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1、TONGJI UNIVERSITY 1907 2012 Sample Paper Analysis魏凌霄魏凌霄 石翔宇石翔宇 李后红李后红 刘凯刘凯 杨开杨开洪洪 Group 5Citizenship education and youth participation in democracyA . Basic introduction of the paperB . Over structure of paperC . Abstract analysis李后红李后红CONTENTTitle :Citizenship education and youth participation in d
2、emocracyAuthor: Murray Print , from Sydney UniversityJournal: British journal of education study Basic introductionNature: This is a very good paper use empirical and theoretical study s method (实证性性和和理理论性性研研究究研研究究方方法法). Because , we can find that there are theories and data, and the author draw con
3、clusion (questions, characteristics, method) from the report (Youth electoral study).Study field: Education& politic science (focus on the relationship between formal education and informal education and youth politic participation ). Basic introduction Overall structure of the paper Structure of pa
4、per ( Six parts) (Abstract / introduction/ text /conclusion/reference) Overall structure of the paper TEXTPARTICIPATION IN DEMOCRACY SCHOOLING AND EDUCATION FOR DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP IN AUSTRALIA THE DISCOVERING DEMOCRACY PROGRAMMEYOUTH ELECTORAL STUDYYOUTH PARTICIPATION CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN SC
5、HOOLS Abstract analysis Background “ Citizenship education in established democracies is challenged by declining youth participation in democracy. Youth disenchantment and disengagement in democracy is primarily evident in formal political behavior, especially through voting, declining membership of
6、 political.” Abstract analysis Topic “If citizenship education is to play a major role in addressing these concerns it will need to review the impact it is making on young people in schools.” Abstract analysis Special investigation(method): “This paper reviews a major national project on youth parti
7、cipation in democracy in Australia set in the context of a national citizenship education program. The Youth Electoral Study found that citizenship education in Australian schools has at best been marginally successful and substantially more is required to raise levels of democratic engagement.” Abs
8、tract analysis Contribution “The paper explores many opportunities available to education systems and schools to address these issues through reconceptualising aspects of the formal and the informal curriculum.”Introduction魏凌霄魏凌霄Introduction 1.Established democracies face a conundrum that challenges
9、 their very legitimacy. 文章开篇提出民主制面临的问题，并且说明文化的文章开篇提出民主制面临的问题，并且说明文化的丰富需要民主，政府也希望民众能更广泛的参与民丰富需要民主，政府也希望民众能更广泛的参与民主。主。Introduction2.Yet these same democracies are now characterised by declining citizen participation of many forms. 但是民众的民主参与却在下降。Introduction 3. The family does not, or cannot, provide t
10、his educative experience, even though research indicates that parents and television are influential sources of political information for young people.That leaves the school as the most logical source for conducting citizenship education. Over the past two decades citizenship education has been intr
11、oduced, reviewed or consolidated. 家庭和媒体引导不行，所以学校教育成为重要载体。在过家庭和媒体引导不行，所以学校教育成为重要载体。在过去的去的20年里，学校在公民教育上已经做出了努力。年里，学校在公民教育上已经做出了努力。Introduction4.Yet,paradoxically,asdemandforeducationfordemocraticcitizenshipgrows,youthparticipationinformaldemocracyisdeclining,adeclinewhichisparticularlyevidentintheesta
12、blisheddemocracies. 但是，青年人的民主政治参率与仍在下降。但是，青年人的民主政治参率与仍在下降。但是也并不是但是也并不是青年不愿意参与，他们有政治热情，但是因为各种原因使青年不愿意参与，他们有政治热情，但是因为各种原因使得他们没有参与。得他们没有参与。为什么呢？为什么呢？IntroductionIsthereasolutiontothisconundrumandtothechallengeofdecliningparticipationindemocracybyyoungpeople?Whatinfluencesyouthcivicengagementandencourag
13、esthemtoparticipateindemocracyandpoliticallifemorespecifically? 本文在这个基础上，提出问题，有没有解决方法？是什么影本文在这个基础上，提出问题，有没有解决方法？是什么影响青年人的民主参与，以及怎么样让他们参与民主政治？响青年人的民主参与，以及怎么样让他们参与民主政治？Introduction 本文的引言主要是作者的思考过程，即如何一步本文的引言主要是作者的思考过程，即如何一步一步提出问题，分析问题，解决问题，对他所要一步提出问题，分析问题，解决问题，对他所要研究的问题做了现象学的分析。研究的问题做了现象学的分析。Introduct
14、ion 1.Established democracies face a conundrum that challenges their very legitimacy. 文章开篇提出民主制面临的问题，并且说明文化的文章开篇提出民主制面临的问题，并且说明文化的丰富需要民主，政府也希望民众能更广泛的参与民丰富需要民主，政府也希望民众能更广泛的参与民主。主。Introduction2.Yet these same democracies are now characterised by declining citizen participation of many forms. 但是民众的民主参与
15、却在下降。Introduction 3. The family does not, or cannot, provide this educative experience, even though research indicates that parents and television are influential sources of political information for young people.That leaves the school as the most logical source for conducting citizenship education.
