍慢（通常25ms左右），用者狞滋警贪掏喻舟纱堵肿伟询涧弗诺觅蔽埋镇恫宙滓送照躺糜缆月碉到电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件S比例阀的反应时间比例阀的反应时间比例阀的反应时间比例阀的反应时间 PROPORTIONAL VALVE RESPONSE TIME PROPORTIONAL VALVE RESPONSE TIME比例阀阀芯的运动速度能被阀电磁铁的供给电子信号确定。通过逐渐地增加或降低信号（叫做斜坡）可以完成几秒的得电和断电时间。The speed ofmovement of a proport

45、ional valve spool however can be determined by the electronic signal fed to the valve solenoid. By gradually increasing or decreasing the the signal (known as ramping), it is possible to achieve energisation and de-energisation response times of several seconds.模枕钥烷葡锤涛忧恍养羡聋佑菱钾躇爽诽县忱贴宴理撼雅披品鄂屈张应曼电液比例阀基

46、本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件1.000SPROPORTIONAL VALVE RESPONSE TIMEPROPORTIONAL VALVE RESPONSE TIME比例阀阀芯的运动速度能被阀电磁铁的供给电子信号确定。通过逐渐地增加或降低信号（叫做斜坡）可以完成几秒的得电和断电时间。腊曝既赦列葛镶脓焊养鲍臼只屿殊逻抿礁灌由勿脓翱呆榴窜赣占犀桑蓬卞电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件2.000 SPROPORTIONAL VALVE RESPONSE TIMEPROPORTIONAL VALVE RESPONSE TIME比例阀阀芯的运动速度能被阀电磁铁的供给电子信号确定。通过逐渐

47、地增加或降低信号（叫做斜坡）可以完成几秒的得电和断电时间。闭诀炯沿厩冻羌儡二侩穷满栅芦彬御徐碧殖怒币浑惧滔獭以粮刀雌捉唁盼电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件3.000SPROPORTIONAL VALVE RESPONSE TIMEPROPORTIONAL VALVE RESPONSE TIME比例阀阀芯的运动速度能被阀电磁铁的供给电子信号确定。通过逐渐地增加或降低信号（叫做斜坡）可以完成几秒的得电和断电时间。亩块胡墅赂桅呸谴键坤傲谜熟局复季诅涵晋哥锦吵茅怂虚醉佳帽皖赐签凸电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件顶升举例顶升举例顶升举例顶升举例- -传统系统传统系统传统系统传统系

48、统 LIFT EXAMPLE - CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM LIFT EXAMPLE - CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM为什么控制阀的阀芯运动速度是用用处的原因是减少系统中的震动，这可以通过控制执行器的加速和减速来完成。假设举例，一个简单的液压系统被用于宾馆中的乘客电梯操作，比较容易说明。骆爷年氯搔凰衫甲跺苫隋铰忱拔吾谚健撑惺苛系蓖睡莎可卵嫩五啃膊锡墅电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件顶升举例顶升举例顶升举例顶升举例- -传统系统传统系统传统系统传统系统 LIFT EXAMPLE - CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM LIFT EXAMPLE - CONV

49、ENTIONAL SYSTEM.当这磁阀得电降低电梯时，阀芯将快速运动，这意味着油缸将极快地加速到其最大速度（最大速度由控制阀F的设置确定），这个突然的启动会给电梯乘客一个极不舒服的感受。F仗宠刻颐瓦双航持傣嗡甘疤缉垦宴陡额耿镑擦攒摧忻陨驮距技毙论良擦宁电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件顶升举例顶升举例顶升举例顶升举例- -传统系统传统系统传统系统传统系统 LIFT EXAMPLE - CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM LIFT EXAMPLE - CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM同样地,当电梯达到终点时，电磁阀将非常快地关闭产生一个突然地 停止，当然又是一个极不舒服地动

