《语言学单元hyponymy.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《语言学单元hyponymy.ppt（15页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Group Members：张宝利（张宝利（201003014313）阚文蕊（阚文蕊（201003014412）程佳楠（程佳楠（201003014402）赵赵 茜（茜（201003014414）Polysemy多义关系 Sense Sense relationsrelationsHomonymy同形同音异义关系 Synonymy同义关系Antonymy反义关系 Hyponymy Hyponymy 上下义关系上下义关系上下义关系上下义关系HyponymyHyponymy is the sense relationship that relates words hierarchically. Th
2、e underlying observation is that some words have a more general meaning, while others have a more specific meaning, while referring to the same entity. FOODMEATWe are not going to have any food today. We are not going to have any vegetables today.VEGETABLEsuperordinate and hyponym superordinate or u
3、pper term: -the more inclusive words e.g. furnituree.g. furniture : :bed,table,sofa.chair (co-hyponym共下义词) hyponym, lower term or subordinate: -the more specific wordsSense relationslivingpeonyanimalflowerlilyplantcarnationtreericetulipdaisydaffodilSense relationsLiving thingsheepram (m)lamb (young)
4、ewe (f)tigeranimaldogNon-living thingThing plantguessPseudo-hyponymyThe relationship of inclusion is just transient, not permanent.Likes and dislikes, gift, living environmentQuasi-hyponymyThe superordinate does not have same grammatical class with its subordinate Taste: bitter, acid, sweet, hot, sa
5、lty, spicyUse of hyponyms in writing/reading1. vivid, exact, concrete, and definiteSome bad students are talking in the lecture.Some mischievous students are chatting in the lecture.Use of hyponyms in writing He has a with two-storey, four bedrooms, two living rooms, a dinging room and kitchen. My j
6、ob is horrible.My job is horrible with its low payment, constant overwork, demanding boss, and complex interrelationship. big houseUse of hyponyms in writing2. coherence条理性，连贯性条理性，连贯性the carriage dashed through streets and swept round corner, with women screaming before it, and men clutching each ot
7、her and clutching children out of its way. At last, swooping at a street corner by a fountain. - Dickens Drive It is a beautiful park. With streams and ponds shaded by willows and bamboos, and small, elegantly-furnished cottages behind piles of rocks, the park is quiet even when there are many visit
8、ors in it, and cool when it is hot summer outside. With streams and ponds shaded by willows and bamboos, and small, elegantly-furnished cottages behind piles of rocks, the park is quiet even when there are many visitors in it, and cool when it is hot summer outside. Use of hyponyms in writing3. Used
9、 to define (is-a relationship)An orthopedist整形外科医师is who specializes in bones.A plover凤头麦鸡is a that lives on the shore. A skylight is a set in the roof of a building.A clarinet is a single-reed having a cylindrical tube with a moderately flared bell (Websters). birdwindowwoodwind instrumenta doctor汉
10、语中的“上义词文化”车Car， truck， bicycle，train，motor在火车站台上，我们说：“车车来了”，在大学校园里，一个同学说：“我的车车又丢了”，寝室室友计划去徐家汇，我问她打算怎么过去，她说“坐车车去”，汤姆丢了他的汤姆丢了他的车车。Ambiguity in Chinese culture Accuracy of western culture中国的传统文化的特点之一就是讲究内敛、委婉，追求朦胧含蓄之美，不主张直白，不强调逻辑，崇尚文章的“凝练”，“言简意赅”，“惜墨如金”，从而给读者留下更多想象的空间和再创造的余地。英美等西方国家最讲究的就是逻辑性、严密性、精准性。他们的思维方式也是直线型的，喜欢直截了当，注重前后意义的连贯一致。 Thank you !