16、 Over the past two decades citizenship education has been introduced, reviewed or consolidated. 家庭和媒体引导不行，所以学校教育成为重要载体。在过家庭和媒体引导不行，所以学校教育成为重要载体。在过去的去的20年里，学校在公民教育上已经做出了努力。年里，学校在公民教育上已经做出了努力。Introduction4.Yet,paradoxically,asdemandforeducationfordemocraticcitizenshipgrows,youthparticipationinformalde
17、mocracyisdeclining,adeclinewhichisparticularlyevidentintheestablisheddemocracies. 但是，青年人的民主政治参率与仍在下降。但是，青年人的民主政治参率与仍在下降。但是也并不是但是也并不是青年不愿意参与，他们有政治热情，但是因为各种原因使青年不愿意参与，他们有政治热情，但是因为各种原因使得他们没有参与。得他们没有参与。为什么呢？为什么呢？IntroductionIsthereasolutiontothisconundrumandtothechallengeofdecliningparticipationindemocr
18、acybyyoungpeople?Whatinfluencesyouthcivicengagementandencouragesthemtoparticipateindemocracyandpoliticallifemorespecifically? 本文在这个基础上，提出问题，有没有解决方法？是什么影本文在这个基础上，提出问题，有没有解决方法？是什么影响青年人的民主参与，以及怎么样让他们参与民主政治？响青年人的民主参与，以及怎么样让他们参与民主政治？Participation in democracy1杨开洪杨开洪1， Civic indicators - active membership
19、 of groups/associations;volunteering; fundraising for charities, community participation/problem solving.2，Electoral indicators - regular voting; persuading others; contributionsto political parties; assisting candidates with campaigns.3，Political engagement indicators - contacting officials; contac
20、tingprint and broadcast media; protest; written petitions; boycottingand boycotting activists, email petitions and internet engagement.(CIRCLE, 2002)Voting in Democracies2 Yet there is persuasive evidence that young people aged 18 to 25 years of age are increasingly disengaging from their electoral
21、responsibilities by avoiding enrolment and not voting in elections Schooling and Education for Democratic Citizenship in Australia3 In modern democracies citizenship education may be translated as meaning programs in education for democratic citizenship, that is, learning about being a citizen in a
22、democracy through educational programs in schools.THE DISCOVERING DEMOCRACY PROGRAMME41，YOUTH ELECTORAL STUDY2，YOUTH PARTICIPATION3， ENGAGEMENT4，TRUST IN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICIANS5，CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS6，FORMAL CURRICULUM7，INFORMAL CURRICULUMConclusion Therefore, greater encouragement of
23、 these elements of the informal curriculum is needed to offer students, schools and education systems an enhanced opportunity for democratic participation by young people. CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION AND YOUTHPARTICIPATION IN DEMOCRACY(公民教育公民教育和和青年人青年人的的民主参与民主参与)刘凯刘凯INTRODUCTION引言PARTICIPATIONINDEMOCRACY民
24、主参与VotinginDemocracies民主投票SCHOOLINGANDEDUCATIONFORDEMOCRATICCITIZENSHIPINAUSTRALIA澳大利亚的学校教育和公民民主教育THEDISCOVERINGDEMOCRACYPROGRAMME民主方案的探索OutcomesofDiscoveringDemocracy成果YOUTHELECTORIAlSTUDY青年选举研究YOUTHPARTICIPATION青年参与ENGAGEMENT契约TRUSTINGOVERNMENTANDPOLITICIANS政府和政治家的信任CITIZENSHIPEDUCATIONINSCHOOLS学校
25、中的公民教育FORMALCURRICULUM正规课程INFORMALCURRICULUM非正规课程CONCLUSIONS结论ACKNOWLEDGEMENT致谢NOTE注意REFERENCES参考资料 DictionSentenceSonciseness石翔宇ppl. ppl. 分词分词Competingforcesimpactingontheschoolcurriculumhavebeenmoresuccessfulingainingresourcesandcurriculumtime.Combiningevidencefromthe2001AustralianCensus,CIRCLE,th
26、eElectoralCommissionandYES,theseyoungpeopleappeartoconstituteadistinctgeneration.Decliningdemocraticparticipationismorewidespreadthanvotinginelections.Giventheschoolsroleindutyofcaretheapplicationofdemocraticparticipationisclearlyrestrained,plex sentencecomplex sentenceWhiledisenchantmentanddisengag
27、ementofyouthindemocracyisprimarilyevidentinformalpoliticalbehaviour and indicators such as joining politicalparties, substantial evidence exists that youngpeople do have political views and participate inalternativepoliticalbehaviour.年轻人对民主已经不抱幻想并且脱离之，当这点在正规的政治活动以及诸如参与政党这类指标中明显体现时，大量的证据却表明年轻人确实有政治观点
28、并且也参与了非正规的政治活动。 other formsother formsAsacountrywithbothcompulsoryvotingandahighlevelofappliedsanctionstoenhancecomplianceonnon-voters,Australiawouldbeexpectedtodemonstrateexceptionallyhighlevelsofyouthvoting.Femalesweremorelikelytoenrolandmorelikelytovotethanmalesandmorefemaleswouldvotethanmalesifitwasnotcompulsory.concisenessconcisenessWithintheformalcurriculum,citizenshipeducationmaybeconceptualisedasspecificschoolsubjectssuchascitizenship,civics,governmentorhistory.Yet,paradoxically,asdemandforeducationfordemocraticcitizenshipgrows,youthparticipationinformaldemocracyisdeclining.