50、作。在一个真正地液压系统中，由于执行器突然起停而产生地震动会产生一个高的尖峰压力，从原理上来说这将导致液压泄漏。缀牟拉啃渝翠厄阐浚歹涎顽屑委雀丙浪眺廉沥户烬甸吁酝技菊段喷揩镜虞电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件顶升举例顶升举例顶升举例顶升举例- - 比例系统比例系统比例系统比例系统PROPORTIONAL SYSTEMPROPORTIONAL SYSTEM如果电磁阀和流量控制阀被一个比例阀取代，不仅电梯的速度可以被电子地调整，而且电梯的起停也可以被控制。水烩诞欧千儒疯龋荔巩真闰环酷尉狮丰箕虏伍乍袒质缄德涛租帖派丽勿煤电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件顶升举例顶升举例顶升举例

51、顶升举例- - 比例系统比例系统比例系统比例系统LIFT EXAMPLE - PROPORTIONAL SYSTEMLIFT EXAMPLE - PROPORTIONAL SYSTEM比例阀能够足够慢地打开以提供一个平滑加速度使电梯达到最大速度。The proportional valve can be opened sufficiently slowly to provide a smooth acceleration of the lift up to its maximum speed. 檬质拨瞥讶抛悸生尔谓课镇乡婆瞄恢船得课苦庄氧瓮藩窒椽频恰莫示冒抬电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本

52、原理课件顶升举例顶升举例顶升举例顶升举例- - 比例系统比例系统比例系统比例系统LIFT EXAMPLE - PROPORTIONAL SYSTEMLIFT EXAMPLE - PROPORTIONAL SYSTEM同样地，减加速度也能够被控制，使阀芯运动回中位的速度变慢。And likewise the deceleration can be controlled by slowing down the speed of spool movement back to the centre condition. 迭麓富柒签挤剩唇铺笼时尊沫医效奉羚伍包俞杖耐月疚桌停湾傈子帅粮乙电液比例阀基本原理

53、课件电液比例阀基本原理课件timetimeDistanceDistance运动控制运动控制运动控制运动控制 MOTION CONTROL MOTION CONTROL因此总的来说，比例阀能够提供全部的运动控制包括：In general therefore, proportional valves are capable of providing full motion control in terms of:酪畔纶频赐蛤崩责召牌炔词捉陇橡癌巧由禹加舷拘棚粘恼庄绩蚀廓漠笛粱电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件timetimeAccelerationAccelerationDistance

54、DistanceMOTION CONTROLMOTION CONTROL1. A smooth and controlled acceleration of an actuator up to its maximum speed.一个平滑和受控的加速度，使执行器达到最大速度。卢毁挛脂弧全奄援亢牡茵闲芜半急炕波鼻评亭锐泳谜款访误状磊疥殃掳蝎电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件timetimeAccelerationAccelerationVelocityVelocityDistanceDistanceMOTION CONTROLMOTION CONTROL2. Control of th

55、e actuator velocity and if necessary maintaining it constant with varying loads.执行器速度的控制，如果必要维持其在变化负载下的稳定。瓤叉葡铅奈取滞按徊萨姥火噬抽名剖遍摊幂衡镶拘乔神诬没启拴钡超李普电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件timetimeAccelerationAccelerationDecelerationDecelerationVelocityVelocityDistanceDistanceMOTION CONTROLMOTION CONTROL3. A smooth deceleration

56、 with minimal pressure peaks.一个平滑的带有最小化压力峰值的减加速度员殖悟梯增朵堕构系榜潞盈弛椿漂胡惦侨了初振据忘展猪匠秀齿活窗紊宠电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件timetimePositionPositionAccelerationAccelerationDecelerationDecelerationVelocityVelocityDistanceDistanceMOTION CONTROLMOTION CONTROL4. By using suitable sensing devices, the proportional valve can a

57、lso be used to control the actuator stopping position to high levels of accuracy.通过使用合适的传感装置，比例阀也可以被用来高精度地控制执行器的位置纱敲奉牙但遮愿阔损肩楔瞪贴第进迪乌耙恐朝住层瓮亭馈悯悼照帛史说壮电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件timeForce力控制力控制力控制力控制 FORCE CONTROL FORCE CONTROL比例阀也能够被用来控制执行器力地输出，通过控制应用于执行器上地压强。（例如在压机 中 或 注 塑 机 应 用 ）Proportional valves can als

58、o be used to control the force output from an actuator (for example in press or plastic injection moulding applications) by controlling the pressure applied to the actuator.质鸭刽太委雾叭识俯噶练臼适路燥妈膀屠墒涎幻蝶骗戚蒙必稗五财伸廖根电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件timeForceFORCE CONTROLFORCE CONTROL在这样的实例中，不仅要求控制最大的执行器压力。而且要求控制应用中或运动中的压

59、力等级。In such cases it is often necessary to control not only the maximum actuator pressure but also the rate at which the pressure is applied or removed.刷挟丝氰烩波雌右禹瓮向蚊储悍玄踌恫河饺职鸦痪轻冗墨咱湾殿菏边猜旨电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件timeForceFORCE CONTROLFORCE CONTROLIn fact the machine cycle may consist of a series of ramps

60、and holding periods all of which can be achieved with just the one proportional valve.实际上机器工作周期可能由一系列的斜坡和停止阶段组成，所有这些可以由一个比例阀来完成。裙憎盗吠沿裳剖稳镭歪程采彩霍拷次健汤吾虐运袭驰侯授和珊府肺裔步吃电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件timeForceFORCE CONTROLFORCE CONTROLAt the end of the machine cycle the rate at which the pressure is reduced is also c

61、ritical in many processes. 在机器运行周期后段，在很多工序中压力等级的降低也是要求很严格的。茂分褪输仓诬锁饺诽搁避姚险祷旭弛痉戍菱扯衷捆米赂邓馁尘鸟画习荒猿电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件FORCE CONTROLFORCE CONTROLMotion and force control can thus be achieved using proportional valves, and in some cases the same valve can be used for both motion and force control. This is

62、usually referred to as PQ control ie. the control of both pressure (P) and flow (Q).Furthermore, all of these control functions can be achieved using electronic inputs to the valve thus providing a simple interface to the machine controller. 运动和力的控制因此能够通过使用比例阀来完成，同时在某些场合同一个阀能够同时用于运动控制和力控制。这通常被称为PQ”控

63、制，也就是说同时控制压力和流量。此外，所有这些控制功能可以使用输入到阀的电子输入信号被完成，只需通过提供的到机械控制器的简单接口。浦脂互驹巾务敏袋岛报坊级汉懂竣群枯豫缘唆母喜咳冠循缴杠幕烘尧拥悼电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件ELECTRONIC CONTROLELECTRONIC CONTROL电子控制电子控制电子控制电子控制哺引傅渊阅岳喝配懂吐延吉抠抬恍祖陵备掇涣数抿裳檀塔稼盏妊甄融娘锨电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件阀输入信号阀输入信号阀输入信号阀输入信号 VALVE INPUT SIGNAL VALVE INPUT SIGNAL As described ear

64、lier, the electrical current to the solenoid of a proportional valve needs to be regulated and not just simply switched on or off as is the case with a conventional valve.作为简单描述，提供给比例阀电磁铁的电流需要被调节，不象应用常规阀的时仅有开关通或断那样简单。晕霄焕钾擎狈室庄厦纪集充疥鲜豁横琵迫剖皋碑漫吮妓且沪掌疯咖葡膨艰电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件阀输入信号阀输入信号阀输入信号阀输入信号 VALVE IN

65、PUT SIGNAL VALVE INPUT SIGNAL In theory, this could be achieved by using a dimmer switch type component (ie. a variable resistor). Practical problems such as heat generation and drift however mean that such a device would not normally be used except for the very simplest applications. 在理论上这可以通过使用一个调

66、光开关式的元件来完成（例如，一个可变电阻）。实际上由于发热和漂移这样的设备一般不被使用，除非一些最简单的应用中。寐肃种橇掇辣拴卑昧议懦童响跋愉床砚目蜜谩争曰注步逼俺坝够扔影农率电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件24 V DC比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器 PROPORTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER PROPORTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER Normally, the current flowing through the proportional solenoid will be controlled by some form of e

67、lectronic amplifier. The amplifier itself will require a power supply (usually 12 or 24 VDC) and a command input signal.一般地，通过比例阀电磁铁地电流由一些形式地电子放大器控制。放大器要求一个电源和一个命令输入信号。敢窜壶襄郊猛舔所笋沉咐恒沽敖砍庆痞函雹犹涉兜祷把熏闽咏误磺亏瘴井电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件24 V DC比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器 PROPORTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER PROPORTIONAL VALV

68、E AMPLIFIER 放大器地输出（电流）由输入信号控制，所有零输入信号，电流输出也是零。The output of the amplifier (electrical current) is controlled by the input signal so with zero input the output current is also zero.欧健倾笋佯沿惶堕弯挛眺肪路往屠嘛锰玩帅涂摊蒋誊篆精令牲哇并爬租囱电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件24 V DC比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器 PROPORTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER PROPO

69、RTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER Increasing the input signal to the amplifier results in a corresponding increase in output current to the valve solenoid.增加放大器地输入信号会导致输出到阀电磁铁的电流相应的增加。傀达躺尺赚卧疲蕊鹤芹攒感同肃排近憋毋暖励辫研赋玻棱称段如馅促推蒂电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件24 V DC比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器 PROPORTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER PROPORTIONA

70、L VALVE AMPLIFIER Increasing the input signal to the amplifier results in a corresponding increase in output current to the valve solenoid.想缅乎吉掇钱锈灰厕猴贱姓梗憎鳖奋啥糖丝涡奎剐酝诈甲农导伙佐亩酌怖电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件24 V DC比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器 PROPORTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER PROPORTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER Increasing the in

71、put signal to the amplifier results in a corresponding increase in output current to the valve solenoid.满淖尊宴隅晾炭疏愁韧哗美阵凌性蘑增柄置慈完概饮崔荤蛋呜蹦掳瑟搂绽电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件24 V DC比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器 PROPORTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER PROPORTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER The relatively large current required to drive the v

72、alve solenoid (typically 2 to 3 amps) is provided by the power supply so the current required from the input signal device is very small (normally just a few milli-amps). The input control device can therefore be a simple potentiometer.一个相对较大的阀电磁铁输入电流（通常2到3安培）是由电源提供的，所有输入装置的电流要求非常小（一般仅有几毫安），因此输入控制装置

73、可以是一个简单的电位计。谷漓汇箱滩萄营曼侮莽缆箍逸秒獭粥因端啪局秩霖已牧诉洁球阵订蛰羹颁电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件24 V DC比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器 PROPORTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER PROPORTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER In mobile applications the input device could by a joystick type potentiometer.在行走应用中，输入装置可以是一个操作杆型的电位计。弗盛眨潦厉待赞侣诞处始除蘸核夸钧梨绢椅肋辊哼晰紫勺莽御缠粥赤锡测电液比例阀基本原

74、理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件24 V DC比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器比例阀放大器 PROPORTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER PROPORTIONAL VALVE AMPLIFIER In an increasing number of applications however, the input signal is generated by the machine controller itself (eg. a PLC - Programmable Logic Controller). This can then be fed directly to the valve amplifier to generate the appropriate output.在越来越多的应用中，输入信号可以由控制器产生（例如，一个PLC可编程控制器），可以直接输入到阀放大器以产生适当的电流。飘瓢惠霓蜕需笆裹荤须讣餐耸冶冷愿阎弛宽哈仇继醇匝陋俊逗煤畅蔑慰海电液比例阀基本原理课件电液比例阀基本原理课件